Vocabulary

  • due to: Because of; owing to
  • make up: To invent or create a story
  • personal data: Information that relates to an identifiable individual.
  • have to: Must do
  • such as: For example; like
  • in exchange for: Given or done as an equivalent or substitute for.
  • outside of: Located or situated beyond the boundaries or confines of something.
  • in the green: Having a financial profit or gain.
  • based on: To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
  • by god: An expression of surprise, shock, or emphasis.
  • follow suit: To do the same thing that someone else has done
  • far cry from: Very different from.
  • think of: To look on as (being something specific); consider
  • except for: Not including; excluding.
  • as such: Something previously stated or understood
  • roof over: A place to live; shelter or housing.
  • do in: To make completely tired out and exhausted
  • take out: To apply for and get a license
  • family members: People related by blood, marriage, or adoption.
  • come up with: To think of an idea or solution; produce
  • bring down: To destroy (government, etc.) forcefully
  • up against: Facing or contending with something difficult or challenging.
  • at least: As a minimum
  • churn out: To produce something quickly and in large quantities.
  • by the numbers: In a methodical, step-by-step manner; according to a strict procedure.
  • at best: Under the most optimistic or favorable circumstances; the most that can be hoped for.
  • come from: To have as your native country or city
  • write off: To cancel a debt; to recognize as a loss.
  • for no good reason: Without any clear or valid reason; unjustified.
  • on earth: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise or anger.
  • in turn: One after the other in a sequence or rotation.
  • in the world: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, or disbelief.
  • next to: Being located along side another
  • by virtue of: By reason of; because of.
  • after all: In spite of what was expected; used to introduce a statement that supports a previous statement or explains why it was made
  • of old: From a long time ago; in the past.
  • in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
  • halfway there: Having completed half of the required distance or task; making good progress.
  • work on: To devote effort to improve or develop something
  • see to: To attend to; take care of
  • in the meantime: During the time between two events; meanwhile.
  • majority: Amount that is more than half of a group
  • alternative: Something different you can choose
  • situation: Place, position or area that something is in
  • average: Total of numbers divided by the number of items
  • structure: The way in which the parts of a system or object are arranged or organized, or a system arranged in this way
  • campaign: To work in an organized, active way towards a goal
  • develop: To explain something in steps and in detail
  • influence: To affect or change something indirectly
  • increase: To make or become larger in size or amount
  • industry: Hard work; being busy working
  • financial: Involving money
  • status: Position or rank relative to others in a society
  • leverage: An advantage which gives you influence or power
  • hierarchy: Group that manages and controls an organization
  • political: Being active or interested in government matters
  • task: Big or small piece of work someone has to do
  • corporate: Concerning (usually large) companies
  • private: Being away from others and quiet
  • democracy: System of government in which everyone is equal
  • identity: Collection of qualities that makes a person
  • religious: Following the rules and beliefs of a faith
  • propaganda: (Use of) message that you want people to accept
  • democratic: (Of government) giving the people power, a vote
  • due: When something is required or expected
  • visual: Of or relating to vision
  • article: Word such as 'a', 'an', or 'the' used before nouns
  • economy: Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
  • entertainment: Act or process of providing service for someone
  • fall: Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
  • wealth: Amount of money or possessions you own, e.g. large
  • expose: To make visible, without covering or protection
  • enlightenment: State of having a lot of knowledge and wisdom
  • decay: To be slowly destroyed by natural processes; rot
  • ongoing: Continuing to exist or be in progress
  • control: A device designed to operate a machine
  • system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
  • fact: Something that is known or proved to be true
  • build: Your physical shape; physique
  • election: Process of choosing someone by voting
  • public: Owned by the government
  • own: To have something as your property
  • worse: Comparative of 'bad'; more bad
  • liberty: Doing as one wants without asking
  • theft: Act of stealing
  • swamp: Area of land that is wet or covered with water
  • proverbial: As commonly spoken of; well-known
  • superstition: Unproven belief that some things are lucky/unlucky
  • freedom: State of being free, not being controlled
  • predatory: Preying on the weak to gain an advantage
  • datum: Item of factual information
  • aura: Distinctive feeling or mood coming from a person
  • monetization: Act of making money from your invention or ideas
  • feudal: Of or typical of feudalism
  • regressive: Returning to a former less advanced state
  • musk: Strong sweet-smelling substance used in perfume
  • unfinished: Not yet ended; not complete; still being done
  • upstart: Suddenly successful person with little training
  • springer: Breed of a small brown and white spaniel dog
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    • after all

