Vocabulary

  • think about: To consider something carefully.
  • think of: To look on as (being something specific); consider
  • have to: Must do
  • see in: To accompany someone to the entrance of a building or room.
  • per year: For each year; annually.
  • on average: Typically; usually; based on an average calculation.
  • around the world: In or to many countries.
  • as soon as: In a short time after (something happens)
  • going on: To continue doing something
  • live on: To continue to exist or be remembered.
  • at ease
  • in on: To be involved in a secret or plan.
  • name for: To give someone or something a particular name, often in honor of someone else.
  • by the day: With each passing day; daily.
  • on the back of: As a result of or following something.
  • go out: To leave a building (e.g. a house)
  • for now: Temporarily; for the present time.
  • never say die: To encourage persistency and not giving up.
  • opening up: Revealing one's thoughts and feelings; becoming more communicative.
  • in terms of
  • in the first place: To begin with; as the first point or consideration.
  • informed decisions: Decisions that are based on having a lot of knowledge or information.
  • check out
  • pretend: To act as if something is true when it is not
  • ancient: Very old; having lived a very long time ago
  • resilient: Recovering quickly from something bad
  • solid: Being able to be trusted; reliable
  • atmosphere: Air around us
  • climate: Typical weather conditions in a particular place
  • measure: Plan to achieve a desired result
  • suppose: To imagine or guess what might happen
  • crack: Attempt to achieve a goal or objective
  • estimate: Guess or calculation of cost, size or value
  • disrupt: To cause a disturbance in an activity in progress
  • escape: Act to briefly ignoring boring or bad things
  • gradually: Occurring in a slow manner over a period of time
  • fraction: Small part of something
  • accumulate: To gather or acquire so that you have more of it
  • plateau: Flat land that is higher than the land around it
  • adapt: To change something for a different function
  • ease: To make something less difficult, tight, stressed
  • catastrophe: Very bad disaster causing much suffering, etc.
  • huge: Very very large
  • remote: Being far away from people, towns, etc.
  • rapidly: With great speed; quickly
  • planet: One of the bodies that orbit the sun
  • create: To make, cause, or bring into existence
  • thick: Difficult to see through, as fog
  • landscape: Area or scene of activity, especially in politics
  • consecutive: Following one after the other in order
  • ground: To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
  • organic: Developing naturally and without a set structure
  • layer: One of several sheets of a material or object
  • scary: Causing fear; frightening
  • poke: To give a push, thrust, or jab
  • depth: Distance below a surface
  • annual: Happening once a year, or every year
  • dioxide: An oxide containing two oxides per molecule
  • creep: To move quietly so as not to be seen
  • carbon: Chemical element with an atomic number of 6
  • methane: Colorless gas without smell often used as fuel
  • decay: To be slowly destroyed by natural processes; rot
  • buckle: Metal attachment or hook on the end of a belt
  • exacerbate: To increase the severity or bitterness of
  • antarctica: An extremely cold continent at the south pole almost entirely below the Antarctic Circle; covered by an ice cap up to , feet deep
  • active: Moving around a lot or doing many things
  • melt: To disappear or to go away
  • probe: To carefully examine an issue by asking questions
  • change: To exchange one set of clothes for another
  • land: Region or country
  • future: Time that is to come after the present
  • compose: To calm yourself after being angry or upset
  • start: First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
  • mining: To place a bomb in the ground or the sea
  • motto: Short sentence/phrase expressing aims of a group
  • consolation: Something that gives you a better feeling when sad
  • disappear: To no longer see because it's not there any more
  • tundra: Flat frozen region that has no trees
  • human: A person; a man, woman or child
  • vegetation: (Of plants) to grow in an area (without humans)
  • live: To be alive
  • happen: To take place or occur
  • permafrost: Ground that is permanently frozen
  • fascinate: To attract or interest greatly
  • earth: Wire connecting an electrical device to the ground
  • archipelago: Group of several small islands
  • woolly: Confused and vague; used especially of thinking
  • rainstorm: Storm with rain
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  • not found vocabularyNo vocabulary matches your filters
    • accumulate

      US /əˈkjumjəˌlet/

      UK /əˈkju:mjəleɪt/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To gather or acquire so that you have more of it
      C2
      More
    • adapt

      US /əˈdæpt/

      UK /ə'dæpt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To change something for a different function
      • To change something to fit or suit a new purpose
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To change your behaviour so that it is easier to live in a new place or situation
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • ancient

