Vocabulary

  • have to: Must do
  • with it: Intelligent, alert, and up-to-date.
  • in part: To some extent; partially.
  • due to: Because of; owing to
  • for instance: As an example.
  • look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
  • used to: Did regularly before, but don't do now
  • feel sick: To experience a sensation of nausea or illness
  • drop down: To go to a lower place, rank
  • in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
  • care of: Used in an address to indicate the person who will receive the mail for someone else.
  • on to: Toward something; forward
  • go on: To continue doing something
  • from the first: From the very beginning.
  • dark circle: A dark discoloration of the skin under the eyes.
  • in the dark: Uninformed about something; unaware.
  • wake up: To stop sleeping
  • along with: In addition to; together with.
  • swim in: To move through water by using your arms and legs.
  • specific: Precise; particular; just about that thing
  • sort: To organize things by putting them into groups
  • incredible: Very good; amazing
  • process: To organize and use data in a computer
  • immune: Having a special protection from, e.g. the law
  • physical: Health check at the doctors' or hospital
  • initiative: Ability to come up with solutions by yourself
  • determine: To control exactly how something will be or act
  • impact: A striking effect or result to hit with force
  • treat: To pay for the food or enjoyment of someone else
  • disease: Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
  • research: To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
  • trial: Hearing and judgment of a case in court
  • mutation: Change that changes genetic structure
  • field: Area of study, such as physics or biology
  • brain: To strike someone forcefully on the head
  • occur: To come to pass or to happen
  • rare: (Of meat) cooked, but still red and juicy
  • similar: Nearly the same; alike
  • response: Something said/written as an answer to something
  • form: Sports team or person's current winning record
  • responsible: Being the cause of something that has occurred
  • breed: Kind of / sort of
  • surgery: Medical operation involving cutting into body
  • clinical: Concerning the treatment or observing patients
  • connection: Something that joins things together; being joined
  • appear: To be seen, become visible; come into sight
  • bladder: Soft bag which holds liquid or air
  • diagnose: To determine the cause of an illness or problem
  • lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • thigh: Upper part of a bird's leg, e.g. eaten as food
  • promise: To say you will certainly do something
  • system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
  • modify: To make minor change to something
  • nauseous: Feeling like you want to vomit
  • find: To become aware of something that is happening
  • difference: A thing or issue that people do not agree about
  • tumor: Abnormal growth of cells; cancer
  • part: Division of a book
  • start: First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
  • hold: To agree to keep something for someone
  • chemotherapy: Treatment of diseases using chemicals
  • gene: Part of cell controlling development of a thing
  • cancer: Any growth caused by abnormal cell division
  • lab: Short for 'laboratory'
  • headache: Pain in the head
  • floppy: Being soft and able to be bent easily
  • veterinary: Concerning the care of an animal's health
  • worsen: To make or become worse
  • cancerous: Being a growth caused by abnormal cell division
  • comparative: Word form expressing a difference in degree
  • sandy: Person's name
  • infusion: Extraction of materials by soaking in liquids
  • oncologist: Specialist in the study of cancers
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  • not found vocabularyNo vocabulary matches your filters
    • along with

      US /əˈlɔŋ wɪð/

      UK /əˈlɔŋ wið/

      • Preposition
      • In addition to; together with.
      • Adverb
      • In company or together with someone or something.
      • Including; in addition to.
      A2
      More
    • bladder

      US /ˈblædɚ/

      UK /ˈblædə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Soft bag which holds liquid or air
      • Part of the body that holds urine
      B1
      More
    • breed

      US /brid/

      UK /bri:d/

      • Noun
      • Kind of / sort of
      • Particular kind of animal, e.g. a Labrador dog
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To create situations for a (bad) thing to happen
      • To produce baby animals of specific kinds
      A2
      More
    • cancer

      US /ˈkænsɚ/

      UK /'kænsə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Any growth caused by abnormal cell division
      B1
      More
    • cancerous

      US /ˈkænsɚrəs/

      UK /'kænsərəs/

      • Adjective
      • Being a growth caused by abnormal cell division
      B1
      More
    • care of

      US /kɛr ʌv/

      UK /kɛə ɔv/

      • Preposition
      • Used in an address to indicate the person who will receive the mail for someone else.
      A2
      More
    • chemotherapy

      US /ˌki:moʊˈθerəpi/

      UK /ˌki:məʊˈθerəpi/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Treatment of diseases using chemicals
      B2
      More
    • clinical

      US /ˈklɪnɪkəl/

      UK /ˈklɪnɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning the treatment or observing patients
      • Using scientific techniques and precision
      B1
      More
    • comparative

