Vocabulary

  • in terms of
  • going on: To continue doing something
  • depending on: To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
  • to do with: To be about something; concern
  • have to: Must do
  • the following: Next in order or sequence.
  • think of: To look on as (being something specific); consider
  • look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
  • for the most part: Generally; mostly; on the whole.
  • go on: To continue doing something
  • build up: To increase the amount; collect something
  • set up
  • at the same time: Simultaneously; at the identical moment.
  • same time: Occurring simultaneously or at the same point in time.
  • talking about: To discuss a particular topic.
  • due to: Because of; owing to
  • allow for: To take into consideration
  • too heavy: Having excessive weight; difficult to lift or move.
  • lead to: To result in some action
  • process: To organize and use data in a computer
  • material: Cloth; fabric
  • physical: Health check at the doctors' or hospital
  • pattern: Model to follow in making or doing something
  • basically: Used before you explain something simply, clearly
  • typically: In a normal or usual way
  • tend: To move or act in a certain manner
  • spot: A certain place or area
  • combination: Series of letters or numbers needed to open a lock
  • amount: Quantity of something
  • neutral: Something with pH value of 7
  • presentation: Act of giving a formal talk about something
  • component: One of the parts that something is made up of
  • mechanism: Part of a machine that performs a certain function
  • condition: To improve something to make it better
  • spontaneously: In a sudden, unplanned way
  • volatile: Able to easily become a gas at a low temperature
  • optimal: Best or most desirable; best possible
  • behavior: The way a person or thing acts; manner
  • surface: To give (road) a top layer
  • radical: Person who believes in extreme political change
  • form: Sports team or person's current winning record
  • typical: Normal; usual; expected
  • charge: To run quickly toward someone to attack them
  • profile: To write a short description of a person or group
  • reflection: Sign or indication of a state or condition
  • lecture: To speak to someone to show anger or warn them
  • rate: To assess something or consider its qualities
  • break: To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
  • oxygen: A gas in the air that we need to breathe
  • dip: To decrease or lower temporarily
  • enhance: To improve; make bigger or better
  • layer: One of several sheets of a material or object
  • crunch: To crush something into pieces
  • ratio: The relationship in relative size, etc.
  • lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • depend: Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)
  • formation: Process of creating; making a particular shape
  • control: A device designed to operate a machine
  • vertical: (Of a line, etc.) going up and down; not horizontal
  • chemistry: The study of the structure of substances
  • contaminate: To make impure by adding a harmful element
  • drive: A person's ambition and motivation to do something
  • aluminum: Very light silvery-white metal used to make cans
  • density: Degree to which an area is filled or covered
  • equilibrium: A state of balance or harmony
  • fast: In a way that is difficult to move or change
  • part: Division of a book
  • configuration: A shape or outline; a method of arrangement
  • area: Amount of measured space
  • plasma: Substance in which the blood cells are carried
  • byproduct: A waste product made from making something else
  • remove: To get rid of something completely
  • cover: To record a different version of another song
  • case: Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
  • problem: Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
  • chlorine: Greenish-yellow gas with a strong smell
  • bombardment: Act of dropping bombs on a place
  • silicon: Mineral used in making steel and computer parts
  • facet: A part of something; aspect
  • micro: A prefix meaning 'very small'
  • etch: To cut lines on metal to make a picture
  • oxide: Compound from combining oxygen with a chemical
  • ion: Atoms with either a positive or negative charge
  • wafer: Thin light cookie often accompanying ice cream
  • deposition: Removal of a person from his or her position
  • sputter: (E.g. of an engine) to make an explosive sound
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  • not found vocabularyNo vocabulary matches your filters
    • allow for

      US

      UK

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To take into consideration
      A1
      More
    • aluminum

      US /ə'lju:minəm/

      UK /ə'lju:minəm/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Very light silvery-white metal used to make cans
      B2
      More
    • at the same time

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Simultaneously; at the identical moment.
      • Nevertheless; however; used to introduce a contrasting or qualifying statement.
      A1
      More
    • basically

      US /ˈbesɪkəli,-kli/

      UK /ˈbeɪsɪkli/

      • Adverb
      • Used before you explain something simply, clearly
      • In essence; when you consider the most important aspects of something.
      A2
      More
    • bombardment

