Vocabulary

  • take over: To gain control of (a company) from someone else
  • outside of: Located or situated beyond the boundaries or confines of something.
  • into power: To gain political control or leadership position.
  • as well as: Also; in addition to
  • in trouble: Experiencing difficulties, problems, or legal issues.
  • as long as: For the period that; provided that.
  • has over: To invite someone to your house.
  • plug in
  • come back: To reply to someone, often forcefully
  • drive off: To leave in a vehicle.
  • mess with: To interfere with or tamper with something.
  • black market: An illegal market in which goods or currencies are bought and sold in violation of official restrictions.
  • get it on: To start doing what you say you will do
  • compete in: To take part in a contest or competition.
  • on the internet: Located or available on the internet.
  • spy on: To secretly watch someone in order to gather information about them.
  • in the world: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, or disbelief.
  • talking about: To discuss a particular topic.
  • In the event of: If something happens, especially something undesirable
  • on behalf of: As the representative of someone
  • in the hands of: Under the control or responsibility of someone.
  • out of the ordinary : Unusual or remarkable; not typical.
  • come along: To go with someone who takes the lead
  • for the most part: Generally; mostly; on the whole.
  • set up
  • log in
  • in key: Singing or playing notes correctly according to the musical key.
  • in times: During periods or moments of.
  • put out: To publish, e.g. a book
  • up against: Facing or contending with something difficult or challenging.
  • in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
  • bunch: A group of things of the same kind
  • access: Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
  • critical: Making a negative judgment of something
  • strategy: Careful plan or method for achieving a goal
  • vulnerability: Being weak and able to be easily hurt or damaged
  • compromise: To weaken your position or views
  • infrastructure: Basic necessary equipment for a country or region
  • impact: A striking effect or result to hit with force
  • potentially: That could happen or become reality
  • aware: Knowing or feeling that something exists
  • intelligence: Collection of secret information about something
  • identify: To indicate who or what someone or something is
  • environment: Natural world in which plants and animals live
  • spread: A big meal, often laid out as a buffet
  • firm: Company that sells goods or services
  • prevent: To stop something from happening or existing
  • industry: Hard work; being busy working
  • exploit: To selfishly take advantage of or treat badly
  • military: Army or armed forces
  • function: Social event, or party such as a wedding
  • competition: Fighting against others to win something
  • state: Region within a country, with its own government
  • charge: To run quickly toward someone to attack them
  • security: Department in a company in charge of protection
  • pretty: Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
  • couple: To join something to something else
  • provide: To make available; to supply for use
  • invest: To use resources to build for the future
  • ecosystem: Types of plants and animals in an specific area
  • agency: Business that provides some service for others
  • plug: Wood, rubber or metal used to block a hole
  • normal: Standard or regular way of doing something
  • company: Good feeling from being with someone else
  • disruption: When a disturbance stops an activity in progress
  • hack: To illegally access someone else's computer
  • lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • kind: In a caring and helpful manner
  • enforcement: Process of making sure that rules are followed
  • control: A device designed to operate a machine
  • system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
  • fact: Something that is known or proved to be true
  • information: Collection of facts and details about something
  • government: Group of people and system that rule a nation
  • sponsor: Person that supports the passage of a new law
  • boom: Very fast increase in growth or popularity
  • drive: A person's ambition and motivation to do something
  • behalf: As a representative of someone or a group.
  • espionage: Act of spying
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    • access

      US /ˈæksɛs/

      UK /'ækses/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
      • The opportunity or right to use something or to see someone.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To be able to use or have permission to use
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • agency

      US /ˈedʒənsi/

      UK /'eɪdʒənsɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Business that provides some service for others
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • as long as

      US /æz lɔŋ æz/

      UK /æz lɔŋ æz/

      • Conjunction
      • For the period that; provided that.
      • For the length of time that
      • Preposition
      • On the condition that; providing that.
      • Having the same length as.
      A1
      More
    • as well as

      US /æz wɛl æz/

      UK /æz wel æz/

      • Adverb
      • Also; in addition to
      • Preposition
      • In addition to; and also.
      A1
      More
    • aware

      US /əˈwɛr/

      UK /əˈwɛə/

      • Adjective
      • Knowing or feeling that something exists
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • behalf

      US /bɪˈhæf, -ˈhɑf/

      UK /biˈhɑ:f/

      • Noun
      • As a representative of someone or a group.
      • For the good of someone or something.
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • black market

      US

      UK

      • Noun
      • An illegal market in which goods or currencies are bought and sold in violation of official restrictions.
      A2
      More
    • boom

      US /bum/

      UK /bu:m/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Very fast increase in growth or popularity
      • A very loud and deep sound
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To experience a rapid increase in growth
      • To make a very loud and deep sound
      B1
      More
    • bunch

      US /bʌntʃ/

      UK /bʌntʃ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A group of things of the same kind
      • A group of people.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To group people or things closely together
      B1
      More
    • charge

      US /tʃɑrdʒ/

      UK /tʃɑ:dʒ/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To run quickly toward someone to attack them
      • To ask for money as a price for a service or goods
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • An attack by running quickly toward someone
      • A price for a service or goods
      A2
      More
    • come along