      US /ˈæftɚ ɔl/

      UK /ˈɑ:ftə ɔ:l/

      • Adverb
      • In spite of what was expected; used to introduce a statement that supports a previous statement or explains why it was made
      • Considering everything; used to indicate that something is happening or is true despite some difficulty or obstacle
      • Phrase
      • Despite what was expected or thought; in spite of everything.
      • Taking everything into consideration; considering that.
      B1
      More
    • alternative

      US /ɔlˈtɚnətɪv, æl-/

      UK /ɔ:lˈtɜ:nətɪv/

      • Countable Noun
      • Something different you can choose
      • Adjective
      • A different choice
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • article

      US /ˈɑrtɪkəl/

      UK /'ɑ:tɪkl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Word such as 'a', 'an', or 'the' used before nouns
      • Piece of writing about a particular subject
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • as such

      US /æz sʌtʃ/

      UK /æz sʌtʃ/

      • Pronoun
      • Something previously stated or understood
      A1
      More
    • at best

      US /æt bɛst/

      UK /æt best/

      • Phrase
      • Under the most optimistic or favorable circumstances; the most that can be hoped for.
      A1
      More
    • at least

      US /æt list/

      UK /æt li:st/

      • Adverb
      • As a minimum
      • Not less than
      • Phrase
      • No less than; at the minimum
      • Used to indicate that something is positive in a bad situation.
      C2
      More
    • aura

      US /ˈɔrə/

      UK /'ɔ:rə/

      • Noun
      • Distinctive feeling or mood coming from a person
      B2
      More
    • average

      US /ˈævərɪdʒ, ˈævrɪdʒ/

      UK /'ævərɪdʒ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Total of numbers divided by the number of items
      • Transitive Verb
      • To add numbers then divide by the number of items
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • based on

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
      • Preposition
      • Using something as the main idea or foundation.
      • Relying on something as evidence or justification.
      A1
      More
    • bring down

      US /brɪŋ daʊn/

      UK /briŋ daun/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To destroy (government, etc.) forcefully
      • To kill someone, often with a gun
      A1
      More
    • by god

      US

      UK

      • Interjection
      • An expression of surprise, shock, or emphasis.
      • An expression of strong promise or determination.
      B2
      More
    • by the numbers

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • In a methodical, step-by-step manner; according to a strict procedure.
      • Adjective
      • Predictable; following a formula or cliché.
      A1
      More
    • by virtue of

      US /baɪ ˈvɚtʃu ʌv/

      UK /bai ˈvə:tju: ɔv/

      • Phrase
      • By reason of; because of.
      C2
      More
    • campaign

      US /kæmˈpen/

      UK /kæm'peɪn/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To work in an organized, active way towards a goal
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Series of actions meant to achieve a goal
      • A planned set of military activities intended to achieve a particular objective.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • churn out

      US /tʃə:n aʊt/

      UK /tʃɜ:n aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To produce something quickly and in large quantities.
      A1
      More
    • come from

      US /kʌm frʌm/

      UK /kʌm frɔm/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To have as your native country or city
      A1
      More
    • come up with

      US /kʌm ʌp wɪð/

      UK /kʌm ʌp wið/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To think of an idea or solution; produce
      A1
      More
    • corporate

      US /ˈkɔrpərɪt, ˈkɔrprɪt/

      UK /ˈkɔ:pərət/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning (usually large) companies
      • Relating to a large company or group.
      • Noun
      • The overall strategy and direction of a company.
      • The visual and communicative aspects of a company that create its public image.
      A2
      More
    • datum