      US /bɒm'bɑ:dmənt/

      UK /bɒm'bɑ:dmənt/

      • Noun
      • Act of dropping bombs on a place
      C1
      More
    • build up

      US /bɪld ʌp/

      UK /bild ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To increase the amount; collect something
      • To develop or increase something in stages
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To increase or develop something gradually.
      • To praise or encourage someone.
      A1
      More
    • byproduct

      US /ˈbaɪˌprɑdəkt/

      UK /'baɪˌprɒdʌkt/

      • Noun
      • A waste product made from making something else
      C1
      More
    • charge

      US /tʃɑrdʒ/

      UK /tʃɑ:dʒ/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To run quickly toward someone to attack them
      • To ask for money as a price for a service or goods
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • An attack by running quickly toward someone
      • A price for a service or goods
      A2
      More
    • chemistry

      US /ˈkɛmɪstri/

      UK /'kemɪstrɪ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • The study of the structure of substances
      B1
      More
    • chlorine

      US /ˈklɔːrˌiːn/

      UK /ˈklɔ:ri:n/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Greenish-yellow gas with a strong smell
      B2
      More
    • combination

      US /ˌkɑmbəˈneʃən/

      UK /ˌkɒmbɪ'neɪʃn/

      • Noun
      • Series of letters or numbers needed to open a lock
      • Act or result of mixing things together
      B1
      More
    • component

      US /kəmˈponənt/

      UK /kəmˈpəʊnənt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • One of the parts that something is made up of
      • A constituent part; ingredient.
      • Adjective
      • Being a part of something
      A2
      More
    • condition

      US /kənˈdɪʃən/

      UK /kənˈdɪʃn/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To improve something to make it better
      • To cause to behave automatically in a certain way
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Disease or other medical problem
      • The state of living you are in, e.g. good health
      A2
      More
    • configuration

      US /kənˌfɪɡjəˈreʃən/

      UK /kənˌfɪgəˈreɪʃn/

      • Noun
      • A shape or outline; a method of arrangement
      B2
      More
    • contaminate

      US /kənˈtæməˌnet/

      UK /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To make impure by adding a harmful element
      B2
      More
    • crunch

      US /krʌntʃ/

      UK /krʌntʃ/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To crush something into pieces
      • To crush something noisily.
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To chew noisily with a crackling sound
      • To make a crushing sound when walked on.
      B2
      More
    • density

      US /ˈdɛnsɪti/

      UK /ˈdensəti/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Degree to which an area is filled or covered
      • The degree of compactness of a substance.
      C1TOEIC
      More
    • depend

      US /dɪˈpend/

      UK /dɪˈpend/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)
      • To rely on someone or something for support, help, or existence.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • depending on

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
      • Influenced or determined by.
      • Preposition
      • Subject to; contingent on
      • Relying on someone or something for support or assistance.
      A2
      More
    • deposition

      US /ˌdɛpəˈzɪʃən/

      UK /ˌdepəˈzɪʃn/

      • Noun
      • Removal of a person from his or her position
      • Testimony to be used in court
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • dip

      US /dɪp/

      UK /dɪp/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To decrease or lower temporarily
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Food or sauce eaten with crackers/raw vegetables
      • Place on surface (e.g. a road) lower than the rest
      B1
      More
    • due to

      US /du tu/

      UK /dju: tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Because of; owing to
      • Adjective
      • Attributable to; caused by.
      A1
      More
    • enhance

      US /ɛnˈhæns/

      UK /ɪn'hɑ:ns/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To improve; make bigger or better
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • equilibrium

      US /ˌikwəˈlɪbriəm, ˌɛkwə-/

      UK /ˌi:kwɪˈlɪbriəm/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A state of balance or harmony
      • Calm, quiet, undisturbed emotional state
      C2TOEIC
      More
    • etch

      US /ɛtʃ/

      UK /etʃ/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cut lines on metal to make a picture
      C1
      More
    • facet

      US /ˈfæsɪt/

      UK /'fæsɪt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A part of something; aspect
      • Flat surface on an object with many flat surfaces
      B2
      More
    • for the most part

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Generally; mostly; on the whole.
      • Mostly; generally; in most cases.
      A1
      More
    • formation

