Vocabulary

• shift in: A change or alteration in something.
• intellectual property: Creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce.
• choke point: A strategic narrow passage or area where movement is easily restricted or controlled.
• at loggerheads: In strong disagreement or conflict with someone.
• such as: For example; like
• rather than: More exactly; more correctly
• in the game: Still involved or active in a competition or situation.
• in return: As a reciprocal action or gesture; in exchange or repayment.
• have to: Must do
• instead of: When one thing is replaced by another
• in time: Eventually; after a period of time.
• home in: Move or direct toward a specific target or goal.
• with it: Intelligent, alert, and up-to-date.
• along with: In addition to; together with.
• put together: To build or assemble something small, e.g. a toy
• step on it: Hurry up; go faster.
• in favor of: Expressing support or approval for someone or something.
• as it stands: In the present condition or situation.
• come from: To have as your native country or city
• over to: Used to hand over to someone else to speak
• lead to: To result in some action
• turn in: To produce or achieve a good performance
• based on: To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
• set out: To arrange something in an orderly fashion
• be with: To accompany someone; to be in someone's presence.
• aside from
• at the same time: Simultaneously; at the identical moment.
• same time: Occurring simultaneously or at the same point in time.
• around the world: In or to many countries.
• together with: In addition to; along with.
• deal with
• in retrospect: Thinking back on what happened
• on the internet: Located or available on the internet.
• no matter: Regardless of; it does not matter.
• switch on: To put something electrical on or off
• work together: To collaborate or cooperate with others to achieve a common goal.
• sphere of influence: A country or area in which another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority.
• spread around: To distribute something to a wide area or to many people.
• demonstrate: To display a feeling or ability openly
• term: Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
• evolve: To develop certain features
• intellectual: connected with or using a person’s ability to think in a logical way and understand things
• property: Particular quality that someone or something has
• shift: To change in position or direction
• industry: Hard work; being busy working
• fuel: To give power to (a mob, anger, etc.); incite
• lean: To balance against or on something for support
• efficient: Able to produce results without waste
• alter: To change so (clothing) fits better
• innovation: Process of creating new ideas or inventions
• emerge: To rise or appear out of some background
• decision: Choice made after thinking; final judgment
• productivity: Rate at which people or machines produce
• result: Something produced through tests or experiments
• labor: To struggle to do something because it's difficult
• coordinate: To match styles or colors that go well together
• introduce: To open an essay to set the scene
• permanently: For a long time; always
• mass: Religious ceremony in some Christian churches
• standard: Official unit of measuring something
• outright: In a complete manner; totally
• investment: Something purchased hoping its value will increase
• trade: A specific industry, e.g. shoe making
• economy: Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
• accelerate: To cause to occur earlier than expected
• reduce: To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
• prove: To demonstrate truth by providing evidence
• produce: Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
• energy: Physical or mental strength
• monetary: Concerning a country's economic system
• company: Good feeling from being with someone else
• transform: To change the shape completely in a good way
• integration: Act of bringing things together into a whole
• system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
• operate: To control or handle something, such as a machine
• allow: To admit the validity or truth of something
• government: Group of people and system that rule a nation
• transportation: Act of moving people or goods between places
• worldwide: Spanning or extending throughout the entire world
• modern: Of the present time; up to date; contemporary
• crude: Lacking manners or finesse; rude
• assembly: Process of putting the parts of something together
• world: All the humans, events, activities on the earth
• mobility: Ability to move
• atom: Smallest bit that matter can be broken down into
• post: To send a letter or package using stamps
• reshape: To form something into a new shape
• globalization: International spread of something, e.g. company