Vocabulary

  • have to: Must do
  • in return: As a reciprocal action or gesture; in exchange or repayment.
  • for example: As an illustration or instance.
  • come about: To turn a boat around; (of boat) to turn around
  • side with: To support one person or group against another in a disagreement.
  • such as: For example; like
  • at some point: At an unspecified time, usually in the future.
  • aside from
  • depending on: To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
  • for certain: Definitely; without a doubt.
  • family members: People related by blood, marriage, or adoption.
  • outside of: Located or situated beyond the boundaries or confines of something.
  • improve on: To make something better than it was before.
  • intense: Very strong, great or extreme in degree
  • conscious: Aware of what is going on around you
  • struggle: To try very hard to do something difficult
  • essential: Extremely or most important and necessary
  • immune: Having a special protection from, e.g. the law
  • extremely: In a way that is much more than usual or expected
  • engage: To start to fight with an enemy
  • reveal: To show something that was hidden before
  • empathy: Understanding how other people feel/suffer
  • practice: The office and place for legal or medical work
  • trauma: A very severe or upsetting experience
  • embrace: Act of holding someone closely
  • improve: To make, or become, something better
  • tend: To move or act in a certain manner
  • encounter: To come up against a problem or trouble; meet
  • sense: Certain mental feeling or emotion
  • emotional: Causing, feeling, or appealing to the emotions
  • psychology: The study of the mind and how it affects behavior
  • reward: To give something because of someone's good work
  • enthusiastic: Excited and interested in something
  • reflect: To indicate or be a sign of something
  • drain: Hole or pipe that water, waste etc. flows into
  • lack: To not have, or not have enough, of something
  • overcome: To succeed in a struggle against; defeat
  • disrupt: To cause a disturbance in an activity in progress
  • affect: To cause a change in something else
  • toll: Sound that a big bell makes, when it is rung
  • abuse: To mistreat or be cruel towards someone
  • brain: To strike someone forcefully on the head
  • personality: Way someone is or reacts to life or other people
  • genetic: Of, relating to, or controlled by genes
  • neglect: Act of failing to do something important, required
  • journal: A diary; record of what you do every day
  • reason: To think and make conclusions in a logical manner
  • relief: Aid given to people in need as after war/disaster
  • peer: A noble, but not royal, person, e.g. lord or duke
  • amygdala: Almond-shaped structure in the brain's anterior
  • leave: To go away from; depart
  • social: Involving activity with people, e.g. in free time
  • gauge: A tool used to measure things
  • receive: To get something someone has given or sent to you
  • bully: a person who habitually seeks to harm or intimidate those whom they perceive as vulnerable
  • friction: Disagreement between two or more people
  • cluster: To come together in a group, flock etc.
  • empathize: To imagine or understand how others feel
  • overly: To a degree exceeding normal or proper limits
  • narcissism: Being in love with yourself, your own appearance
  • empathetic: Exhibiting deep emotional understanding
  • point: An item to be discussed
  • despise: To have no respect whatsoever for a person/thing
  • remember: To give someone a gift, e.g. birthday, wedding
  • person: Man, woman or child
  • difficult: Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it
  • hard: Difficult to do; difficult to understand
  • opposition: Act of disagreeing or trying to stop something
  • annoy: To make someone angry
  • burn: To destroy with fire
  • donate: To give money, etc. to charity, party, etc.
  • apathy: Feeling of indifference; not caring about anything
  • bombard: To attack with weapons
  • childhood: The time when you are a child
  • obstruction: Any structure that makes progress difficult
  • grieve: To feel great sadness, as when someone dies
  • breakup: End of a relationship often due to troubles
  • foundational: Being the base or important starting point
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    • abuse

      US /əˈbjuz/

      UK /ə'bju:s/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To mistreat or be cruel towards someone
      • To use in an inappropriate or excessive way
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Improper/dishonest/excessive use of something
      • Insulting someone, e.g. by swearing at them
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • affect

