Vocabulary

  • for example: As an illustration or instance.
  • at a time: Separately; one by one
  • out there: In or to a place that is far away
  • around the world: In or to many countries.
  • in the world: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, disbelief
  • got to: To arrive at some place
  • in general: Typically; usually; on the whole.
  • deal with
  • as soon as: In a short time after (something happens)
  • such as: For example; like
  • of course: Sure ; Certainly
  • based on: To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
  • talking about: To discuss a particular topic.
  • look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
  • on top of that: In addition to something already mentioned; furthermore.
  • at scale: In large quantities; with significant reach or impact.
  • same time: Occurring simultaneously or at the same point in time.
  • in particular: Specifically; especially.
  • at the same time: Simultaneously; at the identical moment.
  • sell on: To resell something, often at a higher price.
  • go back to: To return to a starting point
  • behind with: Having failed to pay money that is owed at the time you should have.
  • in waves: Occurring in large, flowing bursts or groups.
  • in the way: Obstructing someone or something; hindering progress.
  • in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
  • come by: To become the owner of something, e.g. by accident
  • show up: To arrive or be seen at a place, e.g. a party
  • back out: To say you will now not do something you promised
  • in total: Completely; with everything added together.
  • depending on: To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
  • of a sudden: Quickly and unexpectedly; suddenly.
  • in the middle of: In the central part or point of something.
  • out of time: Having no more time available to do something.
  • come from: To have as your native country or city
  • closer to home: Nearer to one's place of residence or origin.
  • used to: Did regularly before, but don't do now
  • along with: In addition to; together with.
  • bad idea: An unwise or imprudent course of action.
  • vulnerable: Being open to attack or damage
  • period: Set amount of time during which events take place
  • scale: Size, level, or amount when compared
  • impact: A striking effect or result to hit with force
  • immediately: Without any delay; straight away
  • general: Widespread, normal or usual
  • pressure: Anxiety caused by difficult problems
  • commodity: Something useful or valuable, usually for sale
  • financial: Involving money
  • fuel: To give power to (a mob, anger, etc.); incite
  • political: Being active or interested in government matters
  • automatically: In a way not requiring control by a person
  • dramatically: In a sudden or extreme manner
  • stack: A large number or amount of something
  • inflation: Act of filling something with air or gas
  • vessel: Container, such as a cup, for holding liquids
  • shore: Land along the edge of a sea, lake or river
  • trade: A specific industry, e.g. shoe making
  • major: High-ranking officer in the army
  • produce: Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
  • invasion: Entry into a place to cause harm
  • crop: Plants grown on a farm for food, e.g. corn or rice
  • solve: To figure out a way to handle a difficult problem
  • row: To move a boat using oars
  • economic: Concerning trade, industry, and money
  • minister: An official who heads a government department
  • fertilizer: Substance added to soil to help plants grow
  • point: An item to be discussed
  • middle: Place that is halfway between two things
  • natural: Being as one would expect; being usual or normal
  • fill: To make something full
  • aluminum: Very light silvery-white metal used to make cans
  • load: Large, often heavy, amount of a thing to be moved
  • grow: To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
  • nitrogen: A colorless chemical element without a smell
  • hard: Difficult to do; difficult to understand
  • product: Item that can be bought
  • strait: Channel joining large bodies of water
  • include: To make someone, something part of a group
  • supply: Availability of products and services for use
  • plant: Factory or a place where things are made
  • part: Division of a book
  • start: First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
  • march: To force someone to walk somewhere
  • gulf: Part of a sea partially surrounded by land
  • seed: A person's children; offspring
  • geopolitical: Concerning geopolitics
  • corn: Small, painful hard spot on the foot
  • shipment: Delivery of goods, e.g. carried by a large vehicle
  • phosphorus: Yellow chemical that burns in contact with the air
  • potash: Potassium compound often used in agriculture
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    • along with

      US /əˈlɔŋ wɪð/

      UK /əˈlɔŋ wið/

      • Preposition
      • In addition to; together with.
      • Adverb
      • In company or together with someone or something.
      • Including; in addition to.
      A2
      More
    • aluminum

      US /ə'lju:minəm/

      UK /ə'lju:minəm/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Very light silvery-white metal used to make cans
      B2
      More
    • around the world

      US /əˈraʊnd ði wɜrld/

      UK /əˈraund ðə wɜː(r)ld/

      • Phrase
      • In or to many countries.
      • In various places throughout the world.
      A2
      More
    • as soon as

