Vocabulary

• in power: Having control of a country or organization.
• in reality: Actually; in fact; truly.
• as such: Something previously stated or understood
• have to: Must do
• for one thing: Used to introduce a reason for something.
• for example: As an illustration or instance.
• as long as: For the period that; provided that.
• on paper: In theory or as a plan, but not necessarily in reality.
• in control: Having the power to direct or regulate something; able to manage or direct a situation or person.
• in line with: In agreement with; conforming to.
• constant struggle: A continuous and persistent effort or fight against difficulties or opposition.
• with it: Intelligent, alert, and up-to-date.
• to do with: To be about something; concern
• in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
• in other words: Stating something in a different way, often to make it clearer or more understandable.
• at once: Immediately; without delay
• stay in: To remain inside one's home.
• usher in: To mark the start of something new; to introduce or initiate.
• on to: Toward something; forward
• hold on: To wait for someone (e.g. on a phone call)
• at most: Not more than; a maximum of.
• in the air: Present or circulating in the atmosphere.
• in the future: At a later time; in times to come.
• in effect: In reality; in practice; virtually
• under the umbrella: In a position covered and sheltered by an umbrella.
• next to: Being located along side another
• as well as: Also; in addition to
• of the century: The most notable or important in a hundred-year period.
• emerged as: To become known or apparent; to come forth as.
• at the helm: In a position of control or leadership.
• beneath the surface: In or under the outer layer of something, often physically below.
• into perspective: To clarify or provide a broader understanding of a situation or issue.
• go after: To chase or pursue something
• set up
• make up: To invent or create a story
• hit with: To strike someone or something using an object.
• in practice: In reality or actual use; as opposed to in theory.
• outside of: Located or situated beyond the boundaries or confines of something.
• deal in: To buy and sell a particular product or products.
• in particular: Specifically; especially.
• by design: Intentionally; deliberately.
• by accident: Without intending to; unintentionally.
• force: Group of persons trained for military action; army
• strike: To hit something
• represent: To depict art objects, figures, scenes; to portray
• parliament: Elected officials who govern a country (in the UK)
• influence: To affect or change something indirectly
• decade: Period of 10 years
• prime: To get a person ready for; prepare someone
• military: Army or armed forces
• political: Being active or interested in government matters
• establish: To set or create something to last for a long time
• collapse: To fold (e.g. a stroller) down to make it smaller
• mean: Average of a set of numbers
• state: Region within a country, with its own government
• society: A group who meet to share values or interests
• remain: To be left behind; to continue to exist
• inflation: Act of filling something with air or gas
• emerge: To rise or appear out of some background
• region: Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.
• define: To explain the meaning of words
• religious: Following the rules and beliefs of a faith
• democratic: (Of government) giving the people power, a vote
• protest: To argue against something in a forceful way
• resistance: Force that stops or slows movement of something
• grand: A counter for 1000 of something
• economy: Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
• ideology: Ideas or beliefs which form theory and policy
• revolution: When a group overthrows an existing government
• leave: To go away from; depart
• supreme: Greatest in degree/nature/quality; absolute best
• complicate: To make more difficult to do, understand or use
• constitution: Statement of fundamental principles of a country
• revolutionary: Marking a significant change in something
• century: Period of 100 years
• pyramid: Four-sided structure with sides meeting at the top
• secular: Not connected or controlled by religious beliefs
• control: A device designed to operate a machine
• system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
• government: Group of people and system that rule a nation
• modern: Of the present time; up to date; contemporary
• head: To hit a ball with your head in a game
• protect: To defend someone or something from harm or danger
• assembly: Process of putting the parts of something together
• pick: Sharp tool used for breaking the ground
• change: To exchange one set of clothes for another
• grow: To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
• colonial: Of a system where one country controls another
• constitutional: Regarding laws that govern a nation and its people
• successor: Person who takes over the position of another
• crippling: To hurt and make useless
• historically: In history; in the past
• politic: Careful what you say; diplomatic
• unable: Not being able to do something
• judiciary: System of judges and courts in a country
• bazaar: Market of small shops that sell various items
• elect: To select someone for a position by voting
• shah: Title given to the monarch of Iran
• ayatollah: Important religious or political leader in Iran