      US /əˈfɛkt/

      UK /ə'fekt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause a change in something else
      • To pretend to have or feel (something).
      • Noun
      • (Psychology) Emotion or feeling.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • apathy

      US /ˈæpəθi/

      UK /ˈæpəθi/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Feeling of indifference; not caring about anything
      B2
      More
    • aside from

      US /əˈsaɪd frʌm/

      UK /əˈsaid frɔm/

      • Phrase
      A1
      More
    • at some point

      US /æt sʌm pɔɪnt/

      UK /æt sʌm pɔint/

      • Phrase
      • At an unspecified time, usually in the future.
      A1
      More
    • bombard

      US /bɑmˈbɑrd, ˈbɑmˌbɑrd/

      UK /bɒm'bɑ:d/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To attack with weapons
      • To criticize heavily
      C1
      More
    • breakup

      US /ˈbrekˌʌp/

      UK /'breɪk'ʌp/

      • Noun
      • End of a relationship often due to troubles
      • Interruption or disintegration, especially of a radio signal.
      C2
      More
    • bully

      US /ˈbʊli/

      UK /'bʊlɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • a person who habitually seeks to harm or intimidate those whom they perceive as vulnerable
      • A person who uses superior strength or influence to intimidate others.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • seek to harm, intimidate, or coerce (someone perceived as vulnerable)
      B2
      More
    • childhood

      US /ˈtʃaɪldˌhʊd/

      UK /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • The time when you are a child
      B1
      More
    • cluster

      US /ˈklʌstɚ/

      UK /'klʌstə(r)/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To come together in a group, flock etc.
      • Countable Noun
      • A small group of things
      B1
      More
    • come about

      US /kʌm əˈbaʊt/

      UK /kʌm əˈbaut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To turn a boat around; (of boat) to turn around
      • To take place; happen
      A1
      More
    • conscious

      US /ˈkɑnʃəs/

      UK /ˈkɒnʃəs/

      • Adjective
      • Aware of what is going on around you
      • Intentionally done; deliberate.
      A2
      More
    • depending on

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
      • Influenced or determined by.
      • Preposition
      • Subject to; contingent on
      • Relying on someone or something for support or assistance.
      A2
      More
    • despise

      US /dɪˈspaɪz/

      UK /dɪ'spaɪz/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To have no respect whatsoever for a person/thing
      B2
      More
    • disrupt

      US /dɪsˈrʌpt/

      UK /dɪsˈrʌpt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause a disturbance in an activity in progress
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • donate

      US /ˈdoˌnet, doˈnet/

      UK /dəʊ'neɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To give money, etc. to charity, party, etc.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • drain

      US /dren/

      UK /dreɪn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Hole or pipe that water, waste etc. flows into
      • Something that depletes resources or energy.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To empty or remove liquid from
      • To use up the energy/ money/power of something
      B1
      More
    • embrace

      US /ɛmˈbres/

      UK /ɪm'breɪs/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Act of holding someone closely
      • An act of accepting or supporting something willingly and enthusiastically.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To hold closely; cuddle, kiss or hug
      • To accept something enthusiastically.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • emotional

      US /ɪˈmoʃənəl/

      UK /ɪˈməʊʃənl/

      • Adjective
      • Causing, feeling, or appealing to the emotions
      • Relating to or characterized by emotion
      A2
      More
    • empathetic

      US /empə'θetɪk/

      UK /empə'θetɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Exhibiting deep emotional understanding
      B2
      More
    • empathize

      US /ˈɛmpəˌθaɪz/

      UK /'empəθaɪz/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To imagine or understand how others feel
      B2
      More
    • empathy

      US /ˈɛmpəθi/

      UK /ˈempəθi/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Understanding how other people feel/suffer
      • The ability to understand and share the feelings of another, especially when those feelings are negative or painful
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • encounter

      US /ɛnˈkaʊntɚ/

      UK /ɪn'kaʊntə(r)/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To come up against a problem or trouble; meet
      • To meet someone or something unexpectedly
      • Noun
      • A chance meeting; unexpected or unplanned meeting
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • engage

