Vocabulary

  • look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
  • trade off: Exchange that occurs as a compromise
  • talking about: To discuss a particular topic.
  • depending on: To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
  • used to: Did regularly before, but don't do now
  • in terms of
  • have to: Must do
  • other places: Different locations or areas
  • break through: To move quickly through (wall, etc.) using force
  • not available: Not able to be used or obtained; inaccessible.
  • on the order of: Approximately; about a certain amount or number.
  • rate as: To consider someone or something to be of a particular quality or standard.
  • as one: Acting or moving together at the same time.
  • going on: To continue doing something
  • rather than: More exactly; more correctly
  • do in: To make completely tired out and exhausted
  • by itself: Alone; without help or assistance.
  • the following: Next in order or sequence.
  • process: To organize and use data in a computer
  • tough: (Of food) difficult to chew or bite through
  • material: Cloth; fabric
  • physical: Health check at the doctors' or hospital
  • basically: Used before you explain something simply, clearly
  • determine: To control exactly how something will be or act
  • typically: In a normal or usual way
  • tend: To move or act in a certain manner
  • bias: Preference to believe things even if incorrect
  • pressure: Anxiety caused by difficult problems
  • increase: To make or become larger in size or amount
  • desire: To wish for, hope or want something
  • bit: Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
  • initial: First letter of your given name
  • affect: To cause a change in something else
  • mechanism: Part of a machine that performs a certain function
  • issue: To make something available to be used or sold
  • volatile: Able to easily become a gas at a low temperature
  • plot: Small piece of land for a house growing crops etc.
  • form: Sports team or person's current winning record
  • indicate: To show something; direct attention to; point out
  • profile: To write a short description of a person or group
  • reason: To think and make conclusions in a logical manner
  • lecture: To speak to someone to show anger or warn them
  • rate: To assess something or consider its qualities
  • oxygen: A gas in the air that we need to breathe
  • trade: A specific industry, e.g. shoe making
  • intermediate: Between; in the middle; moderate
  • void: Empty feeling because nothing interests you
  • previously: At an earlier time
  • lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • carbon: Chemical element with an atomic number of 6
  • important: Having power or authority
  • kind: In a caring and helpful manner
  • copper: Reddish-brown metal used in cables or wires
  • control: A device designed to operate a machine
  • operate: To control or handle something, such as a machine
  • chemistry: The study of the structure of substances
  • vapor: Tiny droplets or pieces of some substance spread thinly throughout the air
  • hydrogen: Lightest of all chemical elements
  • point: An item to be discussed
  • aluminum: Very light silvery-white metal used to make cans
  • nitrogen: A colorless chemical element without a smell
  • hard: Difficult to do; difficult to understand
  • deep: Complex and important
  • axis: A line about which a rotating body turns
  • part: Division of a book
  • plasma: Substance in which the blood cells are carried
  • byproduct: A waste product made from making something else
  • volatility: Changing from a solid or liquid to a gas
  • equity: Condition of people being treated the same
  • iron: Heavy metal device heated to smooth clothes
  • chlorine: Greenish-yellow gas with a strong smell
  • bombardment: Act of dropping bombs on a place
  • silicon: Mineral used in making steel and computer parts
  • etch: To cut lines on metal to make a picture
  • oxide: Compound from combining oxygen with a chemical
  • locker: Cupboard with a lock to keep your possessions
  • ion: Atoms with either a positive or negative charge
  • wafer: Thin light cookie often accompanying ice cream
  • deposition: Removal of a person from his or her position
  • fluoride: Chemical added to water to improve tooth health
  • backside: The part of your body you sit on
  • sputter: (E.g. of an engine) to make an explosive sound
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    • affect

      US /əˈfɛkt/

      UK /ə'fekt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause a change in something else
      • To pretend to have or feel (something).
      • Noun
      • (Psychology) Emotion or feeling.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • aluminum

      US /ə'lju:minəm/

      UK /ə'lju:minəm/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Very light silvery-white metal used to make cans
      B2
      More
    • as one

