Vocabulary

  • on top of that: In addition to something already mentioned; furthermore.
  • in the future: At a later time; in times to come.
  • think of: To look on as (being something specific); consider
  • energy level: A measure of a person's physical or mental vitality.
  • seek out: To look for and find someone or something, especially when it is not easy to find.
  • make up: To invent or create a story
  • suffer from: To experience pain or distress; to be badly affected by.
  • for example: As an illustration or instance.
  • on the line: At risk; in a situation where something could be lost.
  • get after: To talk to in order to get someone to do something
  • black eye: A bruise around the eye, typically caused by a blow.
  • in detail: Thoroughly and completely; giving full particulars.
  • on the other hand : Considering a different aspect of the matter; alternatively.
  • work out
  • from time to time: Occasionally; sometimes but not regularly.
  • as well as: Also; in addition to
  • of course: Sure ; Certainly
  • look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
  • in the end: Finally; after a period of time or series of events.
  • care of: Used in an address to indicate the person who will receive the mail for someone else.
  • work together: To collaborate or cooperate with others to achieve a common goal.
  • sign up to: To register for something, like a service or a course.
  • check out
  • literally: In a literal manner or sense; exactly as stated.
  • specific: Precise; particular; just about that thing
  • immune: Having a special protection from, e.g. the law
  • permanent: Lasting forever; not temporary or changing
  • fragile: Easily affected, broken, or harmed
  • impact: A striking effect or result to hit with force
  • spectrum: The wavelengths of colors from red to violet
  • sense: Certain mental feeling or emotion
  • resilient: Recovering quickly from something bad
  • consume: To eat, drink, buy or use up something
  • disease: Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
  • climate: Typical weather conditions in a particular place
  • imagine: To think creatively about; form mental picture of
  • evolutionary: Concerning gradual change over time
  • tiny: Very, very small
  • cause: Belief, goal or organization that people support
  • require: To demand that someone does something
  • digestion: Process of changing eaten food for use in the body
  • release: To free someone from a responsibility or burden
  • vaccine: Shot using weak disease cells to stop same disease
  • survive: To continue to live despite illness or trouble
  • permanently: For a long time; always
  • humanity: Quality of being understanding or sympathetic
  • rest: Time when one relaxes, sleeps, or is inactive
  • tissue: Substance formed by cells of living thing; flesh
  • respond: To answer something or someone
  • infection: (Computers) Having a computer virus
  • project: To predict what will happen in the future
  • mild: Gentle in nature or behavior
  • coronavirus: Any of a group of RNA viruses that cause a variety of diseases in humans and other animals.
  • invasion: Entry into a place to cause harm
  • activate: To cause to happen; cause a chemical reaction
  • cement: Building material made from gray powder, water
  • notice: To become aware by sight, touch, or hearing
  • hack: To illegally access someone else's computer
  • defense: Argument in support of something
  • lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • carbon: Chemical element with an atomic number of 6
  • sign: Indication that something exists or will happen
  • complement: To go with so as to make the whole complete
  • scar: Long lasting emotional pain from a bad experience
  • learn: To get knowledge or skills by study or experience
  • system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
  • civilian: Ordinary person who is not in the army
  • defend: To protect and explain your position in court
  • natural: Being as one would expect; being usual or normal
  • fill: To make something full
  • offset: To compensate for or counterbalance the effect of
  • protect: To defend someone or something from harm or danger
  • footprint: Mark left by a foot of an animal or human
  • fast: In a way that is difficult to move or change
  • collagen: Type of protein that is often used in skin cream and in plastic surgery because it makes skin look younger
  • amino: Of some substances that form proteins
  • extensively: Very much or often; to a large degree
  • flu: Illness causing headache, fever etc.
  • depress: To make someone feel sad or miserable
  • bacterial: Concerning or caused by bacteria
  • mobilization: (Of army) act of getting ready for action
  • wren: Person's name
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    • activate

      US /ˈæktəˌvet/

      UK /ˈæktɪveɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause to happen; cause a chemical reaction
      • To make something start working
      B1
      More
    • amino

      US /ə'miːnəʊ/

      UK /ə'miːnəʊ/

      • Noun
      • Of some substances that form proteins
      C2
      More
    • as well as