      US /æz sun æz/

      UK /æz su:n æz/

      • Phrase
      • In a short time after (something happens)
      • Without any delay; immediately
      • Conjunction
      • At the moment that, or immediately after.
      A1
      More
    • at a time

      US /æt e taɪm/

      UK /æt ə taim/

      • Phrase
      • Separately; one by one
      • Simultaneously; together
      A1
      More
    • at scale

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • In large quantities; with significant reach or impact.
      • Widely; extensively; with broad application.
      A1
      More
    • at the same time

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Simultaneously; at the identical moment.
      • Nevertheless; however; used to introduce a contrasting or qualifying statement.
      A1
      More
    • automatically

      US /ˌɔtəˈmætɪkl:ɪ/

      UK /ˌɔ:tə'mætɪklɪ/

      • Adverb
      • In a way not requiring control by a person
      B1
      More
    • back out

      US /bæk aʊt/

      UK /bæk aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To say you will now not do something you promised
      A1
      More
    • bad idea

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • An unwise or imprudent course of action.
      A2
      More
    • based on

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
      • Preposition
      • Using something as the main idea or foundation.
      • Relying on something as evidence or justification.
      A1
      More
    • behind with

      US

      UK

      • Adjective
      • Having failed to pay money that is owed at the time you should have.
      • Not having done something that you should have done.
      A1
      More
    • closer to home

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Nearer to one's place of residence or origin.
      • More relevant or pertinent to one's personal life or immediate surroundings.
      A1
      More
    • come by

      US /kʌm baɪ/

      UK /kʌm bai/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To become the owner of something, e.g. by accident
      • To visit someone
      A1
      More
    • come from

      US /kʌm frʌm/

      UK /kʌm frɔm/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To have as your native country or city
      A1
      More
    • commodity

      US /kəˈmɑdɪti/

      UK /kə'mɒdətɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Something useful or valuable, usually for sale
      • A valuable quality or thing.
      • Adjective
      • Something that is treated as a simple object of trade or commerce, rather than valued for its intrinsic qualities.
      B1
      More
    • corn

      US /kɔrn/

      UK /kɔ:n/

      • Noun
      • Small, painful hard spot on the foot
      • Plant with many yellow seeds used as food
      B1
      More
    • crop

      US /krɑp/

      UK /krɒp/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Plants grown on a farm for food, e.g. corn or rice
      • Section of short, thick hair
      • Transitive Verb
      • To cut something to a shorter length or size
      • To cut (something, especially hair) short.
      B1
      More
    • deal with

      US /dil wɪð/

      UK /di:l wið/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To buy or sell goods or services.
      • Phrasal Verb
      • To take action to solve a problem or manage a situation.
      • To be about; concern.
      A1
      More
    • depending on

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
      • Influenced or determined by.
      • Preposition
      • Subject to; contingent on
      • Relying on someone or something for support or assistance.
      A2
      More
    • dramatically

      US /drəˈmætɪkl:ɪ/

      UK /drə'mætɪklɪ/

      • Adverb
      • In a sudden or extreme manner
      • In a theatrical or exaggerated manner.
      B1
      More
    • economic

      US /ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ˌikə-/

      UK /ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning trade, industry, and money
      • Financially worthwhile; profitable.
      • Noun
      • A system relating to economics
      • A factor relating to economics
      A2
      More
    • fertilizer

      US /ˈfɚtlˌaɪzɚ/

      UK /ˈfɜ:təlaɪzə(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Substance added to soil to help plants grow
      • A specific type or brand of fertilizer.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • financial

      US /faɪˈnænʃ(ə)l/

      UK /faɪˈnænʃl/

      • Adjective
      • Involving money
      • Relating to investments.
      • Countable Noun
      • A person who provides advice on financial matters.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • for example

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • As an illustration or instance.
      More
    • fuel

      US /ˈfjuəl/

      UK /'fju:əl/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To give power to (a mob, anger, etc.); incite
      • To provide gas or petrol for something
      • Uncountable Noun
      • Material used to produce heat or power when burned
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • geopolitical

      US /ˌdʒi:oʊpə'lɪtɪkl/

      UK /ˌdʒi:əʊpə'lɪtɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning geopolitics
      C1
      More
    • go back to

      US /ɡo bæk tu/

      UK /ɡəu bæk tu:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To return to a starting point
      A1
      More
    • got to

