Vocabulary

  • for example: As an illustration or instance.
  • used to: Did regularly before, but don't do now
  • over time: Gradually; as time passes.
  • in return: As a reciprocal action or gesture; in exchange or repayment.
  • feel sorry for: To experience sympathy or pity for someone.
  • rather than: More exactly; more correctly
  • look into: To investigate or try to discover the reasons for
  • lead to: To result in some action
  • behind the scenes: Secretly or without being known to the public.
  • on top of that: In addition to something already mentioned; furthermore.
  • mess up: To make a mistake
  • at work: Located at one's place of employment
  • see through: To realize the truth about
  • in the world: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, or disbelief.
  • spill the beans: To reveal a secret or private information, often unintentionally.
  • mess with: To interfere with or tamper with something.
  • throw out: To make someone leave, because of bad behavior
  • want in: To desire to participate or be included in something.
  • in mind: Being aware of or considering something.
  • give and take
  • feel like: To have a desire or inclination for something.
  • vulnerable: Being open to attack or damage
  • subscribe: To regularly pay to receive a service
  • perception: Way in which one sees or understands something
  • phenomenon: Unusual event, fact that can be studied
  • subtle: Delicate or slight so it is difficult to perceive
  • mental: Concerning the mind
  • deliberately: In a careful, considered manner; on purpose
  • positive: Showing agreement or support for something
  • campaign: To work in an organized, active way towards a goal
  • advantage: Thing making the chance of success higher
  • psychological: Concerning the study of the mind
  • spot: A certain place or area
  • reputation: Common opinion that people have about someone
  • manipulate: To try to control others to gain an advantage
  • mess: Something that is untidy, dirty or unclean
  • scratch: To rub your skin with your nails to stop an itch
  • harsh: Rough; tough; hard to experience or accept
  • imagine: To think creatively about; form mental picture of
  • proper: Correct according to social or moral rules
  • influence: To affect or change something indirectly
  • tendency: Likelihood to behave in a particular way
  • guilty: Responsible for doing something wrong
  • conduct: Your behavior
  • exploit: To selfishly take advantage of or treat badly
  • victim: Person/thing affected by an unpleasant event
  • leverage: An advantage which gives you influence or power
  • theory: Ideas or principles that explain facts or events
  • avoid: To prevent from happening
  • authority: The power to give orders to people
  • ignore: To not listen to, look at, or pay attention to
  • intentionally: With a plan to do or achieve something
  • behavior: The way a person or thing acts; manner
  • valuable: Being useful or important
  • tactic: One of the ways you attempt to achieve a strategy
  • steer: A cow
  • perpetual: Continuing forever
  • shape: The outer form of something, what it looks like
  • cautious: Careful about avoiding danger, problems
  • social: Involving activity with people, e.g. in free time
  • empower: To give someone a power or ability
  • important: Having power or authority
  • hit: To have a negative impact on a person/place/thing
  • kind: In a caring and helpful manner
  • control: A device designed to operate a machine
  • act: To behave in a certain way
  • information: Collection of facts and details about something
  • change: To exchange one set of clothes for another
  • set: Prepared for something; ready
  • person: Man, woman or child
  • hide: To go to, or put a thing where it can't be found
  • make: To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • coercion: Forcing people to do things by threats or the law
  • smear: To cover a surface with something sticky
  • overt: Obvious; easily seen or noticed; explicit
  • brownie: A chocolate, cake-like dessert or cookie
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    • advantage

      US /ædˈvæntɪdʒ/

      UK /əd'vɑ:ntɪdʒ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Thing making the chance of success higher
      • A positive point about something
      • Transitive Verb
      • To make use of something, especially to further one's own position; exploit.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • at work

      US /æt wɚk/

      UK /æt wə:k/

      • Phrase
      • Located at one's place of employment
      A1
      More
    • authority

      US /əˈθɔrɪti, əˈθɑr-, ɔˈθɔr-, ɔˈθɑr-/

      UK /ɔ:ˈθɒrəti/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • The power to give orders to people
      • Person who is an expert on a particular topic
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • avoid

      US /əˈvɔɪd/

      UK /ə'vɔɪd/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To prevent from happening
      • To stay away from
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • behind the scenes

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Secretly or without being known to the public.
      • In a position to influence events without any public knowledge.
      A1
      More
    • brownie

      US /ˈbraʊni/

      UK /'braʊnɪ/

      • Countable Noun
      • A chocolate, cake-like dessert or cookie
      B2
      More
    • campaign

      US /kæmˈpen/

      UK /kæm'peɪn/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To work in an organized, active way towards a goal
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Series of actions meant to achieve a goal
      • A planned set of military activities intended to achieve a particular objective.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • cautious

      US /ˈkɔʃəs/

      UK /ˈkɔ:ʃəs/

      • Adjective
      • Careful about avoiding danger, problems
      B2
      More
    • coercion

