Vocabulary

  • cut down: To reduce your use of something
  • work out
  • think of: To look on as (being something specific); consider
  • in terms of
  • work on: To devote effort to improve or develop something
  • out there: In or to a place that is far away
  • wake up: To stop sleeping
  • have on: To be wearing something.
  • on the go: Very busy and active.
  • sit down: To take a seat
  • made to be: Destined or intended for a particular purpose or relationship.
  • instead of: When one thing is replaced by another
  • in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
  • look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
  • on earth: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise or anger.
  • reach out: To attempt to communicate with someone.
  • request for: A formal application or appeal for something.
  • play in: To participate or compete in a game or competition.
  • of course: Sure ; Certainly
  • struggle: To try very hard to do something difficult
  • incredibly: To a great degree; very; amazingly
  • process: To organize and use data in a computer
  • trigger: Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
  • properly: In an appropriate or correct manner
  • evidence: Factual proof that helps to establish the truth
  • simultaneously: At the same time; all together
  • obesity: State of being so fat it can harm your health
  • term: Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
  • experience: Thing a person has done or that happened to them
  • positive: Showing agreement or support for something
  • consume: To eat, drink, buy or use up something
  • texture: Quality from different elements, as in music
  • research: To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
  • significantly: In a way that is important or noticeable
  • brand: A mark burned on an animal to show who owns it
  • decade: Period of 10 years
  • bit: Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
  • industry: Hard work; being busy working
  • encourage: To increase the chance of something happening
  • lean: To balance against or on something for support
  • mechanism: Part of a machine that performs a certain function
  • physically: In a manner related to the body
  • willpower: Ability to make yourself do what you really want
  • moral: In a way considered proper and good by most people
  • nutrient: A chemical living things needs to be healthy
  • scientific: Concerning academic study of the physical world
  • actual: Real or existing in fact, not imagined; real
  • plausible: Being reasonable and possibly true
  • sensory: Referring to the physical senses
  • crunch: To crush something into pieces
  • normal: Standard or regular way of doing something
  • pop: To cause something to open or burst suddenly
  • addictive: Being powerless to stop doing or using something
  • lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • breast: Fleshy part of a woman's body for feeding babies
  • sound: Sensible, dependable and reliable
  • kind: In a caring and helpful manner
  • ongoing: Continuing to exist or be in progress
  • system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
  • fact: Something that is known or proved to be true
  • chew: To bite something many times without swallowing it
  • operate: To control or handle something, such as a machine
  • government: Group of people and system that rule a nation
  • irresistible: Being so attractive or desirable you cannot say no
  • snack: Small amount of food eaten between meals
  • density: Degree to which an area is filled or covered
  • change: To exchange one set of clothes for another
  • crunchy: (of food, snow) making a soft compacting sound
  • hard: Difficult to do; difficult to understand
  • ultra: Prefix that denotes a lot of something; extreme
  • percentage: Part of a whole divided into hundredths
  • competitor: Someone taking part in race, business, etc.
  • multi: A prefix meaning 'many' or 'more than one'
  • mid: At (or near) the middle point
  • sonic: Concerning sound, its waves, and speed
  • fullness: Degree of how full something can be
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    • actual

      US /ˈæktʃuəl/

      UK /ˈæktʃuəl/

      • Adjective
      • Real or existing in fact, not imagined; real
      • Current; existing at the present time.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • addictive

      US /əˈdɪktɪv/

      UK /əˈdɪktɪv/

      • Adjective
      • Being powerless to stop doing or using something
      B1
      More
    • brand

      US /brænd/

      UK /brænd/

      • Noun
      • A mark burned on an animal to show who owns it
      • Product made or designed by a named company
      • Transitive Verb
      • To burn a mark on an animal to show who owns it
      • To describe someone as a liar, coward, etc.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • breast

      US /brɛst/

      UK /brest/

      • Countable Noun
      • Fleshy part of a woman's body for feeding babies
      • (Poetic) upper front part of the body; the heart
      B1
      More
    • chew

      US /tʃu:/

      UK /tʃu:/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To bite something many times without swallowing it
      • Noun
      • Act of biting something many times
      B1
      More
    • competitor

      US /kəmˈpɛtɪtɚ/

      UK /kəmˈpetɪtə(r)/

      • Countable Noun
      • Someone taking part in race, business, etc.
      • Someone who takes part in a contest or competition.
      B1
      More
    • consume

      US /kənˈsum/

      UK /kən'sju:m/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To eat, drink, buy or use up something
      • To take all your energy; focus the attention
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • crunch

      US /krʌntʃ/

      UK /krʌntʃ/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To crush something into pieces
      • To crush something noisily.
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To chew noisily with a crackling sound
      • To make a crushing sound when walked on.
      B2
      More
    • crunchy

      US /ˈkrʌntʃi/

      UK /'krʌntʃɪ/

      • Adjective
      • (of food, snow) making a soft compacting sound
      B2
      More
    • cut down