      US /ɡɑt tu/

      UK /gɔt tu:/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To arrive at some place
      • To have the opportunity or permission to do something
      • Phrasal Verb
      • To appeal to the emotions of; move
      • To finally begin to start something after a delay
      A1
      More
    • gulf

      US /ɡʌlf/

      UK /gʌlf/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Part of a sea partially surrounded by land
      • Wide separation or difference between two groups
      B1
      More
    • impact

      US /ˈɪmˌpækt/

      UK /'ɪmpækt/

      • Noun
      • A striking effect or result to hit with force
      • Act or force of one thing hitting something else
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To hit or strike someone or something with force
      • To have a strong effect on someone or something.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • in fact

      US /ɪn fækt/

      UK /in fækt/

      • Adverb
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
      • Used to introduce a more detailed or surprising piece of information.
      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that is surprising or contrary to what might be expected.
      C1
      More
    • in general

      US /ɪn ˈdʒɛnərəl/

      UK /in ˈdʒenərəl/

      • Phrase
      • Typically; usually; on the whole.
      • Not specific or detailed; broadly.
      • Adjective
      • Not detailed or specific; overall.
      C2
      More
    • in particular

      US /ɪn pɚˈtɪkjəlɚ/

      UK /in pəˈtikjulə/

      • Phrase
      • Specifically; especially.
      • Detailed or precise.
      A1
      More
    • in the middle of

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • In the central part or point of something.
      • Engaged or occupied with something.
      A2
      More
    • in the way

      US /ɪn ði we/

      UK /in ðə wei/

      • Phrase
      • Obstructing someone or something; hindering progress.
      • Stored or placed so as to be available or ready when needed.
      A1
      More
    • in the world

      US /ɪn ði wɜrld/

      UK /in ðə wɜː(r)ld/

      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, disbelief
      • Used to indicate the extent or degree of something, often in a superlative sense
      A1
      More
    • in total

      US /ɪn ˈtotl/

      UK /in ˈtəutəl/

      • Phrase
      • Completely; with everything added together.
      A1
      More
    • in waves

      US /ɪn weɪvz/

      UK /ɪn weɪvz/

      • other
      • Occurring in large, flowing bursts or groups.
      B2
      More
    • inflation

      US /ɪnˈfleʃən/

      UK /ɪn'fleɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Act of filling something with air or gas
      • Continual rise in the prices of products
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • invasion

      US /ɪnˈveʒən/

      UK /ɪnˈveɪʒn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Entry into a place to cause harm
      • An unwelcome intrusion into another's domain.
      B1
      More
    • load

      US /lod/

      UK /ləʊd/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Large, often heavy, amount of a thing to be moved
      • A burden; heavy responsibility
      • Transitive Verb
      • To put in items for use (e.g. bullets in a gun)
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • look at

      US /lʊk æt/

      UK /luk æt/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use your eyes to focus on something
      • To focus your eyes on something carefully
      A1
      More
    • major

      US /ˈmedʒɚ/

      UK /'meɪdʒə(r)/

      • Countable Noun
      • High-ranking officer in the army
      • Main subject you study at university
      • Adjective
      • Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
      • Important, serious, or large in scope, size
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • minister

      US /ˈmɪnɪstɚ/

      UK /'mɪnɪstə(r)/

      • Noun
      • An official who heads a government department
      • Person who performs Christian services
      A2
      More
    • nitrogen

      US /ˈnaɪtrədʒən/

      UK /ˈnaɪtrədʒən/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • A colorless chemical element without a smell
      B2
      More
    • of a sudden

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Quickly and unexpectedly; suddenly.
      B2
      More
    • of course

      US /ʌv kɔː(r)s/

      UK /ɔv kɔː(r)s/

      • Adverb
      • Sure ; Certainly
      • Phrase
      • For sure; certainly
      A2
      More
    • on top of that

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • In addition to something already mentioned; furthermore.
      A1
      More
    • out of time

      US /aʊt ʌv taɪm/

      UK /aut ɔv taim/

      • Adjective
      • Having no more time available to do something.
      A1
      More
    • out there

      US /aʊt ðɛr/

      UK /aut ðɛə/

      • Adverb
      • In or to a place that is far away
      • Existing in the universe
      • Adjective
      • Unconventional; strange; avant-garde
      • Existing or available.
      A1
      More
    • phosphorus

      US /ˈfɑsfərəs/

      UK /ˈfɒsfərəs/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Yellow chemical that burns in contact with the air
      C1
      More
    • plant