      US

      UK

      • Adverb
      • Acting or moving together at the same time.
      • In complete agreement or unity.
      • Phrase
      • With a single voice or opinion; unanimously.
      • In perfect harmony or unison.
      A1
      More
    • axis

      US /ˈæksɪs/

      UK /ˈæksɪs/

      • Noun
      • A line about which a rotating body turns
      B1
      More
    • backside

      US /ˈbækˌsaɪd/

      UK /ˈbæksaɪd/

      • Noun
      • The part of your body you sit on
      C1
      More
    • basically

      US /ˈbesɪkəli,-kli/

      UK /ˈbeɪsɪkli/

      • Adverb
      • Used before you explain something simply, clearly
      • In essence; when you consider the most important aspects of something.
      A2
      More
    • bias

      US /ˈbaɪəs/

      UK /'baɪəs/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Preference to believe things even if incorrect
      • A systematic error in a statistical result
      • Transitive Verb
      • To unfairly favor one view over another
      • To cause someone to have prejudice
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • bombardment

      US /bɒm'bɑ:dmənt/

      UK /bɒm'bɑ:dmənt/

      • Noun
      • Act of dropping bombs on a place
      C1
      More
    • break through

      US /brek θru/

      UK /breik θru:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To move quickly through (wall, etc.) using force
      A1
      More
    • by itself

      US /baɪ ɪtˈsɛlf/

      UK /bai itˈself/

      • Adverb
      • Alone; without help or assistance.
      • Without any external influence or aid.
      A2
      More
    • byproduct

      US /ˈbaɪˌprɑdəkt/

      UK /'baɪˌprɒdʌkt/

      • Noun
      • A waste product made from making something else
      C1
      More
    • carbon

      US /ˈkɑrbən/

      UK /'kɑ:bən/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Chemical element with an atomic number of 6
      B1
      More
    • chemistry

      US /ˈkɛmɪstri/

      UK /'kemɪstrɪ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • The study of the structure of substances
      B1
      More
    • chlorine

      US /ˈklɔːrˌiːn/

      UK /ˈklɔ:ri:n/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Greenish-yellow gas with a strong smell
      B2
      More
    • copper

      US /ˈkɑpɚ/

      UK /'kɒpə(r)/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Reddish-brown metal used in cables or wires
      B1
      More
    • depending on

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
      • Influenced or determined by.
      • Preposition
      • Subject to; contingent on
      • Relying on someone or something for support or assistance.
      A2
      More
    • deposition

      US /ˌdɛpəˈzɪʃən/

      UK /ˌdepəˈzɪʃn/

      • Noun
      • Removal of a person from his or her position
      • Testimony to be used in court
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • desire

      US / dɪˈzaɪr/

      UK /dɪ'zaɪə(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To wish for, hope or want something
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Thing that is wished for or wanted
      • A strong feeling of sexual wanting.
      A2
      More
    • determine

      US /dɪˈtɚmɪn/

      UK /dɪ'tɜ:mɪn/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To control exactly how something will be or act
      • To establish the facts about; discover
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • do in

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To make completely tired out and exhausted
      • To destroy or cause damage to someone
      A1
      More
    • equity

      US /ˈɛkwɪti/

      UK /ˈekwəti/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Condition of people being treated the same
      • Value of a house, etc., minus the mortgage
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Stocks and shares which pay no fixed interest
      • The value of the shares issued by a company
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • etch

      US /ɛtʃ/

      UK /etʃ/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cut lines on metal to make a picture
      C1
      More
    • fluoride

      US

      UK

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Chemical added to water to improve tooth health
      • The addition of a fluoride compound to drinking water or dental products to reduce tooth decay.
      C1
      More
    • going on

      US /ˈɡoɪŋ ɑn/

      UK /ˈgəʊɪŋ ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To continue doing something
      • To happen (usually negative)
      A1
      More
    • have to

      US /hæv tu/

      UK /ˈhæv tə/

      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Must do
      A1
      More
    • hydrogen

      US /ˈhaɪdrədʒən/

      UK /ˈhaɪdrədʒən/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Lightest of all chemical elements
      B1
      More
    • in terms of

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • With regard to; concerning a particular aspect.
      A1
      More
    • indicate