      US /ˈenʃənt/

      UK /'eɪnʃənt/

      • Adjective
      • Very old; having lived a very long time ago
      • Relating to a period in history, especially in the distant past.
      • Noun
      • A person who lived in ancient times.
      A2
      More
    • annual

      US /ˈænjuəl/

      UK /ˈænjuəl/

      • Adjective
      • Happening once a year, or every year
      • Noun
      • Book (in a series) released each year
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • archipelago

      US /ˌɑ:rkɪˈpeləgoʊ/

      UK /ˌɑ:kɪˈpeləgəʊ/

      • Countable Noun
      • Group of several small islands
      C1
      More
    • around the world

      US /əˈraʊnd ði wɜrld/

      UK /əˈraund ðə wɜː(r)ld/

      • Phrase
      • In or to many countries.
      • In various places throughout the world.
      A2
      More
    • as soon as

      US /æz sun æz/

      UK /æz su:n æz/

      • Phrase
      • In a short time after (something happens)
      • Without any delay; immediately
      • Conjunction
      • At the moment that, or immediately after.
      A1
      More
    • at ease

      US /æt iz/

      UK /æt i:z/

      • Phrase
      • Adjective
      • Free from constraint, embarrassment, or awkwardness; relaxed.
      A2
      More
    • atmosphere

      US /ˈætməˌsfɪr/

      UK /'ætməsfɪə(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Air around us
      • Feeling or mood of a place
      A2
      More
    • buckle

      US /'bʌkl/

      UK /'bʌkl/

      • Noun
      • Metal attachment or hook on the end of a belt
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To bend and lose strength when under pressure
      B2
      More
    • by the day

      US /baɪ ði de/

      UK /bai ðə dei/

      • Phrase
      • With each passing day; daily.
      • For each day worked.
      A1
      More
    • carbon

      US /ˈkɑrbən/

      UK /'kɑ:bən/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Chemical element with an atomic number of 6
      B1
      More
    • catastrophe

      US /kəˈtæstrəfi/

      UK /kə'tæstrəfɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Very bad disaster causing much suffering, etc.
      • A complete failure; a fiasco.
      B2
      More
    • check out

      US /tʃɛk aʊt/

      UK /tʃek aut/

      • Phrase
      • Phrasal Verb
      • To find out information about something
      • To take books out of a library
      A1
      More
    • climate

      US /ˈklaɪmɪt/

      UK /ˈklaɪmət/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Typical weather conditions in a particular place
      • The general attitudes, feelings, or opinions that people have at a particular time.
      A2
      More
    • compose

      US /kəmˈpoʊz/

      UK /kəmˈpəʊz/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To calm yourself after being angry or upset
      • To write an essay, article, poem, music etc.
      B1
      More
    • consecutive

      US /kənˈsɛkjətɪv/

      UK /kənˈsekjətɪv/

      • Adjective
      • Following one after the other in order
      B2
      More
    • consolation

      US /ˌkɑnsəˈleʃən/

      UK /ˌkɒnsəˈleɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Something that gives you a better feeling when sad
      B2
      More
    • crack

      US /kræk/

      UK /kræk/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Attempt to achieve a goal or objective
      • Unexpected and hard hit to the body
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To attempt to achieve a goal or objective
      • To hit someone or something hard and unexpectedly
      B1
      More
    • creep

      US /krip/

      UK /kri:p/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To move quietly so as not to be seen
      • Countable Noun
      • Scary or disliked person
      B1
      More
    • decay

      US /dɪˈke/

      UK /dɪˈkeɪ/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To be slowly destroyed by natural processes; rot
      • To lose health or strength
      • Uncountable Noun
      • Slow loss of physical or mental health
      B1
      More
    • depth

      US /dɛpθ/

      UK /depθ/

      • Noun
      • Distance below a surface
      A2
      More
    • dioxide

      US /daɪˈɑksaɪd/

      UK /daɪˈɒksaɪd/

      • Noun
      • An oxide containing two oxides per molecule
      B2
      More
    • disrupt

      US /dɪsˈrʌpt/

      UK /dɪsˈrʌpt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause a disturbance in an activity in progress
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • ease

      US /iz/

      UK /i:z/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To make something less difficult, tight, stressed
      • To move slowly and purposely to get in small space
      • Uncountable Noun
      • State of being comfortable or relaxed
      A2
      More
    • escape