      US /ɪn'gedʒ/

      UK /ɪn'ɡeɪdʒ/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To start to fight with an enemy
      • To hire someone for a task or job
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • enthusiastic

      US /ɛnˌθuziˈæstɪk/

      UK /ɪnˌθju:ziˈæstɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Excited and interested in something
      • Showing active interest and support.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • essential

      US /ɪˈsɛnʃəl/

      UK /ɪ'senʃl/

      • Adjective
      • Extremely or most important and necessary
      • Fundamental; basic.
      • Noun
      • A concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from plants.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • extremely

      US /ɪk'strimlɪ/

      UK /ɪkˈstri:mli/

      • Adverb
      • In a way that is much more than usual or expected
      • Remarkably; unusually.
      B1
      More
    • family members

      US

      UK

      • Noun (plural)
      • People related by blood, marriage, or adoption.
      A1
      More
    • for certain

      US /fɔr ˈsɚtn/

      UK /fɔ: ˈsə:tn/

      • Idiom
      • Definitely; without a doubt.
      • Phrase
      • Without any doubt; definitely.
      More
    • for example

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • As an illustration or instance.
      More
    • foundational

      US /faʊn'deɪʃənəl/

      UK /faʊn'deɪʃənəl/

      • Adjective
      • Being the base or important starting point
      C1
      More
    • friction

      US /ˈfrɪkʃən/

      UK /ˈfrɪkʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Disagreement between two or more people
      • Force preventing motion between bodies in contact
      B2
      More
    • gauge

      US /ɡedʒ/

      UK /ɡeɪdʒ/

      • Countable Noun
      • A tool used to measure things
      • The distance between the rails of a railway track.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To measure or make a judgment about something
      • To assess or estimate (a situation or person's feelings).
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • genetic

      US /dʒəˈnɛtɪk/

      UK /dʒəˈnetɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Of, relating to, or controlled by genes
      • Relating to genes or heredity.
      B1
      More
    • grieve

      US /ɡriv/

      UK /ɡri:v/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To feel great sadness, as when someone dies
      B2
      More
    • have to

      US /hæv tu/

      UK /ˈhæv tə/

      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Must do
      A1
      More
    • immune

      US /ɪˈmjoon/

      UK /ɪˈmju:n/

      • Adjective
      • Having a special protection from, e.g. the law
      • Protected against a particular disease or condition because of antibodies or vaccination.
      B1
      More
    • improve on

      US /ɪmˈpruv ɑn/

      UK /imˈpru:v ɒn/

      • other
      • To make something better than it was before.
      B1
      More
    • in return

      US /ɪn rɪˈtɚn/

      UK /in riˈtə:n/

      • Adverb
      • As a reciprocal action or gesture; in exchange or repayment.
      • Phrase
      • As compensation or consideration for something.
      • As a reaction or response to something.
      A1
      More
    • intense

      US /ɪnˈtɛns/

      UK /ɪn'tens/

      • Adjective
      • Very strong, great or extreme in degree
      • Experiencing or showing great force or strength; extreme.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • journal

      US /ˈdʒɚnəl/

      UK /ˈdʒə:nl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A diary; record of what you do every day
      • Magazine of academic papers
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • lack

      US /læk/

      UK /læk/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To not have, or not have enough, of something
      • Uncountable Noun
      • The state of not having or not having enough of
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • narcissism

      US /ˈnɑrsɪˌsɪzəm/

      UK /ˈnɑ:sɪsɪzəm/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Being in love with yourself, your own appearance
      • In psychoanalytic theory, self-centeredness arising from failure to distinguish the self from external objects, either in early infancy or as a feature of mental disorder.
      C1TOEIC
      More
    • neglect

      US /nɪˈɡlɛkt/

      UK /nɪ'ɡlekt/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Act of failing to do something important, required
      • State or condition of not receiving proper care
      • Transitive Verb
      • To not do something that is important or required
      • To fail to take care of something; ignore
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • obstruction