      US /fɔ:rˈmeɪʃn/

      UK /fɔ:ˈmeɪʃn/

      • Noun
      • Process of creating; making a particular shape
      B1
      More
    • go on

      US /ɡo ɑn/

      UK /ɡəu ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To continue doing something
      • To happen (usually negative)
      • Interjection
      • Used to encourage someone
      A1
      More
    • going on

      US /ˈɡoɪŋ ɑn/

      UK /ˈgəʊɪŋ ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To continue doing something
      • To happen (usually negative)
      A1
      More
    • have to

      US /hæv tu/

      UK /ˈhæv tə/

      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Must do
      A1
      More
    • in terms of

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • With regard to; concerning a particular aspect.
      A1
      More
    • ion

      US /ˈaɪən/

      UK /'aɪən/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Atoms with either a positive or negative charge
      B2
      More
    • layer

      US /ˈleɚ/

      UK /ˈleiə/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • One of several sheets of a material or object
      • A covering of something spread over a surface.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To put things one on top of another
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • lead to

      US /lid tu/

      UK /li:d tu:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To result in some action
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To have something as a consequence or result.
      A1
      More
    • lecture

      US /ˈlɛktʃɚ/

      UK /'lektʃə(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To speak to someone to show anger or warn them
      • To give a talk or speech about a subject
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Telling someone off for doing something wrong
      • Talk or speech about a particular subject
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • look at

      US /lʊk æt/

      UK /luk æt/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use your eyes to focus on something
      • To focus your eyes on something carefully
      A1
      More
    • material

      US /məˈtɪriəl/

      UK /məˈtɪəriəl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Cloth; fabric
      • Supplies or data needed to do a certain thing
      • Adjective
      • Relevant; (of evidence) important or significant
      • Belonging to the world of physical things
      A2
      More
    • mechanism

      US /ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm/

      UK /'mekənɪzəm/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Part of a machine that performs a certain function
      • System or process for achieving a certain result
      B1
      More
    • micro

      US /ˈmaɪkro/

      UK /'maɪkrəʊ/

      • Noun
      • A prefix meaning 'very small'
      B2
      More
    • neutral

      US /ˈnu:trəl/

      UK /ˈnju:trəl/

      • Adjective
      • Something with pH value of 7
      • Having no positive or negative electrical charge
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Color that is dull and not bright, such as gray
      • The rest position for gears in a car or vehicle
      B1
      More
    • optimal

      US /ˈɑptəməl/

      UK /ˈɒptɪməl/

      • Adjective
      • Best or most desirable; best possible
      • Most conducive to a favorable outcome.
      B2
      More
    • oxide

      US /ˈɑ:ksaɪd/

      UK /ˈɒksaɪd/

      • Noun
      • Compound from combining oxygen with a chemical
      B2
      More
    • oxygen

      US /ˈɑksɪdʒən/

      UK /'ɒksɪdʒən/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • A gas in the air that we need to breathe
      • Oxygen administered as a medical treatment.
      B1
      More
    • pattern

      US /ˈpætən/

      UK /'pætn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Model to follow in making or doing something
      • Colors or shapes which are repeated on objects
      • Transitive Verb
      • To copy the way something else is made
      • To decorate with a pattern.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • physical

      US /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

      UK /ˈfɪzɪkl/

      • Countable Noun
      • Health check at the doctors' or hospital
      • Adjective
      • Concerning the body of a person
      • Concerning things that can be seen or touched
      A2
      More
    • plasma

      US /ˈplæzmə/

      UK /ˈplæzmə/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Substance in which the blood cells are carried
      • Gas-like substance with little electric charge
      B2
      More
    • presentation

      US /ˌprɛzənˈteʃən, ˌprizən-/

      UK /ˌpreznˈteɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Act of giving a formal talk about something
      • Way in which something is displayed or shown
      A2
      More
    • process

      US /ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs/

      UK /prə'ses/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To organize and use data in a computer
      • To deal with official forms in the way required
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Dealing with official forms in the way required
      • Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • profile

      US /ˈproˌfaɪl/

      UK /'prəʊfaɪl/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To write a short description of a person or group
      • To write or create a profile of someone or something.
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A short description of a person or group
      • Shape of someone's head when viewed from the side
      B1
      More
    • radical