      US /kəmˈpærətɪv/

      UK /kəmˈpærətɪv/

      • Noun
      • Word form expressing a difference in degree
      • Adjective
      • Expressing a difference in degree
      • Relative; assessed by comparison
      B1
      More
    • connection

      US /kəˈnɛkʃən/

      UK /kəˈnekʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Something that joins things together; being joined
      • Person you know who can help you in some way
      A2
      More
    • dark circle

      US

      UK

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A dark discoloration of the skin under the eyes.
      More
    • determine

      US /dɪˈtɚmɪn/

      UK /dɪ'tɜ:mɪn/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To control exactly how something will be or act
      • To establish the facts about; discover
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • diagnose

      US /ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊs/

      UK /ˈdaɪəgnəʊz/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To determine the cause of an illness or problem
      B1
      More
    • disease

      US /dɪˈziz/

      UK /dɪˈzi:z/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
      • A disorder of structure or function in a plant, especially one caused by a pathogen.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To affect with disease; to corrupt or sicken.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • drop down

      US /drɑp daʊn/

      UK /drɔp daun/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To go to a lower place, rank
      A1
      More
    • due to

      US /du tu/

      UK /dju: tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Because of; owing to
      • Adjective
      • Attributable to; caused by.
      A1
      More
    • feel sick

      US

      UK

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To experience a sensation of nausea or illness
      More
    • floppy

      US /ˈflɑ:pi/

      UK /ˈflɒpi/

      • Adjective
      • Being soft and able to be bent easily
      • Countable Noun
      • Magnetic computer disks used in the 1980s to 1990s
      C2
      More
    • for instance

      US /fɔr ˈɪnstəns/

      UK /fɔ: ˈinstəns/

      • Adverb
      • As an example.
      • Phrase
      • As an example.
      • As an illustration or case in point
      B1
      More
    • from the first

      US /frəm ðə ˈfɝst/

      UK /frəm ðə ˈfɜ:st/

      • other
      • From the very beginning.
      B2
      More
    • gene

      US /dʒin/

      UK /dʒi:n/

      • Noun
      • Part of cell controlling development of a thing
      B1
      More
    • go on

      US /ɡo ɑn/

      UK /ɡəu ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To continue doing something
      • To happen (usually negative)
      • Interjection
      • Used to encourage someone
      A1
      More
    • have to

      US /hæv tu/

      UK /ˈhæv tə/

      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Must do
      A1
      More
    • headache

      US /ˈhed.eɪk/

      UK /ˈhed.eɪk/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Pain in the head
      • Something that causes worry or annoyance.
      B2
      More
    • immune

      US /ɪˈmjoon/

      UK /ɪˈmju:n/

      • Adjective
      • Having a special protection from, e.g. the law
      • Protected against a particular disease or condition because of antibodies or vaccination.
      B1
      More
    • impact

      US /ˈɪmˌpækt/

      UK /'ɪmpækt/

      • Noun
      • A striking effect or result to hit with force
      • Act or force of one thing hitting something else
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To hit or strike someone or something with force
      • To have a strong effect on someone or something.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • in fact

      US /ɪn fækt/

      UK /in fækt/

      • Adverb
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
      • Used to introduce a more detailed or surprising piece of information.
      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that is surprising or contrary to what might be expected.
      C1
      More
    • in part

      US /ɪn pɑrt/

      UK /in pɑ:t/

      • Adverb
      • To some extent; partially.
      A1
      More
    • in the dark

      US /ɪn ði dɑrk/

      UK /in ðə dɑ:k/

      • Adjective
      • Uninformed about something; unaware.
      • Phrase
      • In a state of secrecy or ignorance.
      • In a place with little or no light.
      A1
      More
    • incredible

      US /ɪnˈkrɛdəbəl/

      UK /ɪnˈkredəbl/

      • Adjective
      • Very good; amazing
      • Really good; amazing; great
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • infusion

      US /ɪnˈfjuʒən/

      UK /ɪnˈfju:ʒn/

      • Noun
      • Extraction of materials by soaking in liquids
      B2
      More
    • initiative

      US /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/

      UK /ɪ'nɪʃətɪv/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Ability to come up with solutions by yourself
      • New plan or idea that is meant to fix a problem
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • lab

      US /læb/

      UK /læb/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Short for 'laboratory'
      B1
      More
    • look at

      US /lʊk æt/

      UK /luk æt/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use your eyes to focus on something
      • To focus your eyes on something carefully
      A1
      More
    • modify

      US /ˈmɑ:dɪfaɪ/

      UK /ˈmɒdɪfaɪ/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To make minor change to something
      B1
      More
    • mutation

