affect
US /əˈfɛkt/
UK /ə'fekt/
- Transitive Verb
- To cause a change in something else
- To pretend to have or feel (something).
- Noun
- (Psychology) Emotion or feeling.
A2TOEICMoreapprove
US /əˈpruv/
UK /əˈpru:v/
- Transitive Verb
- To formally accept something or grant permission
- To have a positive opinion of someone or something
A2TOEICMorearound the world
US /əˈraʊnd ði wɜrld/
UK /əˈraund ðə wɜː(r)ld/
- Phrase
- In or to many countries.
- In various places throughout the world.
A2Moreat the moment
US
UK
- Adverb
- At this time; now
A1Moreaverse
US /əˈvɜ:rs/
UK /əˈvɜ:s/
- Adjective
- Averse to feeling strong dislike for
B2Morebefore long
US /bɪˈfɔr lɔŋ/
UK /biˈfɔ: lɔŋ/
- Phrase
- Soon; in a short time.
A1Morebill
US /bɪl/
UK /bɪl/
- Noun
- Plan for a new law being discussed by a government
- Sign or poster advertising something
- Transitive Verb
- To request payment by handing over an invoice
A2TOEICMoreboost
US /bust/
UK /bu:st/
- Transitive Verb
- To increase something; to make something better
- To push someone or something up from beneath them
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- An increase in something
B1TOEICMorebreakup
US /ˈbrekˌʌp/
UK /'breɪk'ʌp/
- Noun
- End of a relationship often due to troubles
- Interruption or disintegration, especially of a radio signal.
C2Morebriefly
US /ˈbriːfli/
UK /ˈbri:fli/
- Adverb
- Using little time or resources
B1Morechemical
US /ˈkɛmɪkəl/
UK /ˈkemɪkl/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Basic substance produced by mixing elements
- The branch of science concerned with the substances of which matter is composed, the investigation of their properties and reactions, and the use of such reactions to form new substances.
- Adjective
- Made of various elements
A2Morecommittee
US /kəˈmɪti/
UK /kəˈmɪti/
- Countable Noun
- Group of people who do or decide something
- A body of people formally appointed to consider or take action on a particular matter.
A2Morecommonality
US /ˌkɑməˈnælɪti/
UK /'kɒmənəltɪ/
- Uncountable Noun
- Sharing of common features
C1Morecompulsive
US /kəmˈpʌlsɪv/
UK /kəm'pʌlsɪv/
- Adjective
- Having difficulty to stop yourself doing something
- Acting as a result of an irresistible urge; addicted.
B2Moreconsiderably
US /kənˈsɪdərəblɪ/
UK /kənˈsɪdərəbli/
- Adverb
- Quite a lot; to a large degree
- To a large amount or quantity.
B1Morecoordinate
US /ko'ɔrdəˈnet/
UK /kəʊ'ɔ:dɪneɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To match styles or colors that go well together
- To cause body parts to move smoothly together
- Noun
- Point on a map defining a location e.g. 135N, 34W
- A matching set of clothes.
B1Moredebt
US /dɛt/
UK /det/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Sum of money owed to someone that is not yet paid
- A moral or social obligation.
A2TOEICMoredeceitful
US /dɪˈsiːtfl/
UK /dɪˈsi:tfl/
- Adjective
- Intended to deceive; tending to lie
- Characterized by or prone to deception; untrustworthy.
C1Moredevastating
US
UK
- Transitive Verb
- To cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly
- Adjective
- Destroying everything; very shocking
- Causing great emotional pain or shock.
B1Moredisorder
US /dɪsˈɔrdɚ/
UK /dɪs'ɔ:də(r)/
- Uncountable Noun
- State of confusion or a lack of organization
- Illness when the body is not functioning well
- Transitive Verb
- To disrupt the order or arrangement of something.
B2Moredread
US /drɛd/
UK /dred/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To await with great fear
B2Moredrug
US /drʌɡ/
UK /drʌɡ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Illegal substance taken for effect on the mind
- Chemical used as a medicine
- Transitive Verb
- To give drugs to someone to make them sleep
A2Moreextensively
US /ɪkˈstɛnsɪvlɪ/
UK /ɪk'stensɪvlɪ/
- Adverb
- Very much or often; to a large degree
- In a widespread manner; to a great extent.
B2Morefound out
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To learn or discover something, often after some effort.
- To become known; be revealed.
B2Morefrequency
US /ˈfrikwənsi/
UK /'fri:kwənsɪ/
- Uncountable Noun
- Number of repetitions of (radio or sound) wave
- How often something happens
B1TOEICMoregamble
US /'ɡæmbl/
UK /'ɡæmbl/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To play games to win money
- To risk (money or something valuable) on a game or event of chance.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Dangerous or risky thing that might not go right
B1Morehuge
US /hjudʒ/
UK /hju:dʒ/
- Adjective
- Very very large
A2Moreimpact
US /ˈɪmˌpækt/
UK /'ɪmpækt/
- Noun
- A striking effect or result to hit with force
- Act or force of one thing hitting something else
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To hit or strike someone or something with force
- To have a strong effect on someone or something.
