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  • This goo can be made into a plastic-like film that can cover all kinds of food and you can eat it.

  • The process that makes this possible takes place in a high-tech lab.

  • But the raw materials come from seaweed farms.

  • Companies around the world are racing to find eco-friendly versions of the thinnest packaging.

  • It's the stuff that makes up about half of all plastics in our oceans.

  • Neha Jain says she's invented a product that could replace it.

  • We make clear, thin films, which we call the good plastic or the kinder form of plastic.

  • Farming seaweed requires no fertilizers, fresh water or land.

  • Neha and her team say their product is nontoxic and completely dissolves in liquid within hours.

  • They call the company Zerocircle, a nod toward reducing emissions and waste to zero.

  • And right now, this startup is competing against seven other plastic alternative companies for a $1.2 million prize.

  • We traveled to India to see how seaweed can replace plastic food wrappers.

  • While extracting this new material requires state-of-the-art gear, farming the seaweed used to make it, uses only the simplest tools.

  • Dilip Kumar owns this seaweed farm and supplies Zerocircle with its raw materials.

  • And this stuff grows fast.

  • See, we harvest every 45 days once from the date of seeding.

  • Dilip hires locals like Coro Pia to build bamboo rafts.

  • At one time, fishing dominated this area.

  • But in recent years, more locals have been making a living farming seaweed.

  • They're working in the same waters where they were used to fish earlier, and now they're able to cultivate.

  • And with over 4500 miles of coastline, India has quite a bit of space to grow it.

  • Seedlings get attached to ropes on each raft and each knot holds one seedlings.

  • Lakshmi has been farming seaweed for 18 years and she says, locals perception of this business has changed quite a bit.

  • Everyone used to say that growing seeweed caused dieases, and it will destroy fish.

  • Now, even the fish are growing by eating them.

  • Every part of this operation is done by hand, including hauling full rafts in for harvest.

  • If it hasn't been eaten by fish for 45 days, the seeweed will weigh more than 245kg per raft.

  • Workers cut the seaweed, but leave some segments to regrow.

  • Then the seaweed dries in the sun.

  • After about 36 hours, Laxmi removes dried salt, seagrass and other contaminants.

  • The dried seaweed lays out in the sun for a few more days before heading to Zerocircle's lab.

  • For these farmers, seaweed provides a livelihood but it's not always easy.

  • You don't know what comes in the ocean for you today.

  • It's like a surprise box every day, and you keep solving the puzzle every day.

  • They do what they can to protect their crop from wind, waves and hungry fish.

  • Commercial seaweed farming around the world has increased a thousandfold since 1950.

  • But experts warn that large and rapid increases in seaweed farming could have unintended consequences.

  • Rafts of seaweed can block light and change the way water flows to the ecosystem below.

  • And if farming operations are not managed properly, it can be devastating.

  • In 2013, a bacteria decimated the seaweed industry in the Philippines.

  • Studies show the disease spread easily among rafts that were placed too close together.

  • Here at Zerocircle's lab in Pune, seaweed transforms into plastic alternatives.

  • First, the dried seaweed goes through several washing and milling steps.

  • Notice how free-flowing this is.

  • Clean water washes impurities away.

  • The washed seaweed then goes into a reactor to be heated.

  • The carbohydrates inside seaweed are what's needed to make plastic-like material.

  • This material is extremely gel-like and viscous.

  • Technicians add solvents, it's strained and then we get this.

  • You can see the gel start to clump together in the beaker.

  • The next stop is this device called a rotary evaporator.

  • It removes solvents until it's refined into a more free-flowing gel.

  • Then it's put into a cast to mold and dry.

  • If you notice, this forms a nice, think gel.

  • It can be removed from the plate in a few minutes.

  • And when stretched thinner, the seaweed mix comes out looking like the familiar film companies used to package food.

  • Zerocircle's film can be sealed with heat, just like plastic wrap.

  • But unlike conventional plastic, it dissolves in water.

  • In boiling water, it's a matter of moments; in seawater, the team says the film would be gone within 2-4 hours, and it takes up to four months in a compost pile.

  • Zerocircle designed a product compatible with existing machinery, meaning that manufacturers wouldn't need new equipment to make the plastic-free film.

  • These pellets are then put into a manufacturing line, which come out as clear, thin firms.

  • We're not disrupting it, but we're sort of retrofitting our product into it.

  • And the company plans to begin selling pellets by 2024.

  • The idea is that manufacturers could make edible, biodegradable forms of many products,

  • like dissolvable soup and tea bag packets, wrappers for burgers, gift wraps, fashioned packaging, and good old grocery store bags.

  • They have very, very good capacity.

  • They can hold up to 5 to 8 kg in a single shopping bag.

  • While these plastic alternatives offer great environmental benefits, traditional plastic film made from oil is still cheaper.

  • We are trying to solve two big problems.

  • One is make a fantastic material, and make the material at a cost that people are able to use it.

  • So Zerocircle claims to have an eco-friendly plastic alternative that it wants to scale up.

  • But it's not alone.

  • The company is one of eight finalists for the Tom Ford Plastic Innovation Prize.

  • The fashion designer partnered with Lonely Whale, a nonprofit that played a huge role in the movement to eliminate plastic drinking straws.

  • They're offering $1.2 million to find alternatives for thin plastic films.

  • I was ecstatic.

  • We almost missed the deadline because we did not know about it.

  • Four of the finalists this year employ seaweed alternatives.

  • The seaweed community is not very competitive.

  • They're very friendly with each other, and we're all friends.

  • We talk about the same problems.

  • Judges took over a year to make sure the winning companies solution is more than just marketing.

  • Scientists ran each product through a battery of experiments.

  • Samples sat in ocean water for months in the same conditions conventional ocean plastic would.

  • Those junk on it.

  • Other trials assessed how the plastic alternatives might affect wildlife.

  • The finalists and the controls are going to sit in a simulated whale gut for 24 hours.

  • When Insider published this video, the winner of the Tom Ford Prize had not been announced.

  • We'll add a link in the description to the winning companies.

  • I think it's probably one of the longest-running challenges that we've been part of.

  • But they're doing this right, and I think that's what makes it special.

  • Neha was inspired in part by her own consumption.

  • I always had that guilt that I think every millennial has about the amount of pollution that we are creating on a daily basis.

  • So Zerocircle is not only looking at plastic films but the things we may not think about much.

  • Brands that are switching to paper are still attaching plastic linings, glues, coatings.

  • But Neha and Zerocircle are working to switch even those parts out with seaweed.

  • This is first time we have developed the seaweed-based glue.

  • This is formaldehyde-free and volatile, organic-compound-free.

  • It works on cardboard, paper and wood with quite a bit of strength.

  • So Zerocircle's future could be growing as fast as seaweed.

  • And there was an ocean of opportunity that nobody was looking at, which I felt like for a country like India, it's unfathomable why people would not look at that opportunity.

This goo can be made into a plastic-like film that can cover all kinds of food and you can eat it.

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