      US /mjuˈteʃən/

      UK /mju:'teɪʃn/

      • Noun
      • Change that changes genetic structure
      B2
      More
    • nauseous

      US /ˈnɔ:ʃəs/

      UK /ˈnɔ:ziəs/

      • Adjective
      • Feeling like you want to vomit
      B2
      More
    • occur

      US /əˈkɚ/

      UK /əˈkɜ:(r)/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To come to pass or to happen
      • To be found to exist; to be present.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • on to

      US /ɑn tu/

      UK /ɔn tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Toward something; forward
      • Aware of someone's activities.
      • Adjective
      • Aware of someone's deception or illegal activities.
      A1
      More
    • oncologist

      US /ɒŋ'kɒlədʒɪst/

      UK /ɒŋ'kɒlədʒɪst/

      • Countable Noun
      • Specialist in the study of cancers
      C1
      More
    • physical

      US /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

      UK /ˈfɪzɪkl/

      • Countable Noun
      • Health check at the doctors' or hospital
      • Adjective
      • Concerning the body of a person
      • Concerning things that can be seen or touched
      A2
      More
    • process

      US /ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs/

      UK /prə'ses/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To organize and use data in a computer
      • To deal with official forms in the way required
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Dealing with official forms in the way required
      • Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • rare

      US /rɛr/

      UK /reə(r)/

      • Adjective
      • (Of meat) cooked, but still red and juicy
      • Unusual or out of the ordinary; not common
      A2
      More
    • research

      US /rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ/

      UK /rɪ'sɜ:tʃ/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
      • To study the market relating to marketing products and services.
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Study done to discover new ideas and facts
      • A particular area or topic of study.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • response

      US /rɪˈspɑns/

      UK /riˈspɔns/

      • Noun
      • Something said/written as an answer to something
      • Reaction to something that has occurred
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • responsible

      US / rɪˈspɑnsəbəl/

      UK /rɪ'spɒnsəbl/

      • Adjective
      • Being the cause of something that has occurred
      • Having the duty of dealing with something
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • sandy

      US /ˈsændi/

      UK /ˈsændi/

      • Proper Noun
      • Person's name
      • Adjective
      • Having a yellowish-brown color
      • Containing or covered with a lot of sand
      B1
      More
    • specific

      US /spɪˈsɪfɪk/

      UK /spəˈsɪfɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Precise; particular; just about that thing
      • Concerning one particular thing or kind of thing
      A2
      More
    • surgery

      US /ˈsɚdʒəri/

      UK /'sɜ:dʒərɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Medical operation involving cutting into body
      • A doctor's office; health clinic
      B1
      More
    • swim in

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To move through water by using your arms and legs.
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To have a lot of something.
      A1
      More
    • thigh

      US /θaɪ/

      UK /θaɪ/

      • Noun
      • Upper part of a bird's leg, e.g. eaten as food
      • Upper part of a person's leg, above the knee
      B2
      More
    • trial

      US /ˈtraɪəl, traɪl/

      UK /ˈtraɪəl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Hearing and judgment of a case in court
      • Act or process of testing or experimenting
      • Transitive Verb
      • To be made or done as a test or experiment
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • tumor

      US /'tju:mə/

      UK /'tju:mə/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Abnormal growth of cells; cancer
      • A swelling of a part of the body, generally without inflammation, caused by an abnormal growth of tissue, whether benign or malignant.
      B1
      More
    • used to

      US /juzd tu/

      UK /ˈju:st tə/

      • Adjective
      • Did regularly before, but don't do now
      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Have done before, but do not do now
      A1
      More
    • veterinary

      US /ˈvetərəneri/

      UK /ˈvetnri/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning the care of an animal's health
      B2
      More
    • wake up

      US /wek ʌp/

      UK /weik ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To stop sleeping
      • To become fully aware and alert to a situation.
      A1
      More
    • with it

      US /wɪð ɪt/

      UK /wið it/

      • Adjective
      • Intelligent, alert, and up-to-date.
      • Understanding and knowledgeable about current trends or information.
      A1
      More
    • worsen

      US /ˈwə:sən/

      UK /'wɜ:sn/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To make or become worse
      B2
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B1US
    #cancer#otto#julie#chemotherapy#diagnosed#gene

    Comparative Oncology | 60 Minutes Archive

    0
    Richard VT posted on 2026/03/22
    Ever wondered how studying cancer in pets could help humans? This fascinating look into comparative oncology reveals how research on canine cancer, like osteosarcoma, is accelerating breakthroughs for the Cancer Moonshot initiative. You'll pick up some advanced vocabulary related to cancer immunotherapy and clinical trials while learning about incredible patient stories!

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