Vocabulary

  • school of thought: A particular philosophy or set of beliefs; a way of thinking.
  • touch on: To briefly discuss
  • in the process of: During the course of; while something is happening or being done.
  • for that matter: Used to emphasize that something is true or likely to happen, or to introduce a related point.
  • in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
  • get a sense: To understand or perceive something intuitively.
  • break down: To forcibly break, destroy or make collapse
  • regardless of
  • branch out: To expand or diversify one's interests or activities.
  • used to: Did regularly before, but don't do now
  • for the record: Said to ensure something is officially noted or remembered.
  • along with: In addition to; together with.
  • other than: Except for; apart from.
  • in other words: Stating something in a different way, often to make it clearer or more understandable.
  • in a series: Arranged or happening one after another.
  • by now: At the present time or already; before the present.
  • for one thing: Used to introduce a reason for something.
  • have to: Must do
  • picked it up: To acquire or obtain something.
  • outside of: Located or situated beyond the boundaries or confines of something.
  • in the long run: Eventually; over a long period of time.
  • at random
  • as well as: Also; in addition to
  • face off: To oppose one another (often in sports)
  • blow up: To suddenly become angry
  • negative: The opposite to a positive electrical charge
  • condition: To improve something to make it better
  • controversial: Causing a great deal of argument, or conflict
  • sound: Sensible, dependable and reliable
  • psychology: The study of the mind and how it affects behavior
  • behavior: The way a person or thing acts; manner
  • neutral: Something with pH value of 7
  • food: What people and animals eat to live
  • learning: To get knowledge or skills by study or experience
  • stimulus: Something that causes a change
  • dog: Small 4-legged animal that barks kept as a pet
  • reinforcement: Act of strengthening or supporting an army
  • rat: Long-tailed rodent similar to/bigger than a mouse
  • box: A marked area of a baseball field
  • beep: Short high sound such as that made by a car horn
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    • along with

      US /əˈlɔŋ wɪð/

      UK /əˈlɔŋ wið/

      • Preposition
      • In addition to; together with.
      • Adverb
      • In company or together with someone or something.
      • Including; in addition to.
      A2
      More
    • as well as

      US /æz wɛl æz/

      UK /æz wel æz/

      • Adverb
      • Also; in addition to
      • Preposition
      • In addition to; and also.
      A1
      More
    • at random

      US /æt ˈrændəm/

      UK /æt ˈrændəm/

      • Phrase
      B1
      More
    • beep

      US /bip/

      UK /bi:p/

      • Noun
      • Short high sound such as that made by a car horn
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To make a sharp high sound like that of a car horn
      C1
      More
    • blow up

      US /blo ʌp/

      UK /bləu ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To suddenly become angry
      • To put air in something, e.g. a tire or balloon
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To explode; to be destroyed by an explosion.
      A2
      More
    • branch out

      US /bræntʃ aʊt/

      UK /brɑ:ntʃ aut/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To expand or diversify one's interests or activities.
      • Phrasal Verb
      • To expand or extend one's interests, activities, or business.
      • To extend or spread out from a central point.
      More
    • break down

      US /brek daʊn/

      UK /breik daun/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To forcibly break, destroy or make collapse
      • (Machine) to stop working or become weaker
      A1
      More
    • by now

      US /baɪ naʊ/

      UK /bai nau/

      • Phrase
      • At the present time or already; before the present.
      A2
      More
    • condition

      US /kənˈdɪʃən/

      UK /kənˈdɪʃn/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To improve something to make it better
      • To cause to behave automatically in a certain way
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Disease or other medical problem
      • The state of living you are in, e.g. good health
      A2
      More
    • controversial

      US /ˌkɑntrəˈvɚʃəl, -siəl/

      UK /ˌkɔntrəˈvə:ʃəl/

      • Adjective
      • Causing a great deal of argument, or conflict
      B1
      More
    • face off

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To oppose one another (often in sports)
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To confront or compete against someone in a direct contest.
      • To participate in a faceoff in ice hockey.
      A1
      More
    • for one thing

      US /fɔr wʌn θɪŋ/

      UK /fɔ: wʌn θiŋ/

      • Phrase
      • Used to introduce a reason for something.
      A1
      More
    • for that matter