      US /kʌm əˈlɔŋ/

      UK /kʌm əˈlɔŋ/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To go with someone who takes the lead
      • To make progress toward a goal
      A1
      More
    • come back

      US /kʌm bæk/

      UK /kʌm bæk/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To reply to someone, often forcefully
      • To be remembered
      A1
      More
    • compete in

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To take part in a contest or competition.
      B1
      More
    • competition

      US /ˌkɑmpɪˈtɪʃən/

      UK /ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Fighting against others to win something
      • A situation in which people or organizations compete with each other for something that not everyone can have.
      A2
      More
    • compromise

      US /ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz/

      UK /'kɒmprəmaɪz/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To weaken your position or views
      • To lessen your demands so as to reach agreement
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • When you lessen your demands to get agreement
      B1
      More
    • couple

      US /ˈkʌpəl/

      UK /'kʌpl/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To join something to something else
      • (Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Two people in a romantic relationship
      • Two of something; two people; a pair
      A2
      More
    • critical

      US /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

      UK /ˈkrɪtɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • Making a negative judgment of something
      • Being important or serious; vital; dangerous
      A2
      More
    • disruption

      US /dɪs'rʌpʃn/

      UK /dɪs'rʌpʃn/

      • Noun
      • When a disturbance stops an activity in progress
      B2
      More
    • drive off

      US /draɪv ɔf/

      UK /draiv ɔf/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To leave in a vehicle.
      • To repel or force away.
      A1
      More
    • ecosystem

      US /ˈɛkoˌsɪstəm, ˈiko-/

      UK /ˈi:kəʊsɪstəm/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Types of plants and animals in an specific area
      • A network of interconnected companies, technologies, and services that interact to create value.
      B1
      More
    • enforcement

      US /ɪn'fɔ:smənt/

      UK /ɪn'fɔ:smənt/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Process of making sure that rules are followed
      • The act of compelling observance of or compliance with a law, rule, or obligation.
      B1
      More
    • espionage

      US /ˈɛspiəˌnɑʒ, -nɪdʒ/

      UK /ˈespiənɑ:ʒ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Act of spying
      C1
      More
    • exploit

      US /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/

      UK /ɪk'splɔɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To selfishly take advantage of or treat badly
      • To use something in a very effective manner
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Personal journey or series of events
      • A bold or daring feat.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • firm

      US /fɚm/

      UK /fɜ:m/

      • Countable Noun
      • Company that sells goods or services
      • Adjective
      • Fairly hard or solid, not soft
      • Unchanging and strong
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • for the most part

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Generally; mostly; on the whole.
      • Mostly; generally; in most cases.
      A1
      More
    • function

      US /ˈfʌŋkʃən/

      UK /'fʌŋkʃn/

      • Noun
      • Social event, or party such as a wedding
      • Mathematical operation used in calculations
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To serve a certain purpose or role
      • To be operating, working or achieving its purpose
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • get it on

      US /ɡɛt ɪt ɑn/

      UK /ɡet it ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To start doing what you say you will do
      • To start something.
      A1
      More
    • hack

      US /hæk/

      UK /hæk/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To illegally access someone else's computer
      • To cut away plants and branches to make a path
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Dry cough
      • Horse for hire to work or pull a vehicle for a fee
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • has over

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To invite someone to your house.
      • To have more than a certain number or amount.
      A1
      More
    • identify

      US /aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ/

      UK /aɪ'dentɪfaɪ/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To indicate who or what someone or something is
      • To say exactly what something is
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • impact

      US /ˈɪmˌpækt/

      UK /'ɪmpækt/

      • Noun
      • A striking effect or result to hit with force
      • Act or force of one thing hitting something else
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To hit or strike someone or something with force
      • To have a strong effect on someone or something.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • in fact

      US /ɪn fækt/

      UK /in fækt/

      • Adverb
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
      • Used to introduce a more detailed or surprising piece of information.
      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that is surprising or contrary to what might be expected.
      C1
      More
    • in key

      US /ɪn ki/

      UK /ɪn ki:/

      • other
      • Singing or playing notes correctly according to the musical key.
      B2
      More
    • In the event of

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • If something happens, especially something undesirable
      A1
      More
    • in the hands of

      US /ɪn ðə ˈhændz ʌv/

      UK /in ðə ˈhændz ɔv/

      • Preposition
      • Under the control or responsibility of someone.
      B1
      More
    • in the world

      US /ɪn ði wɜrld/

      UK /in ðə wɜː(r)ld/

      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, or disbelief.
      • Used to indicate the extent or degree of something, often in a superlative sense.
      A1
      More
    • in times

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • During periods or moments of.
      • During a particular era or period in history.
      A1
      More
    • in trouble

      US /ɪn ˈtrʌbəl/

      UK /in ˈtrʌbl/

      • Adjective
      • Experiencing difficulties, problems, or legal issues.
      • other
      • In serious trouble or difficulty.
      A1
      More
    • infrastructure

      US /ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃɚ/

      UK /'ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Basic necessary equipment for a country or region
      • The underlying framework or system of an organization.
      B1
      More
    • intelligence