      US /koˈə:ʒən,-ʃən/

      UK /kəʊ'ɜ:ʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Forcing people to do things by threats or the law
      B2
      More
    • conduct

      US / kənˈdʌkt/

      UK /kənˈdʌkt/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Your behavior
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To behave in a certain way; e.g. at a party
      • To let electricity or heat travel through
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • deliberately

      US /dɪˈlɪbərɪtlɪ/

      UK /dɪˈlɪbərətli/

      • Adverb
      • In a careful, considered manner; on purpose
      • Purposely; on purpose
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • empower

      US /ɛmˈpaʊɚ/

      UK /ɪm'paʊə(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To give someone a power or ability
      B2
      More
    • exploit

      US /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/

      UK /ɪk'splɔɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To selfishly take advantage of or treat badly
      • To use something in a very effective manner
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Personal journey or series of events
      • A bold or daring feat.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • feel like

      US

      UK

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To have a desire or inclination for something.
      • To have a particular quality or sensation; resemble.
      A1
      More
    • feel sorry for

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To experience sympathy or pity for someone.
      A1
      More
    • for example

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • As an illustration or instance.
      More
    • give and take

      US /ɡɪv ənd tek/

      UK /ɡiv ænd teik/

      • Phrase
      A1
      More
    • guilty

      US /ˈɡɪlti/

      UK /'ɡɪltɪ/

      • Adjective
      • Responsible for doing something wrong
      • Feeling or showing guilt; having a sense of remorse.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • harsh

      US /hɑrʃ/

      UK /hɑ:ʃ/

      • Adjective
      • Rough; tough; hard to experience or accept
      • Being severe and unkind
      B1
      More
    • ignore

      US /ɪɡˈnɔr, -ˈnor/

      UK /ɪɡ'nɔ:(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To not listen to, look at, or pay attention to
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • in mind

      US /ɪn maɪnd/

      UK /in maind/

      • Phrase
      • Being aware of or considering something.
      • To remember or consider something.
      A2
      More
    • in return

      US /ɪn rɪˈtɚn/

      UK /in riˈtə:n/

      • Adverb
      • As a reciprocal action or gesture; in exchange or repayment.
      • Phrase
      • As compensation or consideration for something.
      • As a reaction or response to something.
      A1
      More
    • in the world

      US /ɪn ði wɜrld/

      UK /in ðə wɜː(r)ld/

      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, or disbelief.
      • Used to indicate the extent or degree of something, often in a superlative sense.
      A1
      More
    • influence

      US / ˈɪnfluəns/

      UK /'ɪnflʊəns/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To affect or change something indirectly
      • To persuade someone to do something.
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • The power to affect what happens, to persuade etc.
      • A person or thing that affects someone or something in an important way.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • intentionally

      US /ɪnˈtɛnʃənl:ɪ/

      UK /ɪn'tenʃənəlɪ/

      • Adverb
      • With a plan to do or achieve something
      • In a deliberate and purposeful manner.
      B1
      More
    • lead to

      US /lid tu/

      UK /li:d tu:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To result in some action
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To have something as a consequence or result.
      A1
      More
    • leverage

      US /ˈlɛvərɪdʒ, ˈlivə-/

      UK /'li:vərɪdʒ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • An advantage which gives you influence or power
      • An advantage gained through the use of resources or a strategic position
      • Transitive Verb
      • To use an advantage which gives you influence
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • look into

      US /lʊk ˈɪntu/

      UK /luk ˈɪntuː/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To investigate or try to discover the reasons for
      A1
      More
    • manipulate

      US /məˈnɪpjəˌlet/

      UK /mə'nɪpjʊleɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To try to control others to gain an advantage
      • To handle or work in a skillful manner
      B1
      More
    • mental

      US /ˈmɛntl/

      UK /ˈmentl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning the mind
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • mess

      US /mɛs/

      UK /mes/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Something that is untidy, dirty or unclean
      • A difficult or confused situation.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To make something untidy or dirty
      A2
      More
    • mess up

      US /mɛs ʌp/

      UK /mes ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To make a mistake
      • To make something untidy or dirty.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To make something untidy or dirty.
      • To spoil or ruin something.
      A2
      More
    • mess with

      US

      UK

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To interfere with or tamper with something.
      • To provoke or annoy someone.
      • Phrasal Verb
      • To interfere with or tamper with something.
      • To tease, provoke, or annoy someone.
      B1
      More
    • on top of that

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • In addition to something already mentioned; furthermore.
      A1
      More
    • over time

      US /ˈovɚ taɪm/

      UK /ˈəuvə taim/

      • Phrase
      • Gradually; as time passes.
      • During a long period.
      • Adverb
      • Gradually; as time passes.
      B1
      More
    • overt

      US /oˈvɚt, ˈoˌvɚt/

      UK /ˈəuvə:t/

      • Adjective
      • Obvious; easily seen or noticed; explicit
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • perception

