Vocabulary

  • such as: For example; like
  • gain access: To obtain the ability or right to enter or use something.
  • the following: Next in order or sequence.
  • also known as: Also called; alternatively named.
  • in order to: For the purpose of; with the aim of.
  • take down: To capture physically
  • denial of: The act of refusing to grant or allow something requested.
  • present: Being in attendance; being there; having turned up
  • access: Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
  • multiple: Having or involving more than one of something
  • physical: Health check at the doctors' or hospital
  • determine: To control exactly how something will be or act
  • force: Group of persons trained for military action; army
  • legitimate: Being born to legally married parents
  • failure: When things go wrong; lack of function
  • proper: Correct according to social or moral rules
  • crack: Attempt to achieve a goal or objective
  • exploit: To selfishly take advantage of or treat badly
  • victim: Person/thing affected by an unpleasant event
  • passive: Allowing things to happen with quiet acceptance
  • maintain: To keep saying something a certain way
  • sensitive: Taking offense easily; easily upset or hurt
  • direct: To tell someone in a very clear way to do something
  • numerous: Existing in large numbers
  • address: Exact street location of a place
  • session: Period of time used for a specific activity
  • simply: In an easy or clear manner
  • security: Department in a company in charge of protection
  • interrupt: To stop something from happening for a while
  • initiate: To cause something to begin
  • responsible: Being the cause of something that has occurred
  • strip: To remove your clothes (often sexily for someone)
  • capture: To attract and hold e.g. interest, attention
  • application: Software program, e.g. for smart phone
  • route: Way to get from one place to another place; path
  • sniff: To detect something, e.g. a potential problem
  • layer: One of several sheets of a material or object
  • gain: To increase in something, such as weight
  • source: Piece of information; a person giving information
  • fake: Not real; made to look like something real
  • sip: To drink just a little at a time
  • system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
  • operate: To control or handle something, such as a machine
  • information: Collection of facts and details about something
  • steal: A bargain; something bought very cheaply
  • flood: To quickly appear unexpectedly and in volume
  • middle: Place that is halfway between two things
  • protocol: Written agreement between countries
  • browse: To look around for things, e.g. in a bookstore
  • malicious: Intending to harm or hurt someone
  • include: To make someone, something part of a group
  • service: Work that a person does to assist others
  • design: To plan in a particular way to fulfill a purpose
  • answer: To reply to a question someone asks
  • software: Computer applications and systems
  • wireless: Needing no wires to make something operate
  • malware: Software containing virus or harmful code
  • depiction: Picture or a written description of something
  • cache: (Weapons etc.) which are hidden away illegally
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  • not found vocabularyNo vocabulary matches your filters
    • access

      US /ˈæksɛs/

      UK /'ækses/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
      • The opportunity or right to use something or to see someone.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To be able to use or have permission to use
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • also known as

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Also called; alternatively named.
      • Identified by another term; synonymous with.
      A1
      More
    • application

      US /ˌæplɪˈkeʃən/

      UK /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Software program, e.g. for smart phone
      • Process of spreading a substance over a surface
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • browse

      US /braʊz/

      UK /braʊz/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To look around for things, e.g. in a bookstore
      • To use a browser to view websites on the Internet.
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A collection of things to look through.
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • cache

      US /kæʃ/

      UK /kæʃ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • (Weapons etc.) which are hidden away illegally
      • Memory where webpages are kept until needed
      • Transitive Verb
      • To hide something, e.g. weapons or drugs
      B2
      More
    • capture

      US /ˈkæptʃɚ/

      UK /'kæptʃə(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To attract and hold e.g. interest, attention
      • To record, tape, or film something
      • Noun
      • The act of seizing or taking control of something.
      B1
      More
    • crack

      US /kræk/

      UK /kræk/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Attempt to achieve a goal or objective
      • Unexpected and hard hit to the body
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To attempt to achieve a goal or objective
      • To hit someone or something hard and unexpectedly
      B1
      More
    • denial of

      US

      UK

      • Uncountable Noun
      • The act of refusing to grant or allow something requested.
      • The act of stating that something is not true.
      More
    • depiction

      US /dɪˈpɪkʃən/

      UK /dɪ'pɪkʃn/

      • Noun
      • Picture or a written description of something
      B2
      More
    • determine

      US /dɪˈtɚmɪn/

      UK /dɪ'tɜ:mɪn/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To control exactly how something will be or act
      • To establish the facts about; discover
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • direct

      US /dɪˈrɛkt, daɪ-/

      UK /də'rekt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To tell someone in a very clear way to do something
      • To show the way by conducting or leading
      • Adverb
      • Coming straight from something
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • exploit

      US /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/

      UK /ɪk'splɔɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To selfishly take advantage of or treat badly
      • To use something in a very effective manner
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Personal journey or series of events
      • A bold or daring feat.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • fake

      US /fek/

      UK /feɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Not real; made to look like something real
      • Countable Noun
      • A copy of something made to trick people
      B1
      More
    • flood

      US /flʌd/

      UK /flʌd/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To quickly appear unexpectedly and in volume
      • (Of liquid) to fill or cover something completely
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A quick unexpectedly volume of something
      • Large number of people or things arriving at once
      B1
      More
    • gain

      US /ɡen/

      UK /ɡeɪn/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To increase in something, such as weight
      • To get something wanted, needed or valued
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • An increase in something, such as weight
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • gain access

      US

      UK

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To obtain the ability or right to enter or use something.
      B1
      More
    • in order to

      US /ɪn ˈɔrdɚ tu/

      UK /in ˈɔ:də tu:/

      • Preposition
      • For the purpose of; with the aim of.
      • Phrase
      • In a specific sequence or arrangement.
      • With the aim of; for the purpose of.
      C1
      More
    • initiate