A2TOEICMoreimpulse
US /ˈɪmˌpʌls/
UK /'ɪmpʌls/
- Noun
- Sudden desire to do something that is not planned
- A brief electrical signal transmitted along a nerve fiber or muscle fiber
B1TOEICMoreimpulsive
US /ɪmˈpʌlsɪv/
UK /ɪmˈpʌlsɪv/
- Adjective
- Acting without really thinking about it; rash
- (Psychology) Relating to or characterized by a sudden, involuntary inclination to do something.
B2Morein total
US /ɪn ˈtotl/
UK /in ˈtəutəl/
- Phrase
- Completely; with everything added together.
A1Morein turn
US
UK
- Adverb
- One after the other in a sequence or rotation.
A1Moreinvestigation
US /ɪnˌvɛstɪˈɡeʃən/
UK /ɪnˌvestɪ'ɡeɪʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Search for information about something
B1Morelead to
US /lid tu/
UK /li:d tu:/
- Phrasal Verb
- To result in some action
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To have something as a consequence or result.
A1Morelet down
US /lɛt daʊn/
UK /let daun/
- Phrasal Verb
- To disappoint someone (e.g. by breaking a promise)
A1Morelie
US /lai/
UK /laɪ/
- Intransitive Verb
- To be in a horizontal or flat position
- To say something that you know is not true
- Countable Noun
- An untrue statement, when you know it is not true
A2Moremedication
US /ˌmɛdɪˈkeʃən/
UK /ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Substance to relieve pain or cure sickness
B2Moremitigate
US /ˈmɪtˌɪɡet/
UK /'mɪtɪɡeɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To make less severe or serious
B2TOEICMoremovement
US /ˈmuvmənt/
UK /ˈmu:vmənt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Part of a piece of classical music
- Group with a shared interest or goal
A2Moreon to
US /ɑn tu/
UK /ɔn tu:/
- Preposition
- Toward something; forward
- Aware of someone's activities.
- Adjective
- Aware of someone's deception or illegal activities.
A1Morepornography
US /pɔ:rˈnɑ:grəfi/
UK /pɔ:ˈnɒgrəfi/
- Uncountable Noun
- Pictures or stories that stimulate sexual desire
C1Moreprescribe
US /prɪˈskraɪb/
UK /prɪ'skraɪb/
- Transitive Verb
- (Of doctors) to say what medicine should be taken
- To set down rules or guidelines
B2Moreprescription
US /prɪˈskrɪpʃən/
UK /prɪˈskrɪpʃn/
- Noun
- Specific medicine officially ordered for a patient
- Set of appropriate guidelines for something
B2TOEICMorepreviously
US /ˈprivɪəslɪ/
UK /'pri:vɪəslɪ/
- Adverb
- At an earlier time
- In the past; formerly.
B1TOEICMorerepeatedly
US /rɪ'pi:tɪdlɪ/
UK /rɪ'pi:tɪdlɪ/
- Adverb
- (Said, done) many times; over and over
B2Morerespect
US /rɪˈspɛkt/
UK /rɪ'spekt/
- Transitive Verb
- To follow the established rules
- To think very highly of another person
- Noun
- Behavior that follows the established rules
- Regard or admiration for someone or something
A2TOEICMoreridge
US /rɪdʒ/
UK /rɪdʒ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Edge where two leaning surfaces meet
- Raised, narrow area, usually on top of a hill
B1Moreruin
US /ˈruɪn/
UK /'ru:ɪn/
- Transitive Verb
- To damage or completely destroy something
- To cause someone to lose their money or status
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Remains of a building that has been destroyed
- The state of being destroyed or severely damaged.
B1Morescam
US /skæm/
UK /skæm/
- Noun
- A trick to fool other people to get their money
- Transitive Verb
- To trick to fool other people to get their money
B2Morescandal
US /ˈskændl/
UK /'skændl/
- Noun
- Unacceptable/immoral event causing public shock
B1Moresink
US /sɪŋk/
UK /sɪŋk/
- Transitive Verb
- To push something down into the ground
- To dig (a well)
- Countable Noun
- Large bowl in a kitchen or washroom for washing
A2TOEICMoresolicitor
US /səˈlɪsɪtɚ/
UK /səˈlɪsɪtə(r)/
- Countable Noun
- Type of lawyer who does not speak in court
B2Morespeak to
US /spik tu/
UK /spi:k tu:/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To address or communicate with someone.
- To indicate or suggest something; to be relevant to.