      US /pɚˈsɛpʃən/

      UK /pəˈsepʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Way in which one sees or understands something
      • The ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses.
      B1
      More
    • perpetual

      US /pərˈpetʃuəl/

      UK /pəˈpetʃuəl/

      • Adjective
      • Continuing forever
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • phenomenon

      US /fɪˈnɑməˌnɑn, -nən/

      UK /fə'nɒmɪnən/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Unusual event, fact that can be studied
      • Interesting or unusual person, group
      B1
      More
    • positive

      US /ˈpɑzɪtɪv/

      UK /ˈpɒzətɪv/

      • Adjective
      • Showing agreement or support for something
      • Being sure about something; knowing the truth
      • Noun
      • A photograph in which light areas are light and dark areas are dark
      A2
      More
    • proper

      US /ˈprɑpɚ/

      UK /'prɒpə(r)/

      • Adjective
      • Correct according to social or moral rules
      • Behaving in a polite and socially acceptable way.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • psychological

      US /ˌsaɪkəˈlɑdʒɪkəl/

      UK /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning the study of the mind
      • Relating to or involving the use of propaganda, threats, or other psychological techniques to subdue an opponent.
      A2
      More
    • rather than

      US

      UK

      • Adverb
      • More exactly; more correctly
      • Preferably; instead
      • Preposition
      • Instead of
      A1
      More
    • reputation

      US /ˌrɛpjəˈteʃən/

      UK /ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Common opinion that people have about someone
      • A widespread belief that someone or something has a particular characteristic.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • scratch

      US /skrætʃ/

      UK /skrætʃ/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To rub your skin with your nails to stop an itch
      • To make a small cut or mark on a surface
      • Noun
      • Action of rubbing your skin when itchy
      • A small cut or mark on a surface
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • see through

      US /si θru/

      UK /si: θru:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To realize the truth about
      • To continue doing something until it is finished, especially something difficult or unpleasant.
      A1
      More
    • smear

      US /smɪr/

      UK /smɪə(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cover a surface with something sticky
      • To say bad things about (someone's reputation)
      • Noun
      • A mark or stain from something wet and dirty
      B2
      More
    • spill the beans

      US

      UK

      • Idiom
      • To reveal a secret or private information, often unintentionally.
      A1
      More
    • spot

      US /spɑt/

      UK /spɒt/

      • Noun
      • A certain place or area
      • A difficult time; awkward situation
      • Transitive Verb
      • To see someone or something by chance
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • steer

      US /stɪr/

      UK /stɪə(r)/

      • Countable Noun
      • A cow
      • Transitive Verb
      • To control the direction in which something moves
      B1
      More
    • subscribe

      US /səbˈskraɪb/

      UK /səb'skraɪb/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To regularly pay to receive a service
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • subtle

      US /ˈsʌtl/

      UK /'sʌtl/

      • Adjective
      • Delicate or slight so it is difficult to perceive
      • Clever or indirect but hides the true purpose
      B1
      More
    • tactic

      US /ˈtæktɪk/

      UK /'tæktɪk/

      • Countable Noun
      • One of the ways you attempt to achieve a strategy
      B2
      More
    • tendency

      US /ˈtɛndənsi/

      UK /'tendənsɪ/

      • Noun
      • Likelihood to behave in a particular way
      A2
      More
    • theory

      US /ˈθiəri, ˈθɪri/

      UK /ˈθiəri/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Ideas or principles that explain facts or events
      • An idea or belief about something
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • throw out

      US /θro aʊt/

      UK /θrəu aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To make someone leave, because of bad behavior
      • To put in the garbage; discard
      A1
      More
    • used to

      US /juzd tu/

      UK /ˈju:st tə/

      • Adjective
      • Did regularly before, but don't do now
      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Have done before, but do not do now
      A1
      More
    • valuable

      US /ˈvæljuəbəl, ˈvæljə-/

      UK /ˈvæljuəbl/

      • Adjective
      • Being useful or important
      • Being worth a lot of money
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • victim

      US /ˈvɪktɪm/

      UK /ˈvɪktɪm/

      • Noun
      • Person/thing affected by an unpleasant event
      • Person feeling helpless in times of bad luck
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • vulnerable

      US /ˈvʌlnərəbəl/

      UK /ˈvʌlnərəbl/

      • Adjective
      • Being open to attack or damage
      • Being easily harmed, hurt, or wounded
      B1
      More
    • want in

      US

      UK

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To desire to participate or be included in something.
      A1
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B1
    #manipulation#manipulative#pity#information#smear#tactic

    Signs of Manipulation To Watch Out For

    0
    林宜悉 posted on 2025/08/25
    Ever feel like someone's playing mind games? This video dives into sneaky manipulation tactics like gaslighting and smear campaigns, giving you the tools to spot them! You'll boost your vocabulary with terms like 'scotomization' and learn practical ways to set boundaries in daily life.

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