      US /ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm/

      UK /ˈdeɪtəm/

      • Noun
      • Item of factual information
      B1
      More
    • decay

      US /dɪˈke/

      UK /dɪˈkeɪ/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To be slowly destroyed by natural processes; rot
      • To lose health or strength
      • Uncountable Noun
      • Slow loss of physical or mental health
      B1
      More
    • democracy

      US /dɪˈmɑkrəsi/

      UK /dɪ'mɒkrəsɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • System of government in which everyone is equal
      • Principles of social equality and respect for the individual within a society.
      B1
      More
    • democratic

      US /ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk/

      UK /ˌdeməˈkrætɪk/

      • Adjective
      • (Of government) giving the people power, a vote
      • Based on the principle that all members have equal rights.
      B2
      More
    • do in

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To make completely tired out and exhausted
      • To destroy or cause damage to someone
      A1
      More
    • due to

      US /du tu/

      UK /dju: tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Because of; owing to
      • Adjective
      • Attributable to; caused by.
      A1
      More
    • election

      US /ɪˈlɛkʃən/

      UK /ɪ'lekʃn/

      • Noun
      • Process of choosing someone by voting
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • enlightenment

      US /ɛnˈlaɪtn:mənt/

      UK /ɪnˈlaɪtnmənt/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • State of having a lot of knowledge and wisdom
      • The state of having knowledge or understanding; the act of giving someone knowledge or understanding.
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • entertainment

      US /ˌɛntɚˈtenmənt/

      UK /ˌentəˈteɪnmənt/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Act or process of providing service for someone
      • Singing, dancing, telling jokes to amuse people
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • except for

      US /ɪkˈsɛpt fɔr/

      UK /ikˈsept fɔ:/

      • Preposition
      • Not including; excluding.
      More
    • expose

      US /ɪkˈspoʊz/

      UK /ɪk'spəʊz/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To make visible, without covering or protection
      • To allow light through a cameras lens onto film
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • family members

      US

      UK

      • Noun (plural)
      • People related by blood, marriage, or adoption.
      A1
      More
    • far cry from

      US

      UK

      • Idiom
      • Very different from.
      More
    • feudal

      US /ˈfjudl:/

      UK /ˈfju:dl/

      • Adjective
      • Of or typical of feudalism
      B2
      More
    • financial

      US /faɪˈnænʃ(ə)l/

      UK /faɪˈnænʃl/

      • Adjective
      • Involving money
      • Relating to investments.
      • Countable Noun
      • A person who provides advice on financial matters.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • follow suit

      US /ˈfɑlo sut/

      UK /ˈfɔləu sju:t/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To do the same thing that someone else has done
      A2
      More
    • for no good reason

      US /fɚ no ɡʊd ˈrizən/

      UK /fə nəu ɡʊd ˈri:zən/

      • other
      • Without any clear or valid reason; unjustified.
      B1
      More
    • freedom

      US /ˈfridəm/

      UK /'fri:dəm/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • State of being free, not being controlled
      B1
      More
    • halfway there

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Having completed half of the required distance or task; making good progress.
      • Interjection
      • An expression of encouragement, indicating that significant progress has been made and the goal is within reach.
      A1
      More
    • have to

      US /hæv tu/

      UK /ˈhæv tə/

      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Must do
      A1
      More
    • hierarchy

      US /ˈhaɪəˌrɑrki, ˈhaɪˌrɑr-/

      UK /'haɪərɑ:kɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Group that manages and controls an organization
      • A system for organizing according to importance
      B1
      More
    • identity

      US /aɪˈdɛntɪti/

      UK /aɪ'dentətɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Collection of qualities that makes a person
      • Who someone is; the name of a person
      B1
      More
    • in exchange for

      US /ɪn ɪksˈtʃendʒ fɔr/

      UK /in iksˈtʃeindʒ fɔ:/

      • Phrase
      • Given or done as an equivalent or substitute for.
      B1
      More
    • in fact

      US /ɪn fækt/

      UK /in fækt/

      • Adverb
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
      • Used to introduce a more detailed or surprising piece of information.
      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that is surprising or contrary to what might be expected.
      C1
      More
    • in the green

