Vocabulary

  • for short: As a shortened form of a name or phrase.
  • in general: Typically; usually; on the whole.
  • switch on: To put something electrical on or off
  • in under: Located inside and beneath something.
  • in sight: Visible; able to be seen.
  • search for: To try to find someone or something.
  • used to: Did regularly before, but don't do now
  • thanks to: Because of; as a result of.
  • stamp of approval: Official endorsement or authorization; a sign that something is considered acceptable or of good quality.
  • in a trench coat: Wearing a long waterproof coat called a trench coat.
  • slip past: To move quietly past someone or something without being noticed.
  • by mistake: Accidentally; unintentionally.
  • in charge: To be responsible for
  • show up: To arrive or be seen at a place, e.g. a party
  • at least: As a minimum
  • at the ready: Fully prepared and available for immediate use.
  • in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
  • drum up: To try to get support or interest from people for something.
  • rather than: More exactly; more correctly
  • on to: Toward something; forward
  • go on: To continue doing something
  • turn on
  • genetic information: Hereditary information encoded in the genetic material (DNA or RNA) of an organism.
  • along with: In addition to; together with.
  • on the surface: Appearing to be true or real until examined more closely.
  • in theory: According to the stated ideas or principles
  • in practice: In reality or actual use; as opposed to in theory.
  • in total: Completely; with everything added together.
  • figure out: To understand the behavior of someone
  • in the works: Being planned or prepared; in progress.
  • at bay: Kept at a distance; held back.
  • one step ahead: Having an advantage or being more prepared than others.
  • specific: Precise; particular; just about that thing
  • immune: Having a special protection from, e.g. the law
  • bunch: A group of things of the same kind
  • strategy: Careful plan or method for achieving a goal
  • tackle: To start working on a difficult problem
  • effective: Working efficiently to produce a desired result
  • general: Widespread, normal or usual
  • exposure: Allowing light through a cameras lens onto film
  • develop: To explain something in steps and in detail
  • disease: Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
  • version: Different way that someone interprets something
  • research: To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
  • trial: Hearing and judgment of a case in court
  • viral: Of or caused by a virus
  • protein: Group of molecules made from amino acids
  • initial: First letter of your given name
  • overcome: To succeed in a struggle against; defeat
  • prime: To get a person ready for; prepare someone
  • stimulate: To arouse or excite emotionally
  • therapeutic: Intended to make things (e.g. illness) better
  • mean: Average of a set of numbers
  • tiny: Very, very small
  • discrimination: Ability to recognize the difference between things
  • response: Something said/written as an answer to something
  • form: Sports team or person's current winning record
  • vaccine: Shot using weak disease cells to stop same disease
  • generate: To create or be produced or bring into existence
  • challenge: An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
  • deliver: To give birth to a child; help a woman give birth
  • reason: To think and make conclusions in a logical manner
  • clinical: Concerning the treatment or observing patients
  • produce: Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
  • pathogen: Any disease-producing agent
  • randomly: With no pattern or clear purpose; by chance
  • activity: An action or task, e.g. sports, washing clothes
  • placebo: Harmless pill for comparison in trial of new drug
  • system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
  • fact: Something that is known or proved to be true
  • fully: Completely or entirely
  • promise: To say you will certainly do something
  • optimize: To make as effective as possible
  • chance: The way something happens without planning
  • natural: Being as one would expect; being usual or normal
  • virus: File secretly put on computers to cause harm
  • pick: Sharp tool used for breaking the ground
  • medication: Substance to relieve pain or cure sickness
  • pesky: Causing irritation or annoyance
  • broadly: In a general (not detailed) manner
  • bay: Part of an ocean or lake partly surrounded by land
  • anti: A prefix meaning 'against' or 'opposed'
  • lab: Short for 'laboratory'
  • antibody: Substance produced by the body to fight disease
  • reactive: Easily reacting to; responsive
  • auto: Car; a road vehicle with four or more wheels
  • reactivity: Ready susceptibility to chemical change
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    80
    B1UK
    #hiv#mrna#immune#immune system#immune response#response

    Why They Can't Make an HIV Vaccine (They're Trying!)

    0
    VoiceTube posted on 2024/10/18
    Ever wondered why creating an HIV vaccine is so tough, even with amazing tech like mRNA? This video dives deep into the science behind HIV's immune evasion and the cutting-edge research, including broadly neutralizing antibodies, that's happening right now! You'll pick up some really useful advanced vocabulary related to immunology and clinical trials while learning about this critical global health challenge.

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