      US /plænt/

      UK /plɑ:nt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Factory or a place where things are made
      • Living thing with leaves and roots growing in soil
      • Transitive Verb
      • To firmly position something (in the ground)
      • To put seeds, flowers, trees in the ground
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • political

      US /pəˈlɪtɪkəl/

      UK /pəˈlɪtɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • Being active or interested in government matters
      • Diplomatic
      A2
      More
    • potash

      US /ˈpɑ:tæʃ/

      UK /ˈpɒtæʃ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Potassium compound often used in agriculture
      C2
      More
    • pressure

      US /ˈprɛʃɚ/

      UK /'preʃə(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Anxiety caused by difficult problems
      • Force, weight when pressing against a thing
      • Transitive Verb
      • To apply force to something
      • To persuade or force someone to do something
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • row

      US /roʊ/

      UK /rəʊ/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To move a boat using oars
      • To argue or quarrel loudly about something
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Loud argument or quarrel between people
      • Straight line of things, e.g. seats in classroom
      A2
      More
    • same time

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Occurring simultaneously or at the same point in time.
      • At the identical time as before; recurring at a fixed hour.
      • Noun
      • An equal duration or period.
      A1
      More
    • scale

      US /skel/

      UK /skeɪl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Size, level, or amount when compared
      • Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To change the size of but keep the proportions
      • To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • seed

      US /sid/

      UK /si:d/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A person's children; offspring
      • Part of a plant used to grow more on them
      • Intransitive Verb
      • (Of plants) to produce seeds for the future
      B1
      More
    • sell on

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To resell something, often at a higher price.
      • To promote or persuade someone to buy something.
      A2
      More
    • shipment

      US /ˈʃɪpmənt/

      UK /ˈʃɪpmənt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Delivery of goods, e.g. carried by a large vehicle
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • shore

      US /ʃɔr, ʃor/

      UK /ʃɔ:(r)/

      • Noun
      • Land along the edge of a sea, lake or river
      B1
      More
    • show up

      US /ʃo ʌp/

      UK /ʃəu ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To arrive or be seen at a place, e.g. a party
      • To be noticeably better than (someone else)
      A1
      More
    • solve

      US /sɑ:lv/

      UK /sɒlv/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To figure out a way to handle a difficult problem
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • stack

      US /stæk/

      UK /stæk/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A large number or amount of something
      • Large tube through which smoke exits a building
      • Transitive Verb
      • To arrange cards in a certain order, to cheat
      • To put one thing on top of another, e.g. boxes
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • strait

      US /stret/

      UK /streɪt/

      • Noun
      • Channel joining large bodies of water
      C2
      More
    • such as

      US /sʌtʃ æz/

      UK /sʌtʃ æz/

      • Preposition
      • For example; like
      A1
      More
    • supply

      US /səˈplaɪ/

      UK /sə'plaɪ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Availability of products and services for use
      • Transitive Verb
      • To give or sell goods to others for their use
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • talking about

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To discuss a particular topic.
      • To be constantly mentioning or bringing up a subject.
      A1
      More
    • trade

      US /treid/

      UK /treɪd/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A specific industry, e.g. shoe making
      • Action of buying and selling things in business
      • Transitive Verb
      • To buy, sell and exchange goods in business
      • To give something in return for something else
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • used to

      US /juzd tu/

      UK /ˈju:st tə/

      • Adjective
      • Did regularly before, but don't do now
      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Have done before, but do not do now
      A1
      More
    • vessel

      US /ˈvɛsəl/

      UK /ˈvesl/

      • Countable Noun
      • Container, such as a cup, for holding liquids
      • A ship or boat; something that carries things
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • vulnerable

      US /ˈvʌlnərəbəl/

      UK /ˈvʌlnərəbl/

      • Adjective
      • Being open to attack or damage
      • Being easily harmed, hurt, or wounded
      B1
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B1US
    #fertilizer#nitrogen#phosphate#canada#war#gas

    Iran War Sends Shockwaves From Energy Markets to Global Food Supply

    0
    Richard VT posted on 2026/03/30
    Ever wondered how global events impact your wallet? This video dives into how the Iran war is shaking up energy markets and food prices, affecting everything from fertilizer costs for US farmers to global food inflation. You'll pick up advanced vocabulary related to geopolitical risk and supply chains, making it a fantastic way to boost your English while learning about critical world issues!

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