      US /fɔr ðæt ˈmætɚ/

      UK /fɔ: ðæt ˈmætə/

      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize that something is true or likely to happen, or to introduce a related point.
      • Used to introduce a statement that supports or strengthens a previous statement.
      A2
      More
    • for the record

      US /fɔr ði rɪˈkɚd/

      UK /fɔ: ðə riˈkɔ:d/

      • Phrase
      • Said to ensure something is officially noted or remembered.
      • To state something to ensure the correct information is known.
      A1
      More
    • get a sense

      US

      UK

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To understand or perceive something intuitively.
      A1
      More
    • have to

      US /hæv tu/

      UK /ˈhæv tə/

      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Must do
      A1
      More
    • in a series

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Arranged or happening one after another.
      • Occurring sequentially or in a specific order.
      B1
      More
    • in fact

      US /ɪn fækt/

      UK /in fækt/

      • Adverb
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
      • Used to introduce a more detailed or surprising piece of information.
      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that is surprising or contrary to what might be expected.
      C1
      More
    • in other words

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Stating something in a different way, often to make it clearer or more understandable.
      More
    • in the long run

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Eventually; over a long period of time.
      A1
      More
    • in the process of

      US /ɪn ði ˈprɑsˌɛs ʌv/

      UK /in ðə ˈprəuses ɔv/

      • Phrase
      • During the course of; while something is happening or being done.
      A1
      More
    • negative

      US /ˈnɛɡətɪv/

      UK /'neɡətɪv/

      • Noun
      • The opposite to a positive electrical charge
      • In grammar, containing words such as 'no' or 'not'
      • Adjective
      • Being harmful, unwanted or unhelpful
      • In mathematics, being less than zero
      A2
      More
    • neutral

      US /ˈnu:trəl/

      UK /ˈnju:trəl/

      • Adjective
      • Something with pH value of 7
      • Having no positive or negative electrical charge
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Color that is dull and not bright, such as gray
      • The rest position for gears in a car or vehicle
      B1
      More
    • other than

      US

      UK

      • Preposition
      • Except for; apart from.
      • Conjunction
      • Different from.
      A1
      More
    • outside of

      US /aʊtˈsaɪd ʌv/

      UK /ˌautˈsaid ɔv/

      • Preposition
      • Located or situated beyond the boundaries or confines of something.
      • Beyond the scope, range, or limits of something.
      A1
      More
    • picked it up

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To acquire or obtain something.
      • To learn something, often without formal instruction.
      A1
      More
    • psychology

      US /saɪˈkɑlədʒi/

      UK /saɪ'kɒlədʒɪ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • The study of the mind and how it affects behavior
      • Way in which a person or group thinks and behaves
      C2
      More
    • rat

      US /ræt/

      UK /ræt/

      • Countable Noun
      • Long-tailed rodent similar to/bigger than a mouse
      • Person who is not loyal and reveals secrets
      B1
      More
    • regardless of

      US /rɪˈɡɑrdlɪs ʌv/

      UK /riˈɡɑ:dlis ɔv/

      • Phrase
      • Preposition
      • Without being affected or influenced by something; despite.
      A2
      More
    • reinforcement

      US /ˌriɪnˈfɔrsmənt, -ˈfors-/

      UK /ˌri:ɪn'fɔ:smənt/

      • Noun
      • Act of strengthening or supporting an army
      • Act of strengthening or adding support to
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • school of thought

      US

      UK

      • Noun
      • A particular philosophy or set of beliefs; a way of thinking.
      • A particular approach or method.
      B1
      More
    • stimulus

      US /ˈstɪmjələs/

      UK /ˈstɪmjələs/

      • Noun
      • Something that causes a change
      B2
      More
    • touch on

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To briefly discuss
      A1
      More
    • used to

      US /juzd tu/

      UK /ˈju:st tə/

      • Adjective
      • Did regularly before, but don't do now
      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Have done before, but do not do now
      A1
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B2
    #CrashCourse#conditioning#skinner#pavlov#reinforcement#behavior

    How to Train a Brain - Crash Course Psychology #11

    0
    稲葉白兎 posted on 2014/10/26
    Ever wondered why we do the things we do? This Crash Course video dives into the fascinating world of classical and operant conditioning, explaining how behaviorists like Pavlov and Skinner shaped our understanding of learning. You'll pick up some awesome advanced vocabulary and gain a deeper cultural insight into psychology!

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