      US /æz wɛl æz/

      UK /æz wel æz/

      • Adverb
      • Also; in addition to
      • Preposition
      • In addition to; and also.
      A1
      More
    • bacterial

      US /bæk'tɪərɪrl/

      UK /bæk'tɪərɪəl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning or caused by bacteria
      B2
      More
    • black eye

      US /blæk aɪ/

      UK /blæk ai/

      • Noun
      • A bruise around the eye, typically caused by a blow.
      A1
      More
    • carbon

      US /ˈkɑrbən/

      UK /'kɑ:bən/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Chemical element with an atomic number of 6
      B1
      More
    • care of

      US /kɛr ʌv/

      UK /kɛə ɔv/

      • Preposition
      • Used in an address to indicate the person who will receive the mail for someone else.
      A2
      More
    • cause

      US /kɔz/

      UK /kɔ:z/

      • Noun
      • Belief, goal or organization that people support
      • Reason for
      • Transitive Verb
      • To make something happen; create effect or result
      A2
      More
    • cement

      US /sɪˈmɛnt/

      UK /sɪ'ment/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Building material made from gray powder, water
      • Transitive Verb
      • To bind or hold together strongly
      • To make something more stable or stronger
      B1
      More
    • check out

      US /tʃɛk aʊt/

      UK /tʃek aut/

      • Phrase
      • Phrasal Verb
      • To find out information about something
      • To take books out of a library
      A1
      More
    • civilian

      US /sɪˈvɪljən/

      UK /sə'vɪlɪən/

      • Countable Noun
      • Ordinary person who is not in the army
      • Adjective
      • Relating to civilians; not military.
      B2
      More
    • climate

      US /ˈklaɪmɪt/

      UK /ˈklaɪmət/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Typical weather conditions in a particular place
      • The general attitudes, feelings, or opinions that people have at a particular time.
      A2
      More
    • complement

      US /ˈkɑ:mplɪment/

      UK /ˈkɒmplɪment/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To go with so as to make the whole complete
      • To combine genetically to produce a normal phenotype.
      • Noun
      • (Linguistics) set of words completing a sentence
      • Something needed to complete or make perfect
      B1
      More
    • consume

      US /kənˈsum/

      UK /kən'sju:m/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To eat, drink, buy or use up something
      • To take all your energy; focus the attention
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • defend

      US /dɪˈfɛnd/

      UK /dɪ'fend/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To protect and explain your position in court
      • To protect against an attack
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • defense

      US /dɪˈfɛns/

      UK /dɪ'fens/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Argument in support of something
      • The process of protecting something from attack
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • depress

      US /dɪˈprɛs/

      UK /dɪ'pres/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To make someone feel sad or miserable
      • To push something down
      B2
      More
    • digestion

      US /daɪˈdʒɛstʃən, dɪ-/

      UK /daɪˈdʒestʃən/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Process of changing eaten food for use in the body
      • The process of understanding new information
      B2
      More
    • disease

      US /dɪˈziz/

      UK /dɪˈzi:z/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
      • A disorder of structure or function in a plant, especially one caused by a pathogen.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To affect with disease; to corrupt or sicken.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • energy level

      US

      UK

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A measure of a person's physical or mental vitality.
      • A person's overall state of mind and enthusiasm.
      B1
      More
    • evolutionary

      US /ˌiːvəˈluːʃəneri/

      UK /ˌi:vəˈlu:ʃənri/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning gradual change over time
      B2
      More
    • extensively

      US /ɪkˈstɛnsɪvlɪ/

      UK /ɪk'stensɪvlɪ/

      • Adverb
      • Very much or often; to a large degree
      • In a widespread manner; to a great extent.
      B2
      More
    • flu

      US /flu/

      UK /flu:/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Illness causing headache, fever etc.
      • A specific instance or bout of influenza.
      B2
      More
    • footprint

      US /ˈfʊtˌprɪnt/

      UK /ˈfʊtprɪnt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Mark left by a foot of an animal or human
      • The effect a person or community has on the environment, expressed as the amount of carbon dioxide produced.
      C1
      More
    • for example