      US /ɪˈskep/

      UK /ɪ'skeɪp/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Act to briefly ignoring boring or bad things
      • The 'esc key' on a keyboard
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To avoid something undesirable, dangerous or bad
      • To get away from a place where you are being kept
      A2
      More
    • estimate

      US /ˈɛstəˌmet/

      UK /'estɪmət/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Guess or calculation of cost, size or value
      • A judgment or opinion.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To guess or calculate the cost, size or value of
      • To form an approximate idea or judgment of.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • exacerbate

      US /ɪɡˈzæsɚˌbet/

      UK /ɪɡ'zæsəbeɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To increase the severity or bitterness of
      B2
      More
    • fascinate

      US /ˈfæsəˌnet/

      UK /'fæsɪneɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To attract or interest greatly
      B1
      More
    • for now

      US /fɔr naʊ/

      UK /fɔ: nau/

      • Phrase
      • Temporarily; for the present time.
      • In the short term; for the immediate future.
      A1
      More
    • fraction

      US /ˈfrækʃən/

      UK /ˈfrækʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Small part of something
      • A numerical quantity that is not a whole number (e.g., 1/2, 0.5).
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • go out

      US /ɡo aʊt/

      UK /ɡəu aut/

      • Phrase
      • To leave a building (e.g. a house)
      • Phrasal Verb
      • (Of a fire) to burn out; be extinguished
      • Go out of fashion to stop being fashionable
      A1
      More
    • going on

      US /ˈɡoɪŋ ɑn/

      UK /ˈgəʊɪŋ ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To continue doing something
      • To happen (usually negative)
      A1
      More
    • gradually

      US /ˈɡrædʒʊəlɪ/

      UK /ˈgrædʒuəli/

      • Adverb
      • Occurring in a slow manner over a period of time
      • Little by little; in a slow and progressive manner.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • have to

      US /hæv tu/

      UK /ˈhæv tə/

      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Must do
      A1
      More
    • huge

      US /hjudʒ/

      UK /hju:dʒ/

      • Adjective
      • Very very large
      A2
      More
    • in on

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • To be involved in a secret or plan.
      • To be aware of something that is secret or not generally known.
      A1
      More
    • in terms of

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • With regard to; concerning a particular aspect.
      A1
      More
    • in the first place

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • To begin with; as the first point or consideration.
      • From the beginning; initially.
      A1
      More
    • informed decisions

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Decisions that are based on having a lot of knowledge or information.
      B1
      More
    • landscape

      US /ˈlændˌskep/

      UK /'lændskeɪp/

      • Noun
      • Area or scene of activity, especially in politics
      • Picture of natural scenery in a place
      • Transitive Verb
      • To make gardens that improve an area of land
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • layer

      US /ˈleɚ/

      UK /ˈleiə/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • One of several sheets of a material or object
      • A covering of something spread over a surface.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To put things one on top of another
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • live on

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To continue to exist or be remembered.
      • To eat a particular type of food as the main thing.
      More
    • melt

      US /mɛlt/

      UK /melt/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To disappear or to go away
      • To make, become soft or liquid due to heat
      • Uncountable Noun
      • A mass of material that has been melted, especially metal.
      B1
      More
    • methane

      US /ˈmeθeɪn/

      UK /ˈmi:θeɪn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Colorless gas without smell often used as fuel
      B2
      More
    • mining

      US /ˈmaɪnɪŋ/

      UK /ˈmaɪnɪŋ/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To place a bomb in the ground or the sea
      • To dig into the earth or sea to obtain minerals
      • Uncountable Noun
      • Act of digging to get coal, gold, silver etc.
      B2
      More
    • motto

      US /ˈmɑto/

      UK /'mɒtəʊ/

      • Noun
      • Short sentence/phrase expressing aims of a group
      B2
      More
    • name for

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To give someone or something a particular name, often in honor of someone else.
      A1
      More
    • never say die

      US /ˈnɛvɚ se daɪ/

      UK /ˈnevə seɪ daɪ/

      • other
      • To encourage persistency and not giving up.
      B2
      More
    • on average

      US /ɑn ˈævərɪdʒ/

      UK /ɔn ˈævəridʒ/

      • Phrase
      • Typically; usually; based on an average calculation.
      B1
      More
    • on the back of