      US /ɪnˈtɛlədʒəns/

      UK /ɪn'telɪdʒəns/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Collection of secret information about something
      • Ability to learn things or to consider situations
      • Adjective
      • Of the spying services; acting in secrecy
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • into power

      US /ˈɪntu ˈpaʊɚ/

      UK /ˈɪntəʊ ˈpaʊə/

      • other
      • To gain political control or leadership position.
      B2
      More
    • invest

      US /ɪnˈvɛst/

      UK /ɪn'vest/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To use resources to build for the future
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • log in

      US /lɔɡ ɪn/

      UK /lɔɡ in/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To enter a website or computer system by typing a username and password.
      B1
      More
    • mess with

      US

      UK

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To interfere with or tamper with something.
      • To provoke or annoy someone.
      • Phrasal Verb
      • To interfere with or tamper with something.
      • To tease, provoke, or annoy someone.
      B1
      More
    • military

      US /ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri/

      UK /'mɪlətrɪ/

      • Noun
      • Army or armed forces
      • Adjective
      • Concerning the army or navy
      B1
      More
    • on behalf of

      US /ɑn bɪˈhæf ʌv/

      UK /ɔn biˈhɑ:f ɔv/

      • Phrase
      • As the representative of someone
      • Acting as a representative of.
      B1
      More
    • on the internet

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Located or available on the internet.
      • Using the internet as a medium or platform.
      A1
      More
    • out of the ordinary

      US

      UK

      • Adjective
      • Unusual or remarkable; not typical.
      • Exceptional; remarkably better than others of its kind.
      • Phrase
      • Beyond what is usual, common, or expected.
      A1
      More
    • outside of

      US /aʊtˈsaɪd ʌv/

      UK /ˌautˈsaid ɔv/

      • Preposition
      • Located or situated beyond the boundaries or confines of something.
      • Beyond the scope, range, or limits of something.
      A1
      More
    • plug

      US /plʌɡ/

      UK /plʌg/

      • Noun
      • Wood, rubber or metal used to block a hole
      • Thing on a wire to connect to electricity supply
      • Transitive Verb
      • To use an object to block a hole
      • To promote or advertise a product
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • plug in

      US /plʌɡ ɪn/

      UK /plʌɡ in/

      • Phrase
      B1
      More
    • potentially

      US /pəˈtɛnʃəlɪ/

      UK /pə'tenʃəlɪ/

      • Adverb
      • That could happen or become reality
      B1
      More
    • prevent

      US /prɪˈvɛnt/

      UK /prɪ'vent/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To stop something from happening or existing
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • put out

      US /pʊt aʊt/

      UK /put aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To publish, e.g. a book
      • To cause someone to be troubled or inconvenienced
      A1
      More
    • security

      US /sɪˈkjʊrɪti/sə'kjurətɪ/

      UK /sɪ'kjʊərətɪ/

      • Noun
      • Department in a company in charge of protection
      • Financial document, like stocks, bonds and notes
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • set up

      US /sɛt ʌp/

      UK /set ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To make arrangements for something; establish
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To arrange or prepare something for use.
      • To start a business, organization, etc.
      A1
      More
    • sponsor

      US /ˈspɑ:nsə(r)/

      UK /ˈspɒnsə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Person that supports the passage of a new law
      • Person giving money for someone's education
      • Transitive Verb
      • To support the passage of a new law
      • To help someone succeed by giving them money
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • spread

      US /sprɛd/

      UK /spred/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A big meal, often laid out as a buffet
      • The distance between two things
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To place over a large area; to cover a large area
      • (Of ideas, gossip) to pass to and affect others
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • spy on

      US /spaɪ ɑn/

      UK /spai ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To secretly watch someone in order to gather information about them.
      More
    • strategy

      US /ˈstrætədʒi/

      UK /'strætədʒɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Careful plan or method for achieving a goal
      • Branch of military dealing with command
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • take over

      US /tek ˈovɚ/

      UK /teik ˈəuvə/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To gain control of (a company) from someone else
      • To assume control or possession of something.
      A1
      More
    • talking about

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To discuss a particular topic.
      • To be constantly mentioning or bringing up a subject.
      A1
      More
    • up against

      US /ʌp əˈɡenst/

      UK /ʌp əˈɡenst/

      • Phrase
      • Facing or contending with something difficult or challenging.
      • In close proximity or contact with something.
      More
    • vulnerability

      US /ˌvʌlnərə'bɪlətɪ/

      UK /ˌvʌlnərə'bɪlətɪ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Being weak and able to be easily hurt or damaged
      • A weakness or flaw that makes something susceptible to harm or damage.
      B1
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    80
    B1US
    #hacking#chinese#cyber#china#government#hack

    How China Is Building an Army of Hackers

    0
    VoiceTube posted on 2025/05/14
    Ever wondered how China is building its army of hackers? This video dives into the surprising strategies and government policies China uses to cultivate its cybersecurity talent, even exploring how hacking competitions are used to fuel its intelligence operations. You'll pick up key terms like 'cyber espionage' and 'vulnerabilities' while getting a fascinating look at the global cybersecurity landscape!

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