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • As an illustration or instance.
      More
    • fragile

      US /ˈfrædʒəl, -ˌaɪl/

      UK /'frædʒaɪl/

      • Adjective
      • Easily affected, broken, or harmed
      • Weak or delicate; easily damaged in health
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • from time to time

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Occasionally; sometimes but not regularly.
      • At intervals; now and then.
      A1
      More
    • get after

      US /ɡɛt ˈæftɚ/

      UK /ɡet ˈɑ:ftə/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To talk to in order to get someone to do something
      A1
      More
    • hack

      US /hæk/

      UK /hæk/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To illegally access someone else's computer
      • To cut away plants and branches to make a path
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Dry cough
      • Horse for hire to work or pull a vehicle for a fee
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • humanity

      US /hjuˈmænɪti/

      UK /hju:ˈmænəti/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Quality of being understanding or sympathetic
      • Compassionate behavior, especially towards those suffering.
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • All human beings collectively; the human race.
      A2
      More
    • immune

      US /ɪˈmjoon/

      UK /ɪˈmju:n/

      • Adjective
      • Having a special protection from, e.g. the law
      • Protected against a particular disease or condition because of antibodies or vaccination.
      B1
      More
    • impact

      US /ˈɪmˌpækt/

      UK /'ɪmpækt/

      • Noun
      • A striking effect or result to hit with force
      • Act or force of one thing hitting something else
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To hit or strike someone or something with force
      • To have a strong effect on someone or something.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • in detail

      US /ɪn dɪˈtel/

      UK /in ˈdi:teil/

      • Phrase
      • Thoroughly and completely; giving full particulars.
      A2
      More
    • in the end

      US /ɪn ði ɛnd/

      UK /in ðə end/

      • Phrase
      • Finally; after a period of time or series of events.
      • Ultimately; as the final result or consequence.
      A1
      More
    • in the future

      US /ɪn ði ˈfjutʃɚ/

      UK /in ðə ˈfju:tʃə/

      • Phrase
      • At a later time; in times to come.
      A1
      More
    • infection

      US /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/

      UK /ɪnˈfekʃn/

      • Noun
      • (Computers) Having a computer virus
      • Making or becoming sick with a bacteria/virus
      A2
      More
    • invasion

      US /ɪnˈveʒən/

      UK /ɪnˈveɪʒn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Entry into a place to cause harm
      • An unwelcome intrusion into another's domain.
      B1
      More
    • literally

      US /ˈlɪtərəli/

      UK

      • Adverb
      • In a literal manner or sense; exactly as stated.
      • Used for emphasis to describe something that is actually true, often to highlight surprise or intensity.
      B1
      More
    • look at

      US /lʊk æt/

      UK /luk æt/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use your eyes to focus on something
      • To focus your eyes on something carefully
      A1
      More
    • make up

      US /mek ʌp/

      UK /meik ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To invent or create a story
      • To add up to
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To invent a story, excuse, etc.
      • To compensate for something lost, missed, or deficient.
      A1
      More
    • mild

      US /maɪld/

      UK /maɪld/

      • Adjective
      • Gentle in nature or behavior
      • Being neither too cold nor too hot
      A2
      More
    • mobilization

      US /ˌmoʊbɪlaɪ'zeɪʃn/

      UK /ˌməʊbɪlaɪ'zeɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • (Of army) act of getting ready for action
      B2
      More
    • of course

      US /ʌv kɔː(r)s/

      UK /ɔv kɔː(r)s/

      • Adverb
      • Sure ; Certainly
      • Phrase
      • For sure; certainly
      A2
      More
    • offset

      US /ˈɔ:fset/

      UK /ˈɒfset/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To compensate for or counterbalance the effect of
      • Noun
      • Compensation or counterbalance
      • A printing technique in which the image is transferred to a rubber surface and then to paper.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • on the line

      US /ɑn ði laɪn/

      UK /ɔn ðə lain/

      • Phrase
      • At risk; in a situation where something could be lost.
      • Having a great deal of responsibility.
      A1
      More
    • on the other hand

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Considering a different aspect of the matter; alternatively.
      A1
      More
    • on top of that

