Vocabulary

  • around the world: In or to many countries.
  • with it: Intelligent, alert, and up-to-date.
  • in debt: State of owing money to a person or institution
  • in a bind: In a difficult or problematic situation; in a predicament.
  • shell out: To pay money, especially when the amount is large or considered too much.
  • turned out: To arrive for a public event or entertainment
  • to the point: Expressing something directly and without unnecessary detail.
  • in the face of: When confronted with something difficult or challenging.
  • symbol of: Something that represents or stands for something else, especially an object representing an abstract idea.
  • of course: Sure ; Certainly
  • except for: Not including; excluding.
  • in the middle of: In the central part or point of something.
  • at fault: Responsible for something negative or undesirable; deserving blame.
  • lights up: Third-person singular present tense of to illuminate something; to make something brighter with light.
  • come up: To come closer to someone; approach
  • used to: Did regularly before, but don't do now
  • for the Gipper: Doing something in honor or memory of someone admired, especially based on a famous figure.
  • thanks to: Because of; as a result of.
  • switch on: To put something electrical on or off
  • in general: Typically; usually; on the whole.
  • massive: Very big; large; too big
  • crisis: Unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty
  • strike: To hit something
  • disease: Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
  • failure: When things go wrong; lack of function
  • spread: A big meal, often laid out as a buffet
  • decade: Period of 10 years
  • financial: Involving money
  • debt: Sum of money owed to someone that is not yet paid
  • military: Army or armed forces
  • political: Being active or interested in government matters
  • occur: To come to pass or to happen
  • suffer: To experience pain, illness, or injury
  • famine: Long-lasting period of little food in an area
  • disaster: State of extreme ruin and misfortune
  • response: Something said/written as an answer to something
  • federal: Consisting of several united states
  • catastrophe: Very bad disaster causing much suffering, etc.
  • cause: Belief, goal or organization that people support
  • suddenly: In an unexpected or very quick manner
  • administration: Act of giving e.g. medicine to a patient
  • widespread: Happening or existing in many places
  • aid: To help others and provide things
  • resistance: Force that stops or slows movement of something
  • mass: Religious ceremony in some Christian churches
  • incident: Event, usually unusual or important; accident
  • interest: Best or most advantageous thing for someone
  • communist: Believer in communism
  • civil: Of citizens of a country; not military, criminal
  • radiation: Energy transmitted as rays, waves or particles
  • leave: To go away from; depart
  • invasion: Entry into a place to cause harm
  • soar: (Of prices, etc.) to increase a lot in a short time
  • spill: Accident when someone falls
  • devastate: To cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly
  • inadequate: Unsatisfactory; not good enough; not enough
  • scandal: Unacceptable/immoral event causing public shock
  • storm: To act violently or angrily
  • government: Group of people and system that rule a nation
  • accident: Sudden unplanned event causing damage, injury etc.
  • fill: To make something full
  • unrest: Disturbance, e.g. of crowd in protest against
  • fail: To be unsuccessful in passing a class or exam
  • turn: To become (a particular age)
  • march: To force someone to walk somewhere
  • world: All the humans, events, activities on the earth
  • country: An area of land that is controlled by a government
  • people: Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
  • long: Person's name
  • notify: To inform; to communicate specific information
  • latin: Ancient Roman language affecting many languages
  • bloc: People or nations with similar political aims
  • tanker: Vehicle built to transport liquids
  • contra: Opposite to; against
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    • administration

      US / ædˌmɪnɪˈstreʃən/

      UK /ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Act of giving e.g. medicine to a patient
      • The work of running something, e.g. a business
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • aid

      US /ed/

      UK /eɪd/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To help others and provide things
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Action of giving help to others
      • Money or help given to those who need it
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • around the world

      US /əˈraʊnd ði wɜrld/

      UK /əˈraund ðə wɜː(r)ld/

      • Phrase
      • In or to many countries.
      • In various places throughout the world.
      A2
      More
    • at fault

      US /æt fɔlt/

      UK /æt fɔ:lt/

      • Adjective
      • Responsible for something negative or undesirable; deserving blame.
      • Phrase
      • Culpable; deserving of blame or censure.
      A1
      More
    • bloc

      US /blɑ:k/

      UK /blɒk/

      • Noun
      • People or nations with similar political aims
      B2
      More
    • catastrophe

      US /kəˈtæstrəfi/

      UK /kə'tæstrəfɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Very bad disaster causing much suffering, etc.
      • A complete failure; a fiasco.
      B2
      More
    • cause

      US /kɔz/

      UK /kɔ:z/

      • Noun
      • Belief, goal or organization that people support
      • Reason for
      • Transitive Verb
      • To make something happen; create effect or result
      A2
      More
    • civil

      US /ˈsɪvəl/

      UK /ˈsɪvl/

      • Adjective
      • Of citizens of a country; not military, criminal
      • Acting in a polite, but not truly friendly manner
      B1
      More
    • come up