      US /kʌt daʊn/

      UK /kʌt daun/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To reduce your use of something
      • To fell a tree.
      A1
      More
    • decade

      US /ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked/

      UK /ˈdekeɪd/

      • Countable Noun
      • Period of 10 years
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • density

      US /ˈdɛnsɪti/

      UK /ˈdensəti/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Degree to which an area is filled or covered
      • The degree of compactness of a substance.
      C1TOEIC
      More
    • encourage

      US /ɛnˈkɚrɪdʒ, -ˈkʌr-/

      UK /ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To increase the chance of something happening
      • To make someone more determined or confident
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • fullness

      US /ˈfʊlnəs/

      UK /ˈfʊlnəs/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Degree of how full something can be
      B1
      More
    • have on

      US /hæv ɑn/

      UK /hæv ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To be wearing something.
      • To deceive or trick someone, often in a playful way.
      A1
      More
    • in fact

      US /ɪn fækt/

      UK /in fækt/

      • Adverb
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
      • Used to introduce a more detailed or surprising piece of information.
      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that is surprising or contrary to what might be expected.
      C1
      More
    • in terms of

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • With regard to; concerning a particular aspect.
      A1
      More
    • incredibly

      US /ɪnˈkrɛdəblɪ/

      UK /ɪnˈkredəbli/

      • Adverb
      • To a great degree; very; amazingly
      • Extremely; so much so it is hard to believe
      A2
      More
    • instead of

      US /ɪnˈstɛd ʌv/

      UK /inˈsted ɔv/

      • Preposition
      • When one thing is replaced by another
      • Adverb
      • As a substitute or alternative.
      A1
      More
    • irresistible

      US /ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbəl/

      UK /ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbl/

      • Adjective
      • Being so attractive or desirable you cannot say no
      B1
      More
    • lean

      US /lin/

      UK /li:n/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To balance against or on something for support
      • To have a tendency to do something; favor
      • Adjective
      • Having a low fat content
      • Efficient; well-designed with no waste
      A2
      More
    • look at

      US /lʊk æt/

      UK /luk æt/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use your eyes to focus on something
      • To focus your eyes on something carefully
      A1
      More
    • made to be

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Destined or intended for a particular purpose or relationship.
      • Designed or constructed with a specific quality or characteristic.
      More
    • mechanism

      US /ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm/

      UK /'mekənɪzəm/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Part of a machine that performs a certain function
      • System or process for achieving a certain result
      B1
      More
    • mid

      US /mɪd/

      UK /mɪd/

      • Adjective
      • At (or near) the middle point
      B2
      More
    • moral

      US /ˈmɔrəl, ˈmɑr-/

      UK /ˈmɒrəl/

      • Adjective
      • In a way considered proper and good by most people
      • Uncountable Noun
      • In a way considered proper and good by most people
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • multi

      US

      UK

      • Prefix
      • A prefix meaning 'many' or 'more than one'
      B1
      More
    • nutrient

      US /ˈnutriənt/

      UK /ˈnju:triənt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A chemical living things needs to be healthy
      B1
      More
    • obesity

      US /oˈbisɪti/

      UK /əʊ'bi:sətɪ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • State of being so fat it can harm your health
      • The state of being far too heavy; corpulence.
      B2
      More
    • of course

      US /ʌv kɔː(r)s/

      UK /ɔv kɔː(r)s/

      • Adverb
      • Sure ; Certainly
      • Phrase
      • For sure; certainly
      A2
      More
    • on earth

      US /ɑn ɚθ/

      UK /ɔn ə:θ/

      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise or anger.
      • Used to emphasize that something is not possible or will not happen.
      A1
      More
    • on the go

      US /ɑn ði ɡo/

      UK /ɔn ðə ɡəu/

      • Adjective
      • Very busy and active.
      A1
      More
    • ongoing

      US /ˈɑ:ngoʊɪŋ/

      UK /ˈɒngəʊɪŋ/

      • Adjective
      • Continuing to exist or be in progress
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A situation or process that is currently taking place or is in progress.
      • A problem or difficulty that continues to exist or happen.
      B1
      More
    • out there

      US /aʊt ðɛr/

      UK /aut ðɛə/

      • Adverb
      • In or to a place that is far away
      • Existing in the universe
      • Adjective
      • Unconventional; strange; avant-garde
      • Existing or available.
      A1
      More
    • percentage

      US /pərˈsentɪdʒ/

      UK /pəˈsentɪdʒ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Part of a whole divided into hundredths
      • An advantage or allowance.
      B1
      More
    • physically

      US /ˈfɪzɪkəlɪ/

      UK /'fɪzɪklɪ/

      • Adverb
      • In a manner related to the body
      • Concerning reality or the laws of nature
      A2
      More
    • plausible