      US /ˈrædɪkəl,'rædɪkḷ/

      UK /ˈrædɪkl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Person who believes in extreme political change
      • A group of atoms behaving as a unit in a chemical compound.
      • Adjective
      • Very new and different from what is traditional
      • Concerning something's most basic part or form
      B1
      More
    • ratio

      US /ˈreɪʃioʊ/

      UK /ˈreɪʃiəʊ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • The relationship in relative size, etc.
      • The quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other.
      C2
      More
    • reflection

      US /rɪˈflɛkʃən/

      UK /rɪˈflekʃn/

      • Noun
      • Sign or indication of a state or condition
      • Image that you see in a mirror, glass, or water
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • same time

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Occurring simultaneously or at the same point in time.
      • At the identical time as before; recurring at a fixed hour.
      • Noun
      • An equal duration or period.
      A1
      More
    • set up

      US /sɛt ʌp/

      UK /set ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To make arrangements for something; establish
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To arrange or prepare something for use.
      • To start a business, organization, etc.
      A1
      More
    • silicon

      US /ˈsɪlɪkən, -ˌkɑn/

      UK /ˈsɪlɪkən/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Mineral used in making steel and computer parts
      B2
      More
    • spontaneously

      US /spɔnˈtenɪəslɪ/

      UK /spɒn'teɪnɪəslɪ/

      • Adverb
      • In a sudden, unplanned way
      B1
      More
    • spot

      US /spɑt/

      UK /spɒt/

      • Noun
      • A certain place or area
      • A difficult time; awkward situation
      • Transitive Verb
      • To see someone or something by chance
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • sputter

      US /ˈspʌtɚ/

      UK /ˈspʌtə(r)/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • (E.g. of an engine) to make an explosive sound
      C1
      More
    • surface

      US /ˈsɚfəs/

      UK /'sɜ:fɪs/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To give (road) a top layer
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To appear after being hidden, unseen, or unknown
      • To come to the top of something; emerge
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • talking about

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To discuss a particular topic.
      • To be constantly mentioning or bringing up a subject.
      A1
      More
    • tend

      US /tɛnd/

      UK /tend/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To move or act in a certain manner
      • Transitive Verb
      • To take care of
      A2
      More
    • the following

      US

      UK

      • Adjective
      • Next in order or sequence.
      • Uncountable Noun
      • What is about to be said or written.
      B1
      More
    • think of

      US /θɪŋk ʌv/

      UK /θiŋk ɔv/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To look on as (being something specific); consider
      • To consider or remember something.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To imagine or call something to mind
      A1
      More
    • to do with

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To be about something; concern
      A1
      More
    • too heavy

      US

      UK

      • Adjective
      • Having excessive weight; difficult to lift or move.
      • Excessively burdensome or difficult to manage.
      More
    • typical

      US /ˈtɪpɪkəl/

      UK /ˈtɪpɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • Normal; usual; expected
      • Serving as a representative example of a particular type.
      A2
      More
    • typically

      US /ˈtɪpɪklɪ/

      UK /ˈtɪpɪkli/

      • Adverb
      • In a normal or usual way
      B1
      More
    • vertical

      US /ˈvɜ:rtɪkl/

      UK /ˈvɜ:tɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • (Of a line, etc.) going up and down; not horizontal
      • Extending or operating upward from a base.
      • Noun
      • A vertical line or plane.
      • An upright structural member.
      B1
      More
    • volatile

      US /ˈvɑ:lətl/

      UK /ˈvɒlətaɪl/

      • Adjective
      • Able to easily become a gas at a low temperature
      • Unstable and likely to change suddenly/extremely
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • wafer

      US /ˈwefɚ/

      UK /'weɪfə(r)/

      • Countable Noun
      • Thin light cookie often accompanying ice cream
      C1
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B2US
    #ion#chemistry#silicon#chemical#oxide#surface

    Stanford Nanofabrication Facility: Dry Etching - Dry Etching Mechanisms (Part 3 of 4)

    0
    sywu175 posted on 2025/06/07
    Ever wondered about the magic behind tiny tech? This video dives deep into the fascinating world of dry etching mechanisms, like physical sputtering and plasma etching, used in nanofabrication. You'll pick up some seriously advanced vocabulary perfect for understanding semiconductor engineering!

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