      US /ɪn ðə ˈɡrin/

      UK /in ðə ˈɡri:n/

      • other
      • Having a financial profit or gain.
      • On the putting surface of a golf course.
      B2
      More
    • in the meantime

      US /ɪn ði ˈminˌtaɪm/

      UK /in ðə ˈmi:ntaim/

      • Phrase
      • During the time between two events; meanwhile.
      A1
      More
    • in the world

      US /ɪn ði wɜrld/

      UK /in ðə wɜː(r)ld/

      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, or disbelief.
      • Used to indicate the extent or degree of something, often in a superlative sense.
      A1
      More
    • in turn

      US

      UK

      • Adverb
      • One after the other in a sequence or rotation.
      A1
      More
    • influence

      US / ˈɪnfluəns/

      UK /'ɪnflʊəns/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To affect or change something indirectly
      • To persuade someone to do something.
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • The power to affect what happens, to persuade etc.
      • A person or thing that affects someone or something in an important way.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • leverage

      US /ˈlɛvərɪdʒ, ˈlivə-/

      UK /'li:vərɪdʒ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • An advantage which gives you influence or power
      • An advantage gained through the use of resources or a strategic position
      • Transitive Verb
      • To use an advantage which gives you influence
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • liberty

      US /ˈlɪbəti/

      UK /'lɪbətɪ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Doing as one wants without asking
      • Power to do what you choose
      • Adjective
      • Not imprisoned; free.
      B1
      More
    • majority

      US /məˈdʒɔrɪti, -ˈdʒɑr-/

      UK /mə'dʒɒrətɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Amount that is more than half of a group
      • The age at which a person is legally considered an adult.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • make up

      US /mek ʌp/

      UK /meik ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To invent or create a story
      • To add up to
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To invent a story, excuse, etc.
      • To compensate for something lost, missed, or deficient.
      A1
      More
    • monetization

      US /ˌmʌnətə'zeɪʃən/

      UK /ˌmʌnɪtaɪ'zeɪʃən/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Act of making money from your invention or ideas
      B2
      More
    • musk

      US /mʌsk/

      UK /mʌsk/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Strong sweet-smelling substance used in perfume
      C1
      More
    • next to

      US /nɛkst tu/

      UK /nekst tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Being located along side another
      • In comparison with
      • Adverb
      • Almost; nearly
      A1
      More
    • of old

      US /ʌv oʊld/

      UK /əv əuld/

      • other
      • From a long time ago; in the past.
      B2
      More
    • on earth

      US /ɑn ɚθ/

      UK /ɔn ə:θ/

      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise or anger.
      • Used to emphasize that something is not possible or will not happen.
      A1
      More
    • ongoing

      US /ˈɑ:ngoʊɪŋ/

      UK /ˈɒngəʊɪŋ/

      • Adjective
      • Continuing to exist or be in progress
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A situation or process that is currently taking place or is in progress.
      • A problem or difficulty that continues to exist or happen.
      B1
      More
    • outside of

      US /aʊtˈsaɪd ʌv/

      UK /ˌautˈsaid ɔv/

      • Preposition
      • Located or situated beyond the boundaries or confines of something.
      • Beyond the scope, range, or limits of something.
      A1
      More
    • personal data

      US

      UK

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Information that relates to an identifiable individual.
      B2
      More
    • political

      US /pəˈlɪtɪkəl/

      UK /pəˈlɪtɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • Being active or interested in government matters
      • Diplomatic
      A2
      More
    • predatory

      US /ˈprɛdəˌtɔri, -ˌtori/

      UK /'predətrɪ/

      • Adjective
      • Preying on the weak to gain an advantage
      • Relating to or characteristic of a predator; preying on other animals.
      B1
      More
    • propaganda

      US /ˌprɑ:pə'ɡændə/

      UK /ˌprɒpə'ɡændə/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • (Use of) message that you want people to accept
      • The systematic dissemination of information, especially in a biased or misleading way, in order to promote a political cause or point of view.
      B1
      More
    • proverbial

      US /prəˈvɜ:rbiəl/

      UK /prəˈvɜ:biəl/

      • Adjective
      • As commonly spoken of; well-known
      B2
      More
    • regressive