      US /ɑn ðə bæk əv/

      UK /ɒn ðə bæk əv/

      • other
      • As a result of or following something.
      B2
      More
    • opening up

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • Revealing one's thoughts and feelings; becoming more communicative.
      • Creating new opportunities or possibilities.
      B2
      More
    • organic

      US /ɔrˈɡænɪk/

      UK /ɔ:ˈgænɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Developing naturally and without a set structure
      • Concerning food made with few or no chemicals
      B1
      More
    • per year

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • For each year; annually.
      A2
      More
    • permafrost

      US /ˈpɜ:rməfrɔ:st/

      UK /ˈpɜ:məfrɒst/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Ground that is permanently frozen
      C2
      More
    • planet

      US /ˈplænɪt/

      UK /'plænɪt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • One of the bodies that orbit the sun
      • A different world or sphere of existence.
      • Proper Noun
      • The earth.
      A2
      More
    • plateau

      US /plæˈto/

      UK /'plætəʊ/

      • Noun
      • Flat land that is higher than the land around it
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To not increase or decrease; stay stable or stuck
      B2
      More
    • poke

      US /pok/

      UK /pəʊk/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To give a push, thrust, or jab
      B2
      More
    • pretend

      US /prɪˈtɛnd/

      UK /prɪ'tend/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To act as if something is true when it is not
      • Adjective
      • Not real; imaginary.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • probe

      US /prob/

      UK /prəʊb/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To carefully examine an issue by asking questions
      • To examine the inside of something using a tool
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A thorough or deep examination of a problem
      • Device used to send information from outer space
      B1
      More
    • rainstorm

      US /ˈreɪnstɔ:rm/

      UK /ˈreɪnstɔ:m/

      • Noun
      • Storm with rain
      C2
      More
    • rapidly

      US /ˈræpɪdlɪ/

      UK /'ræpɪdlɪ/

      • Adverb
      • With great speed; quickly
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • remote

      US /rɪˈmot/

      UK /rɪ'məʊt/

      • Adjective
      • Being far away from people, towns, etc.
      • (Of a possibility) being small or not likely
      • Noun
      • Radio device designed to operate TV, etc.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • resilient

      US /rɪˈzɪljənt/

      UK /rɪ'zɪlɪənt/

      • Adjective
      • Recovering quickly from something bad
      • Able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions.
      B2
      More
    • see in

      US /si ɪn/

      UK /si: in/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To accompany someone to the entrance of a building or room.
      A1
      More
    • solid

      US /ˈsɑlɪd/

      UK /'sɒlɪd/

      • Adjective
      • Being able to be trusted; reliable
      • Substance that is hard or of fixed shape
      • Noun
      • Something firm or hard; not gas or liquid
      A2
      More
    • suppose

      US /səˈpoʊz/

      UK /sə'pəʊz/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To imagine or guess what might happen
      • Conjunction
      • What if
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • thick

      US /θɪk/

      UK /θɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Difficult to see through, as fog
      • Full of (people, etc.)
      • Adverb
      • In close association or friendship.
      A2
      More
    • think about

      US /θɪŋk əˈbaʊt/

      UK /θiŋk əˈbaut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To consider something carefully.
      • To remember or call to mind.
      A1
      More
    • think of

      US /θɪŋk ʌv/

      UK /θiŋk ɔv/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To look on as (being something specific); consider
      • To consider or remember something.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To imagine or call something to mind
      A1
      More
    • tundra

      US /ˈtʌndrə/

      UK /ˈtʌndrə/

      • Noun
      • Flat frozen region that has no trees
      B2
      More
    • vegetation

      US /ˌvɛdʒɪˈteʃən/

      UK /ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • (Of plants) to grow in an area (without humans)
      • Plants in general or those growing in one area
      B2
      More
    • woolly

      US /ˈwʊli/

      UK /'wʊlɪ/

      • Adverb
      • Confused and vague; used especially of thinking
      • Adjective
      • Having a fluffy character or appearance
      C2
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B2
    #permafrost#arctic#climate#layer#active#carbon

    What happens when the permafrost thaws? | BBC Ideas

    0
    林宜悉 posted on 2025/06/19
    Ever wondered what happens when the Arctic's frozen ground starts to melt? This fascinating video dives into the science behind permafrost thaw, explaining how it releases greenhouse gases and impacts everything from infrastructure to ancient viruses. You'll pick up tons of specialized vocabulary related to climate science and ecosystems!

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