      US /ˈplɔzəbəl/

      UK /ˈplɔ:zəbl/

      • Adjective
      • Being reasonable and possibly true
      • Appearing worthy of belief.
      B1
      More
    • play in

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To participate or compete in a game or competition.
      • To have a role in a theatrical production.
      A1
      More
    • pop

      US /pɑp/

      UK /pɒp/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To cause something to open or burst suddenly
      • To go to or in a place for a brief period of time
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Sweet soda drink
      • A short, sharp, explosive sound.
      B2
      More
    • positive

      US /ˈpɑzɪtɪv/

      UK /ˈpɒzətɪv/

      • Adjective
      • Showing agreement or support for something
      • Being sure about something; knowing the truth
      • Noun
      • A photograph in which light areas are light and dark areas are dark
      A2
      More
    • process

      US /ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs/

      UK /prə'ses/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To organize and use data in a computer
      • To deal with official forms in the way required
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Dealing with official forms in the way required
      • Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • properly

      US /ˈprɑːpərli/

      UK /ˈprɔpəlɪ/

      • Adverb
      • In an appropriate or correct manner
      • In a way that is suitable or appropriate.
      A2
      More
    • reach out

      US /ritʃ aʊt/

      UK /ri:tʃ aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To attempt to communicate with someone.
      • To offer help and support to someone.
      B1
      More
    • request for

      US

      UK

      • Noun
      • A formal application or appeal for something.
      • A solicitation or appeal for assistance, support, or contributions.
      A1
      More
    • research

      US /rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ/

      UK /rɪ'sɜ:tʃ/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
      • To study the market relating to marketing products and services.
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Study done to discover new ideas and facts
      • A particular area or topic of study.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • scientific

      US /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/

      UK /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning academic study of the physical world
      • Systematic and precise, following a methodology.
      • Noun
      • Relating to or used in science.
      A2
      More
    • sensory

      US /ˈsɛnsəri/

      UK /ˈsensəri/

      • Adjective
      • Referring to the physical senses
      B2
      More
    • significantly

      US /sɪɡˈnɪfəkəntlɪ/

      UK /sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli/

      • Adverb
      • In a way that is important or noticeable
      • In a way that is meaningful
      A2
      More
    • simultaneously

      US /saɪməlˈtenɪəslɪ/

      UK /ˌsɪməl'teɪnɪəslɪ/

      • Adverb
      • At the same time; all together
      B2
      More
    • sit down

      US /sit daʊn/

      UK /sit daun/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To take a seat
      A1
      More
    • snack

      US /snæk/

      UK /snæk/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Small amount of food eaten between meals
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To eat a small amount outside of regular meal time
      B2
      More
    • sonic

      US /ˈsɑ:nɪk/

      UK /ˈsɒnɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning sound, its waves, and speed
      C1
      More
    • struggle

      US /ˈstrʌɡəl/

      UK /'strʌɡl/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To try very hard to do something difficult
      • To fight or struggle violently
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Strong efforts made to do something difficult
      • A difficult or challenging situation or task
      A2
      More
    • texture

      US /ˈtɛkstʃɚ/

      UK /ˈtekstʃə(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Quality from different elements, as in music
      • Look and feel of a substance or material
      • Transitive Verb
      • To give a particular look or feel to a surface
      B1
      More
    • think of

      US /θɪŋk ʌv/

      UK /θiŋk ɔv/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To look on as (being something specific); consider
      • To consider or remember something.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To imagine or call something to mind
      A1
      More
    • trigger

      US /ˈtrɪɡɚ/

      UK /'trɪɡə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
      • Device that starts a process
      • Transitive Verb
      • To start a process off e.g. a memory
      • To cause something to begin or happen.
      B1
      More
    • ultra

      US /'ʌltrə/

      UK /'ʌltrə/

      • Prefix
      • Prefix that denotes a lot of something; extreme
      B2
      More
    • wake up

      US /wek ʌp/

      UK /weik ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To stop sleeping
      • To become fully aware and alert to a situation.
      A1
      More
    • willpower

      US /ˈwɪlˌpaʊɚ/

      UK /'wɪlpaʊə(r)/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Ability to make yourself do what you really want
      C2
      More
    • work on

      US /wɚk ɑn/

      UK /wə:k ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To devote effort to improve or develop something
      • To try to persuade or influence someone.
      A1
      More
    • work out

      US /wɚk aʊt/

      UK /wə:k aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To find a way to do something, by thinking
      A1
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    80
    B1US
    #BBC#processed#branding#obesity#food industry#sonic

    Why can't we stop eating certain foods? - BBC

    0
    coney posted on 2025/02/20
    Ever wonder why it's so hard to resist certain snacks? This fascinating BBC documentary dives deep into the science behind ultra-processed foods and food addiction, revealing how the food industry designs products to keep us hooked! You'll pick up some advanced vocabulary related to health and marketing, making it a super practical watch for understanding our eating habits.

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