      US /əbˈstrʌkʃən, ɑb-/

      UK /əbˈstrʌkʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Any structure that makes progress difficult
      • Something that blocks a road or passage.
      B2
      More
    • opposition

      US /ˌɑ:pəˈzɪʃn/

      UK /ˌɒpəˈzɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Act of disagreeing or trying to stop something
      • Group that you are fighting or competing against
      B1
      More
    • outside of

      US /aʊtˈsaɪd ʌv/

      UK /ˌautˈsaid ɔv/

      • Preposition
      • Located or situated beyond the boundaries or confines of something.
      • Beyond the scope, range, or limits of something.
      A1
      More
    • overcome

      US /ˌovɚˈkʌm/

      UK /ˌəʊvə'kʌm/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To succeed in a struggle against; defeat
      • Participle
      • Past participle of overcome; to have successfully dealt with or controlled a problem or feeling.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • overly

      US /ˈoʊvərli/

      UK /ˈəʊvəli/

      • Adverb
      • To a degree exceeding normal or proper limits
      B2
      More
    • peer

      US /pɪr/

      UK /pɪə(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A noble, but not royal, person, e.g. lord or duke
      • Person of the same age, class or situation
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To look closely and carefully, as if hard to see
      B2
      More
    • personality

      US /ˌpɚsəˈnælɪti/

      UK /ˌpɜ:səˈnæləti/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Way someone is or reacts to life or other people
      • Person who is famous; celebrity
      A2
      More
    • practice

      US /ˈpræktɪs/

      UK /'præktɪs/

      • Noun
      • The office and place for legal or medical work
      • Doing something many times to become better at it
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To work as a doctor or lawyer
      • To live according to the teachings of a religion
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • psychology

      US /saɪˈkɑlədʒi/

      UK /saɪ'kɒlədʒɪ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • The study of the mind and how it affects behavior
      • Way in which a person or group thinks and behaves
      C2
      More
    • reflect

      US /rɪˈflɛkt/

      UK /rɪ'flekt/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To indicate or be a sign of something
      • To bounce back light, heat, sound from a surface
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • relief

      US /rɪˈlif/

      UK /rɪˈli:f/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Aid given to people in need as after war/disaster
      • Artwork, e.g. part of wall, that partly sticks out
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • reveal

      US /rɪˈvil/

      UK /rɪ'vi:l/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To show something that was hidden before
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • reward

      US /rɪˈwɔrd/

      UK /rɪ'wɔ:d/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To give something because of someone's good work
      • To give someone money for helping the police
      • Noun
      • Money given for information about criminals
      • Something given in recognition of service, effort, or achievement.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • side with

      US /saɪd wɪð/

      UK /said wið/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To support one person or group against another in a disagreement.
      A2
      More
    • struggle

      US /ˈstrʌɡəl/

      UK /'strʌɡl/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To try very hard to do something difficult
      • To fight or struggle violently
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Strong efforts made to do something difficult
      • A difficult or challenging situation or task
      A2
      More
    • such as

      US /sʌtʃ æz/

      UK /sʌtʃ æz/

      • Preposition
      • For example; like
      A1
      More
    • tend

      US /tɛnd/

      UK /tend/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To move or act in a certain manner
      • Transitive Verb
      • To take care of
      A2
      More
    • toll

      US /tol/

      UK /təʊl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Sound that a big bell makes, when it is rung
      • Number of people hurt or killed in a disaster
      • Intransitive Verb
      • (Bell) to ring in a slow, loud and repeated way
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • trauma

      US /ˈtraʊmə/

      UK /'trɔ:mə/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A very severe or upsetting experience
      • Serious injury to part of the body
      B2
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B2
    #empathy#empathize#lack#empathetic#cart#amygdala

    What Does Lack of Empathy Do To Your Brain?

    0
    林宜悉 posted on 2025/07/18
    Ever wondered what happens in the brain when someone lacks empathy? This video dives into the fascinating science behind it, exploring how childhood trauma and even the amygdala play a role. You'll pick up advanced vocabulary related to emotional intelligence and learn practical insights you can use every day!

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