A1Morestrengthen
US /ˈstrɛŋkθən,ˈstrɛŋ-,ˈstrɛn-/
UK /ˈstreŋθn/
- Transitive Verb
- To make something stronger
A2TOEICMorestruggle
US /ˈstrʌɡəl/
UK /'strʌɡl/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To try very hard to do something difficult
- To fight or struggle violently
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Strong efforts made to do something difficult
- A difficult or challenging situation or task
A2Moresuch as
US /sʌtʃ æz/
UK /sʌtʃ æz/
- Preposition
- For example; like
A1Moresyndrome
US /ˈsɪnˌdrom/
UK /'sɪndrəʊm/
- Noun
- A group of signs and symptoms of a disease
B1Moretalking about
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To discuss a particular topic.
- To be constantly mentioning or bringing up a subject.
A1Moretip of the iceberg
US /ˈtɪp əv ði ˈaɪsbɚg/
UK /ˈtip əv ðə ˈaɪsbə:g/
- other
- A small visible part of a much larger problem.
B2Moretragedy
US /ˈtrædʒɪdi/
UK /'trædʒədɪ/
- Noun
- Play that has a sad ending with many deaths
- Very sad event that usually involves death
B1Morewith just
US
UK
- Phrase
- Using only; with no more than.
- Barely; by a narrow margin.
A2More
Vocabulary
- on to: Toward something; forward
- before long: Soon; in a short time.
- found out: To learn or discover something, often after some effort.
- in total: Completely; with everything added together.
- with just: Using only; with no more than.
- let down
- at the moment: At this time; now
- around the world: In or to many countries.
- tip of the iceberg: A small visible part of a much larger problem.
- such as: For example; like
- in turn: One after the other in a sequence or rotation.
- speak to: To address or communicate with someone.
- lead to: To result in some action
- talking about: To discuss a particular topic.
- struggle: To try very hard to do something difficult
- boost: To increase something; to make something better
- devastating: To cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly
- impact: A striking effect or result to hit with force
- dopamine: Drug used to treat shock and hypotension
- disorder: State of confusion or a lack of organization
- common: Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
- ruin: To damage or completely destroy something
- dread: To await with great fear
- develop: To explain something in steps and in detail
- impulse: Sudden desire to do something that is not planned
- debt: Sum of money owed to someone that is not yet paid
- affect: To cause a change in something else
- state: Region within a country, with its own government
- impulsive: Acting without really thinking about it; rash
- prescription: Specific medicine officially ordered for a patient
- syndrome: A group of signs and symptoms of a disease
- behavior: The way a person or thing acts; manner
- compulsive: Having difficulty to stop yourself doing something
- huge: Very very large
- effect: An advantage, benefit
- coordinate: To match styles or colors that go well together
- tragedy: Play that has a sad ending with many deaths
- scam: A trick to fool other people to get their money
- lead: Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
- respect: To follow the established rules
- sink: To push something down into the ground
- mitigate: To make less severe or serious
- briefly: Using little time or resources
- previously: At an earlier time
- movement: Part of a piece of classical music
- activity: An action or task, e.g. sports, washing clothes
- frequency: Number of repetitions of (radio or sound) wave
- moment: Very short or brief period of time
- chemical: Basic substance produced by mixing elements
- strengthen: To make something stronger
- investigation: Search for information about something
- bill: Plan for a new law being discussed by a government
- scandal: Unacceptable/immoral event causing public shock
- control: A device designed to operate a machine
- committee: Group of people who do or decide something
- steal: A bargain; something bought very cheaply
- pornography: Pictures or stories that stimulate sexual desire
- prescribe: (Of doctors) to say what medicine should be taken
- worse: Comparative of 'bad'; more bad
- drive: A person's ambition and motivation to do something
- change: To exchange one set of clothes for another
- medication: Substance to relieve pain or cure sickness
- approve: To formally accept something or grant permission
- drug: Illegal substance taken for effect on the mind
- lie: To be in a horizontal or flat position
- start: First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
- repeatedly: (Said, done) many times; over and over
- ridge: Edge where two leaning surfaces meet
- gamble: To play games to win money
- considerably: Quite a lot; to a large degree
- extensively: Very much or often; to a large degree
- averse: Averse to feeling strong dislike for
- breakup: End of a relationship often due to troubles
- commonality: Sharing of common features
- deceitful: Intended to deceive; tending to lie
- solicitor: Type of lawyer who does not speak in court
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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80
Warning over prescription drugs causing impulsive behaviour | BBC News
0
林宜悉 posted on 2026/02/13Did you know some prescription drugs can surprisingly lead to impulsive behaviors like gambling or hypersexuality? This BBC News investigation dives deep into the world of dopamine agonists, revealing their impact on patients and families, and you'll pick up some advanced vocabulary along the way!
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