      US /ˈɪndɪˌket/

      UK /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To show something; direct attention to; point out
      • To represent something using a symbol or sign
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • initial

      US /ɪˈnɪʃəl/

      UK /ɪ'nɪʃl/

      • Noun
      • First letter of your given name
      • The beginning or commencement of something.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To authorize something by writing your initials
      • To mark or sign with one's initials.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • intermediate

      US /ˌɪntɚˈmidiɪt/

      UK /ˌɪntəˈmi:diət/

      • Adjective
      • Between; in the middle; moderate
      • Having some knowledge but not advanced
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Person with some knowledge but not advanced
      • Something that comes between two things in time, place, character, etc.
      B1
      More
    • ion

      US /ˈaɪən/

      UK /'aɪən/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Atoms with either a positive or negative charge
      B2
      More
    • iron

      US /ˈaɪərn/

      UK /ˈaɪən/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Heavy metal device heated to smooth clothes
      • Golf club with a metal head
      • Transitive Verb
      • To use a hot flat-based machine to smooth clothes
      B1
      More
    • issue

      US /ˈɪʃu/

      UK /'ɪʃu:/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To make something available to be used or sold
      • To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
      • Single edition of a magazine
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • lecture

      US /ˈlɛktʃɚ/

      UK /'lektʃə(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To speak to someone to show anger or warn them
      • To give a talk or speech about a subject
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Telling someone off for doing something wrong
      • Talk or speech about a particular subject
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • locker

      US /ˈlɑ:kə(r)/

      UK /ˈlɒkə(r)/

      • Countable Noun
      • Cupboard with a lock to keep your possessions
      B2
      More
    • look at

      US /lʊk æt/

      UK /luk æt/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use your eyes to focus on something
      • To focus your eyes on something carefully
      A1
      More
    • material

      US /məˈtɪriəl/

      UK /məˈtɪəriəl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Cloth; fabric
      • Supplies or data needed to do a certain thing
      • Adjective
      • Relevant; (of evidence) important or significant
      • Belonging to the world of physical things
      A2
      More
    • mechanism

      US /ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm/

      UK /'mekənɪzəm/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Part of a machine that performs a certain function
      • System or process for achieving a certain result
      B1
      More
    • nitrogen

      US /ˈnaɪtrədʒən/

      UK /ˈnaɪtrədʒən/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • A colorless chemical element without a smell
      B2
      More
    • not available

      US /nɑt əˈveləbəl/

      UK /nɔt əˈveiləbl/

      • Adjective
      • Not able to be used or obtained; inaccessible.
      • Not present or accessible; unable to be contacted.
      A1
      More
    • on the order of

      US /ɑn ðə ˈɔrdɚ ʌv/

      UK /ɒn ðə ˈɔ:də ɒv/

      • Preposition
      • Approximately; about a certain amount or number.
      C1
      More
    • other places

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Different locations or areas
      More
    • oxide

      US /ˈɑ:ksaɪd/

      UK /ˈɒksaɪd/

      • Noun
      • Compound from combining oxygen with a chemical
      B2
      More
    • oxygen

      US /ˈɑksɪdʒən/

      UK /'ɒksɪdʒən/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • A gas in the air that we need to breathe
      • Oxygen administered as a medical treatment.
      B1
      More
    • physical

      US /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

      UK /ˈfɪzɪkl/

      • Countable Noun
      • Health check at the doctors' or hospital
      • Adjective
      • Concerning the body of a person
      • Concerning things that can be seen or touched
      A2
      More
    • plasma

      US /ˈplæzmə/

      UK /ˈplæzmə/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Substance in which the blood cells are carried
      • Gas-like substance with little electric charge
      B2
      More
    • plot

      US /plɑt/

      UK /plɒt/

      • Countable Noun
      • Small piece of land for a house growing crops etc.
      • Series of events that form the main story
      • Transitive Verb
      • To mark a path, etc. on a map, using lines or dots
      • To devise or develop a dramatic storyline
      B1
      More
    • pressure