      US /rɪˈɡrɛsɪv/

      UK /rɪˈgresɪv/

      • Adjective
      • Returning to a former less advanced state
      B2
      More
    • religious

      US /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/

      UK /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/

      • Adjective
      • Following the rules and beliefs of a faith
      • Relating to or manifesting faithful devotion to an acknowledged ultimate reality or deity.
      B1
      More
    • roof over

      US

      UK

      • Noun
      • A place to live; shelter or housing.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To provide with housing or shelter.
      A2
      More
    • see to

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To attend to; take care of
      • To make sure that something is done
      A1
      More
    • springer

      US /'sprɪŋə/

      UK /'sprɪŋə/

      • Noun
      • Breed of a small brown and white spaniel dog
      B2
      More
    • status

      US /ˈstetəs, ˈstætəs/

      UK /'steɪtəs/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Position or rank relative to others in a society
      • Legal position of a person or thing
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • structure

      US /ˈstrʌk.tʃɚ/

      UK /ˈstrʌk.tʃə/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • The way in which the parts of a system or object are arranged or organized, or a system arranged in this way
      • A building or other man-made object.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To plan, organize, or arrange the parts of something
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • such as

      US /sʌtʃ æz/

      UK /sʌtʃ æz/

      • Preposition
      • For example; like
      A1
      More
    • superstition

      US /ˌsu:pərˈstɪʃn/

      UK /ˌsu:pəˈstɪʃn/

      • Noun
      • Unproven belief that some things are lucky/unlucky
      C2
      More
    • swamp

      US /swɑmp, swɔmp/

      UK /swɒmp/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Area of land that is wet or covered with water
      • Transitive Verb
      • To cover or fill something with water
      • To be so much or so many that people cannot cope
      B1
      More
    • take out

      US /tek aʊt/

      UK /teik aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To apply for and get a license
      • To take someone on a date
      • Uncountable Noun
      • Food purchased at a restaurant to eat elsewhere.
      A1
      More
    • task

      US /tæsk/

      UK /tɑ:sk/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Big or small piece of work someone has to do
      • Transitive Verb
      • To be given something to do, e.g. wash dishes
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • theft

      US /θɛft/

      UK /θeft/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Act of stealing
      B1
      More
    • think of

      US /θɪŋk ʌv/

      UK /θiŋk ɔv/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To look on as (being something specific); consider
      • To consider or remember something.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To imagine or call something to mind
      A1
      More
    • unfinished

      US /ʌnˈfɪnɪʃt/

      UK /ʌnˈfɪnɪʃt/

      • Adjective
      • Not yet ended; not complete; still being done
      C2
      More
    • up against

      US /ʌp əˈɡenst/

      UK /ʌp əˈɡenst/

      • Phrase
      • Facing or contending with something difficult or challenging.
      • In close proximity or contact with something.
      More
    • upstart

      US /ˈʌpstɑ:rt/

      UK /ˈʌpstɑ:t/

      • Noun
      • Suddenly successful person with little training
      C1
      More
    • visual

      US /ˈvɪʒuəl/

      UK /'vɪʒʊəl/

      • Adjective
      • Of or relating to vision
      • Noun
      • Pictures/images used to help audience understand
      • A picture, map, piece of film, or other visual representation.
      A2
      More
    • wealth

      US /wɛlθ/

      UK /welθ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Amount of money or possessions you own, e.g. large
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • work on

      US /wɚk ɑn/

      UK /wə:k ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To devote effort to improve or develop something
      • To try to persuade or influence someone.
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    • write off

      US /raɪt ɔf/

      UK /rait ɔf/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To cancel a debt; to recognize as a loss.
      • To reduce or eliminate the book value of an asset.
      A1
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    #enlightenment#musk#aura#democratic#corporate#owner

    How Elon Musk Became President

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    michael leung posted on 2025/03/03
    Ever wondered how Elon Musk might become president? This video dives deep into fascinating ideas about political economy, wealth inequality, and the future of democracy, using advanced vocabulary you'll definitely want to pick up. It's a fantastic chance to boost your understanding and language skills with complex sentence structures and insightful analysis!

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