You're probably keeping a secret right now.

When we keep a secret,

we're often trying to protect something.

Maybe we're trying to protect

ourselves and our reputation,

or what other people think of us,

or maybe we're trying to protect

someone we care about.

But when we hold back from other people,

it's not always protecting the thing

that we're hoping to protect,

and it often brings harm

to our personal health and wellbeing.

That can feel really isolating,

and it can feel like it's something

you should be ashamed of.

And feelings of shame are one of

the most toxic emotions

that we can have for our health.

When we feel ashamed,

we feel like we're a bad person

and that there's nothing

we can do to change that.

But also, that secret is gonna be

on your mind quite frequently,

and your mind is gonna return

to that secret time and time again.

We're living with those secrets alone in our thoughts,

and when we choose to be alone with something,

we often don't develop the healthiest way

of thinking about that thing.

Once you better understand

how your secrets are hurting you,

you can have a better sense of

how you can cope with them.

My name is Michael Slepian.

I'm a professor at Columbia,

and I study the psychology of secrecy.

My book is called "The Secret Life of Secrets:

How Our Inner World Shape Well-Being,

Relationships, and Who We Are."

Not all secrets are bad,

sometimes secrets are good

and sometimes we feel good

about the secrets we're keeping:

surprise parties, announcing a pregnancy,

proposing marriage to someone,

or maybe it's a sense of status

that comes from having a workplace secret.

What makes something a secret

is when you intend to hold back

this particular information from one or more people-

and we can distinguish secrecy from privacy.

Privacy is not a specific intent

to hold information back,

but it's just needing to be comfortable enough

in the moment to reveal something sensitive.

And our secrets can range from

totally trivial to troubling.

When I first started this research,

one of the most important questions

to understand is what do people keep secret?

We didn't even have a good understanding of that.

And so I asked a couple thousand people,

'What's the secret you're currently keeping?'

And we found 38 different categories,

and we know that these 38 categories

of secrets are really comprehensive

because when I ask someone open-ended,

'What is the secret you're currently keeping?'

92% of the time,

it fits one of the 38 categories from the list-

and 97% of people say they have

at least one of the secrets

from the list right now.

And the average person

has 13 of those secrets

at any given moment in time.

The top five most common secrets are about:

lies we've told,

romantic desire,

our finances and money,

sexual behavior,

and what I call 'extra-relational thoughts,'

where you're in a romantic relationship with someone

and you're having some romantic thought

about another person.

Other common secrets are:

family secrets,

secret ambitions,

secret beliefs,

secret discontents, whether at work,

social life, romantic life,

or our physical appearance.

I forgot what my last item was.

Oh yeah, cheating.

A secret can harm you,

unfortunately so many ways,

in that even if you're not hiding

the secret in a given moment,

it still could be burdensome to you.

It could still be harming your well-being

and that's because people frequently

feel ashamed of their secrets,

isolated with their secrets,

inauthentic for keeping those secrets.

And when the secret deals

with something that is an ongoing struggle

or something we're trying to figure out,

when we're alone with something,

we tend to not figure it out.

We're more likely to ruminate on that thing-

and rumination is not just repetitive thinking,

it's repetitive negative thinking.

So it's all too easy to find

the worst way to think about a secret

when we're alone with it.

Psychologist John Cacioppo said something

once to the effect of,

"Loneliness is so harmful to your health

that it's equivalent to smoking

a pack of cigarettes a day."

And it just goes to show you

that social relationships are such

a huge part of life

and feeling satisfied with that life.

And when we choose to keep a secret

in a very small way

or sometimes big way,

we're choosing loneliness.

We're choosing to be alone with something.

But we don't have to be.

It's all too easy to forget about

the other side of secrecy

which is that sharing a secret

with another person is a profound act of intimacy.

If it takes courage to reveal something to someone,

they'll recognize that.

When you make yourself vulnerable

or when you place your trust in another person,

this is the stuff of intimate relationships,

and revealing these kinds of things

is how we become known.

Mutual disclosure with others

is one of the strongest predictors

of relationship strength.

It can feel really good

to reveal a secret to someone.

It can feel really good

to have that weight lifted from your shoulders,

but it turns out,

that's not what is helpful

about revealing a secret.

It's not that moment of catharsis.

It's what happens after that,

because the average person

responds in a helpful way.

The prototypical experience people have

with confiding a secret is a helpful one.

And that might be in part

because we've chosen our confidants carefully,

but it's also because there's so much

that other people can offer

that are really hard to find on our own.

Someone can validate your experience

or express sympathy and say,

"That must be so hard,

or I'm here for you,"

or give guidance or advice or emotional support.

These are things that are

so hard to find on our own,

but are really easy

for someone to provide to us.

And so often, that's what

makes revealing a secret beneficial.

If you ask a young child

to tell you what a secret is,

they might tell you that

it's something you would only share

with your best friend.

They understand secrets are meant to be shared.

This is how we get close to people.

This is how we become known.

This is how we get help.

And when you choose to keep a secret,

you are forgoing all those benefits.

You don't have to share it

with the person you're keeping it from,

but talking about it with someone else

often is so profoundly helpful.

It deepens that relationship,

and gets you the help that you need.