      US /ˈprɛʃɚ/

      UK /'preʃə(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Anxiety caused by difficult problems
      • Force, weight when pressing against a thing
      • Transitive Verb
      • To apply force to something
      • To persuade or force someone to do something
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • previously

      US /ˈprivɪəslɪ/

      UK /'pri:vɪəslɪ/

      • Adverb
      • At an earlier time
      • In the past; formerly.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • process

      US /ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs/

      UK /prə'ses/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To organize and use data in a computer
      • To deal with official forms in the way required
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Dealing with official forms in the way required
      • Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • profile

      US /ˈproˌfaɪl/

      UK /'prəʊfaɪl/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To write a short description of a person or group
      • To write or create a profile of someone or something.
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A short description of a person or group
      • Shape of someone's head when viewed from the side
      B1
      More
    • rate as

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To consider someone or something to be of a particular quality or standard.
      B1
      More
    • rather than

      US

      UK

      • Adverb
      • More exactly; more correctly
      • Preferably; instead
      • Preposition
      • Instead of
      A1
      More
    • silicon

      US /ˈsɪlɪkən, -ˌkɑn/

      UK /ˈsɪlɪkən/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Mineral used in making steel and computer parts
      B2
      More
    • sputter

      US /ˈspʌtɚ/

      UK /ˈspʌtə(r)/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • (E.g. of an engine) to make an explosive sound
      C1
      More
    • talking about

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To discuss a particular topic.
      • To be constantly mentioning or bringing up a subject.
      A1
      More
    • tend

      US /tɛnd/

      UK /tend/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To move or act in a certain manner
      • Transitive Verb
      • To take care of
      A2
      More
    • the following

      US

      UK

      • Adjective
      • Next in order or sequence.
      • Uncountable Noun
      • What is about to be said or written.
      B1
      More
    • tough

      US /tʌf/

      UK /tʌf/

      • Adjective
      • (Of food) difficult to chew or bite through
      • Very difficult to do or deal with
      • Noun
      • A rough and aggressive person.
      A2
      More
    • trade

      US /treid/

      UK /treɪd/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A specific industry, e.g. shoe making
      • Action of buying and selling things in business
      • Transitive Verb
      • To buy, sell and exchange goods in business
      • To give something in return for something else
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • trade off

      US /treid ɔf/

      UK /treid ɔf/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Exchange that occurs as a compromise
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To accept that you cannot have everything you want and give up something that is less important so that you can have what is more important.
      • To balance two opposing situations or qualities; to compromise.
      C2
      More
    • typically

      US /ˈtɪpɪklɪ/

      UK /ˈtɪpɪkli/

      • Adverb
      • In a normal or usual way
      B1
      More
    • used to

      US /juzd tu/

      UK /ˈju:st tə/

      • Adjective
      • Did regularly before, but don't do now
      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Have done before, but do not do now
      A1
      More
    • void

      US /vɔɪd/

      UK /vɔɪd/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Empty feeling because nothing interests you
      • Noun
      • Empty space; empty place
      B2
      More
    • volatile

      US /ˈvɑ:lətl/

      UK /ˈvɒlətaɪl/

      • Adjective
      • Able to easily become a gas at a low temperature
      • Unstable and likely to change suddenly/extremely
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • volatility

      US /ˌvɒlə'tɪlətɪ/

      UK /ˌvɒlə'tɪlətɪ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Changing from a solid or liquid to a gas
      • Quality of changing suddenly or extremely
      B2
      More
    • wafer

      US /ˈwefɚ/

      UK /'weɪfə(r)/

      • Countable Noun
      • Thin light cookie often accompanying ice cream
      C1
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B2US
    #fluorine#boiling#oxide#polymer#silicon#boiling point

    Stanford Nanofabrication Facility: Dry Etching - Choosing a Dry Etching Process & Tool (Part 4 of 4)

    0
    sywu175 posted on 2025/06/07
    Ever wondered how tiny circuits are made? This video dives deep into choosing the right dry etching process and tools, packed with advanced vocabulary like 'selectivity' and 'anisotropic etching' that you'll pick up in no time! It's a fantastic chance to boost your knowledge and language skills in microfabrication.

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