      US /kʌm ʌp/

      UK /kʌm ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To come closer to someone; approach
      • (Of sun) to rise into the sky in the morning
      A1
      More
    • communist

      US /ˈkɑmjənɪst/

      UK /ˈkɒmjənɪst/

      • Adjective
      • Believer in communism
      • Noun
      • A person who supports or believes in communism.
      B1
      More
    • contra

      US

      UK

      • Preposition
      • Opposite to; against
      C1
      More
    • crisis

      US /ˈkraɪsɪs/

      UK /'kraɪsɪs/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty
      • A turning point in a disease.
      B1
      More
    • debt

      US /dɛt/

      UK /det/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Sum of money owed to someone that is not yet paid
      • A moral or social obligation.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • decade

      US /ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked/

      UK /ˈdekeɪd/

      • Countable Noun
      • Period of 10 years
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • devastate

      US /ˈdɛvəˌstet/

      UK /'devəsteɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly
      • To cause (someone) to feel extreme emotional pain.
      B1
      More
    • disaster

      US /dɪˈzæstɚ, -ˈsæs-/

      UK /dɪ'zɑ:stə(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • State of extreme ruin and misfortune
      • A complete failure.
      • Uncountable Noun
      • A situation that has gone terribly wrong.
      A2
      More
    • disease

      US /dɪˈziz/

      UK /dɪˈzi:z/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
      • A disorder of structure or function in a plant, especially one caused by a pathogen.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To affect with disease; to corrupt or sicken.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • except for

      US /ɪkˈsɛpt fɔr/

      UK /ikˈsept fɔ:/

      • Preposition
      • Not including; excluding.
      More
    • famine

      US /ˈfæmɪn/

      UK /ˈfæmɪn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Long-lasting period of little food in an area
      • A drastic food shortage in a large area or country.
      B2
      More
    • federal

      US /ˈfɛdərəl, ˈfɛdrəl/

      UK /'fedərəl/

      • Adjective
      • Consisting of several united states
      • Relating to a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units.
      • Proper Noun
      • The central banking system of the United States.
      B1
      More
    • financial

      US /faɪˈnænʃ(ə)l/

      UK /faɪˈnænʃl/

      • Adjective
      • Involving money
      • Relating to investments.
      • Countable Noun
      • A person who provides advice on financial matters.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • for the Gipper

      US /fɚ ðə ˈɡɪpɚ/

      UK /fə ðə ˈɡɪpə/

      • other
      • Doing something in honor or memory of someone admired, especially based on a famous figure.
      C2
      More
    • in a bind

      US /ɪn e baɪnd/

      UK /in ə baind/

      • Phrase
      • In a difficult or problematic situation; in a predicament.
      A1
      More
    • in debt

      US /ɪn dɛt/

      UK /in det/

      • Phrase
      • State of owing money to a person or institution
      • Adjective
      • Owing money.
      A2
      More
    • in general

      US /ɪn ˈdʒɛnərəl/

      UK /in ˈdʒenərəl/

      • Phrase
      • Typically; usually; on the whole.
      • Not specific or detailed; broadly.
      • Adjective
      • Not detailed or specific; overall.
      C2
      More
    • in the face of

      US //ɪn ðə feɪs ɑv//

      UK

      • Phrase
      • When confronted with something difficult or challenging.
      • Despite; in defiance of; when confronted with.
      A1
      More
    • in the middle of

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • In the central part or point of something.
      • Engaged or occupied with something.
      A2
      More
    • inadequate

      US /ɪnˈædɪkwɪt/

      UK /ɪnˈædɪkwət/

      • Adjective
      • Unsatisfactory; not good enough; not enough
      B1
      More
    • incident

      US / ˈɪnsɪdənt/

      UK /ˈɪnsɪdənt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Event, usually unusual or important; accident
      • A political event that causes difficulties.
      A2
      More
    • invasion

      US /ɪnˈveʒən/

      UK /ɪnˈveɪʒn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Entry into a place to cause harm
      • An unwelcome intrusion into another's domain.
      B1
      More
    • latin

      US /ˈlætn/

      UK /ˈlætɪn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Ancient Roman language affecting many languages
      • Adjective
      • Of or typical of a Spanish-speaking culture
      C2
      More
    • lights up

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • Third-person singular present tense of to illuminate something; to make something brighter with light.
      • Third-person singular present tense of to ignite a cigarette, cigar, or pipe for smoking.
      A1
      More
    • mass

      US /mæs/

      UK /mæs/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Religious ceremony in some Christian churches
      • Large amount or number of something
      • Transitive Verb
      • To gather people or things into a large group
      B1
      More
    • massive

      US /ˈmæsɪv/

      UK /ˈmæsɪv/

      • Adjective
      • Very big; large; too big
      • Large or imposing in scale or scope.
      B1
      More
    • military