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • In addition to something already mentioned; furthermore.
      A1
      More
    • permanent

      US /ˈpɚmənənt/

      UK /'pɜ:mənənt/

      • Adjective
      • Lasting forever; not temporary or changing
      • Intended to last or remain for an unlimited period
      • Noun
      • A person who is a permanent employee.
      • A chemical treatment to create lasting curls or waves in the hair.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • permanently

      US /ˈpəmənəntlɪ/

      UK /'pɜ:mənəntlɪ/

      • Adverb
      • For a long time; always
      • In a way that is firmly or securely fixed in place.
      B1
      More
    • release

      US /rɪ'li:s/

      UK /rɪ'li:s/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To free someone from a responsibility or burden
      • To allow a film, music etc. to be sold/distributed
      • Noun
      • Act of freeing someone from a duty or burden
      • Introduction of a new product, film, book, etc.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • require

      US /rɪˈkwaɪr/

      UK /rɪ'kwaɪə(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To demand that someone does something
      • To need to do something, to make it necessary
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • resilient

      US /rɪˈzɪljənt/

      UK /rɪ'zɪlɪənt/

      • Adjective
      • Recovering quickly from something bad
      • Able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions.
      B2
      More
    • respond

      US /rɪˈspɑnd/

      UK /rɪ'spɒnd/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To answer something or someone
      • To have a good reaction to e.g. medical treatment
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • scar

      US /skɑr/

      UK /skɑ:(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Long lasting emotional pain from a bad experience
      • A mark on something made by scratching it
      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause long lasting emotional pain
      • To leave a mark on something by scratching it
      B1
      More
    • seek out

      US /sik aʊt/

      UK /si:k aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To look for and find someone or something, especially when it is not easy to find.
      B2
      More
    • sign up to

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To register for something, like a service or a course.
      A1
      More
    • specific

      US /spɪˈsɪfɪk/

      UK /spəˈsɪfɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Precise; particular; just about that thing
      • Concerning one particular thing or kind of thing
      A2
      More
    • spectrum

      US /ˈspɛktrəm/

      UK /'spektrəm/

      • Noun
      • The wavelengths of colors from red to violet
      • a range of different positions, opinions, etc. between two extreme points
      B1
      More
    • suffer from

      US /ˈsʌfɚ frʌm/

      UK /ˈsʌfə frɔm/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To experience pain or distress; to be badly affected by.
      A1
      More
    • survive

      US /sɚˈvaɪv/

      UK /sə'vaɪv/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To continue to live despite illness or trouble
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • think of

      US /θɪŋk ʌv/

      UK /θiŋk ɔv/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To look on as (being something specific); consider
      • To consider or remember something.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To imagine or call something to mind
      A1
      More
    • tiny

      US /ˈtaɪni/

      UK /'taɪnɪ/

      • Adjective
      • Very, very small
      A2
      More
    • tissue

      US /ˈtɪʃu/

      UK /ˈtɪʃu:/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Substance formed by cells of living thing; flesh
      • Kind of thin, light paper used to pack objects
      A2
      More
    • vaccine

      US /vækˈsin,ˈvækˌsin/

      UK /'væksi:n/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Shot using weak disease cells to stop same disease
      • A preparation of weakened or killed microorganisms, or of antigenic proteins derived from them, used to induce protective immunity in animals.
      B2
      More
    • work out

      US /wɚk aʊt/

      UK /wə:k aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To find a way to do something, by thinking
      A1
      More
    • work together

      US /wɚk təˈɡɛðɚ/

      UK /wə:k təˈɡeðə/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To collaborate or cooperate with others to achieve a common goal.
      A1
      More
    • wren

      US

      UK

      • Proper Noun
      • Person's name
      • Noun
      • A small brown songbird from the Americas
      B2
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B1
    #immune#immune system#system#disease#infection#damage

    What Actually Happens When You Are Sick?

    0
    林宜悉 posted on 2026/01/24
    Ever wondered what's *really* going on inside your body when you get sick? This fascinating video from Kurzgesagt breaks down the science behind your immune system's battle, explaining everything from cytokine storms to immune memory. You'll pick up some awesome advanced vocabulary while learning exactly how your body fights off invaders!

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