      US /ɪˈnɪʃ.i.eɪt/

      UK /ɪˈnɪʃ.i.eɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause something to begin
      • To allow someone into a group by a special ceremony
      • Noun
      • A person who has been initiated into an organization or activity.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • interrupt

      US /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/

      UK /ˌɪntə'rʌpt/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To stop something from happening for a while
      • To stop someone from speaking by saying or doing something.
      • Noun
      • A signal that stops a computer from working on one thing and starts it working on something else.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • layer

      US /ˈleɚ/

      UK /ˈleiə/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • One of several sheets of a material or object
      • A covering of something spread over a surface.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To put things one on top of another
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • legitimate

      US /ləˈdʒɪtəmɪt/

      UK /lɪ'dʒɪtɪmət/

      • Adjective
      • Being born to legally married parents
      • Being reasonable and sound
      • Transitive Verb
      • To make acceptable and sound
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • maintain

      US /menˈten/

      UK /meɪn'teɪn/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To keep saying something a certain way
      • To keep (machine) working by checking, repairing
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • malicious

      US /məˈlɪʃəs/

      UK /məˈlɪʃəs/

      • Adjective
      • Intending to harm or hurt someone
      B2
      More
    • malware

      US

      UK

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Software containing virus or harmful code
      C2
      More
    • multiple

      US /ˈmʌltəpəl/

      UK /ˈmʌltɪpl/

      • Adjective
      • Having or involving more than one of something
      • Having or involving several parts, elements, or members.
      • Countable Noun
      • Number produced by multiplying a smaller number
      • A number of identical circuit elements connected in parallel or series.
      B1
      More
    • numerous

      US /ˈnumərəs, ˈnju-/

      UK /ˈnju:mərəs/

      • Adjective
      • Existing in large numbers
      • Consisting of many things or people.
      B1
      More
    • passive

      US /ˈpæsɪv/

      UK /ˈpæsɪv/

      • Adjective
      • Allowing things to happen with quiet acceptance
      • With sentence's subject being what verb acts on
      • Noun
      • A person who is passive; one who does not actively participate or resist.
      B1
      More
    • physical

      US /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

      UK /ˈfɪzɪkl/

      • Countable Noun
      • Health check at the doctors' or hospital
      • Adjective
      • Concerning the body of a person
      • Concerning things that can be seen or touched
      A2
      More
    • proper

      US /ˈprɑpɚ/

      UK /'prɒpə(r)/

      • Adjective
      • Correct according to social or moral rules
      • Behaving in a polite and socially acceptable way.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • protocol

      US /ˈprotəˌkɔl, -ˌkol, -ˌkɑl/

      UK /'prəʊtəkɒl/

      • Noun
      • Written agreement between countries
      • Set of rules computers use to exchange data
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • responsible

      US / rɪˈspɑnsəbəl/

      UK /rɪ'spɒnsəbl/

      • Adjective
      • Being the cause of something that has occurred
      • Having the duty of dealing with something
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • route

      US /rut, raʊt/

      UK /ru:t/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Way to get from one place to another place; path
      • Path or way that people often use
      • Transitive Verb
      • To send along a particular path or way
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • security

      US /sɪˈkjʊrɪti/sə'kjurətɪ/

      UK /sɪ'kjʊərətɪ/

      • Noun
      • Department in a company in charge of protection
      • Financial document, like stocks, bonds and notes
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • sensitive

      US /ˈsɛnsɪtɪv/

      UK /'sensətɪv/

      • Adjective
      • Taking offense easily; easily upset or hurt
      • (Private information) needing careful treatment
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • session

      US /ˈsɛʃən/

      UK /ˈseʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Period of time used for a specific activity
      • Series of meetings for e.g. a court, legislature
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • sip

      US /sɪp/

      UK /sɪp/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To drink just a little at a time
      B1
      More
    • sniff

      US /snɪf/

      UK /snɪf/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To detect something, e.g. a potential problem
      • To breathe in noisily through nose, as when crying
      • Noun
      • A noisy breath through your nose
      B1
      More
    • source

      US /sɔrs, sors/

      UK /sɔ:s/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Piece of information; a person giving information
      • Place from which something necessary comes
      • Adjective
      • Produces or provides what is wanted or needed
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • strip

      US /strɪp/

      UK /strɪp/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To remove your clothes (often sexily for someone)
      • To remove something, e.g. paint from a wall
      • Countable Noun
      • Long narrow piece, such as ribbon or land
      B1
      More
    • such as

      US /sʌtʃ æz/

      UK /sʌtʃ æz/

      • Preposition
      • For example; like
      A1
      More
    • take down

      US /tek daʊn/

      UK /teik daun/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To capture physically
      • To break something into pieces, e.g. a radio
      A1
      More
    • the following

      US

      UK

      • Adjective
      • Next in order or sequence.
      • Uncountable Noun
      • What is about to be said or written.
      B1
      More
    • victim

      US /ˈvɪktɪm/

      UK /ˈvɪktɪm/

      • Noun
      • Person/thing affected by an unpleasant event
      • Person feeling helpless in times of bad luck
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • wireless

      US /ˈwaɪrlɪs/

      UK /'waɪələs/

      • Adjective
      • Needing no wires to make something operate
      B2
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B1
    #layer#attack#network#osi#session#malicious

    IT Security Tutorial - Comparing attack methods by OSI layer

    0
    林宜悉 posted on 2025/08/04
    Ever wondered how hackers target networks? This video breaks down common attack methods by OSI layer, from physical theft to session hijacking! You'll pick up tons of advanced IT security vocabulary and practical knowledge that's super useful for professionals.

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