      US /ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri/

      UK /'mɪlətrɪ/

      • Noun
      • Army or armed forces
      • Adjective
      • Concerning the army or navy
      B1
      More
    • notify

      US /ˈnotəˌfaɪ/

      UK /'nəʊtɪfaɪ/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To inform; to communicate specific information
      B2
      More
    • occur

      US /əˈkɚ/

      UK /əˈkɜ:(r)/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To come to pass or to happen
      • To be found to exist; to be present.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • of course

      US /ʌv kɔː(r)s/

      UK /ɔv kɔː(r)s/

      • Adverb
      • Sure ; Certainly
      • Phrase
      • For sure; certainly
      A2
      More
    • political

      US /pəˈlɪtɪkəl/

      UK /pəˈlɪtɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • Being active or interested in government matters
      • Diplomatic
      A2
      More
    • radiation

      US /ˌrediˈeʃən/

      UK /ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Energy transmitted as rays, waves or particles
      • Harmful waves of energy from nuclear activity
      B1
      More
    • resistance

      US /rɪˈzɪstəns/

      UK /rɪ'zɪstəns/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Force that stops or slows movement of something
      • Refusal to accept something new or different
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • response

      US /rɪˈspɑns/

      UK /riˈspɔns/

      • Noun
      • Something said/written as an answer to something
      • Reaction to something that has occurred
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • scandal

      US /ˈskændl/

      UK /'skændl/

      • Noun
      • Unacceptable/immoral event causing public shock
      B1
      More
    • shell out

      US /ʃɛl aʊt/

      UK /ʃel aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To pay money, especially when the amount is large or considered too much.
      A1
      More
    • soar

      US /sɔr, sor/

      UK /sɔ:(r)/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • (Of prices, etc.) to increase a lot in a short time
      • To fly or rise high in the air
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • spill

      US /spɪl/

      UK /spɪl/

      • Noun
      • Accident when someone falls
      • Act of allowing a fluid to escape
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To come out of and spread beyond limits
      • To tell secrets or let information escape
      B1
      More
    • spread

      US /sprɛd/

      UK /spred/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A big meal, often laid out as a buffet
      • The distance between two things
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To place over a large area; to cover a large area
      • (Of ideas, gossip) to pass to and affect others
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • strike

      US /straɪk/

      UK /straɪk/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To hit something
      • To remove or erase.
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A punch or hit
      • Fact of not hitting the ball when playing baseball
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • suffer

      US / ˈsʌfɚ/

      UK /'sʌfə(r)/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To experience pain, illness, or injury
      • To allow or permit something, especially something unpleasant.
      A2
      More
    • switch on

      US

      UK

      • Transitive Verb
      • To put something electrical on or off
      • Phrasal Verb
      A2
      More
    • symbol of

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Something that represents or stands for something else, especially an object representing an abstract idea.
      • A visible sign of something intangible.
      B2
      More
    • tanker

      US /ˈtæŋkɚ/

      UK /ˈtæŋkə(r)/

      • Countable Noun
      • Vehicle built to transport liquids
      B2
      More
    • thanks to

      US /θæŋks tu/

      UK /θæŋks tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Because of; as a result of.
      A1
      More
    • to the point

      US /tu ði pɔɪnt/

      UK /tu: ðə pɔint/

      • Adjective
      • Expressing something directly and without unnecessary detail.
      • Phrase
      • Relevant and pertinent to the matter at hand.
      A2
      More
    • turned out

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To arrive for a public event or entertainment
      • To happen to be in the end
      • Transitive Verb
      • To extinguish or switch off lights.
      A1
      More
    • unrest

      US /ʌnˈrɛst, ˈʌnˌrɛst/

      UK /ʌn'rest/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Disturbance, e.g. of crowd in protest against
      B2
      More
    • used to

      US /juzd tu/

      UK /ˈju:st tə/

      • Adjective
      • Did regularly before, but don't do now
      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Have done before, but do not do now
      A1
      More
    • widespread

      US /ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd/

      UK /ˈwaɪdspred/

      • Adjective
      • Happening or existing in many places
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • with it

      US /wɪð ɪt/

      UK /wið it/

      • Adjective
      • Intelligent, alert, and up-to-date.
      • Understanding and knowledgeable about current trends or information.
      A1
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    80
    B2
    #WatchMojo#soviet#reagan#iran#exxon#contra

    10 Worst Decisions From the 1980s

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    林宜悉 posted on 2025/02/21
    Ever wonder what went wrong in the 1980s? This video dives into some of the decade's biggest blunders, from economic crises like the Latin American Debt and the Savings and Loan Crisis to the devastating Chernobyl disaster. You'll pick up tons of advanced vocabulary related to history, economics, and public health while learning about these pivotal moments!

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