I'll be listening practice parts three and four by A.

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Now answer while you listen, just like in the official exam afterwards, I will give you strategies and the answer key so you can get those high band scores.

Let's begin.

Now turn to section three, Take some time to look at questions.

21-26 listening Section three, you will hear a radio host and his guest discussing the virtues of various art forms.

Now listen carefully and answer questions.

21 2 26.

All right, welcome back everyone.

Our next guest is the curator of a major art gallery in the city who has just released his second book on the virtues of art.

We're pleased to have mr Edgar Patterson here today.

Welcome to the show sir.

Thank you for having me on.

It's a pleasure to be here.

And please call me Edgar Edgar of course.

Now in your first book, published four years ago, you focused on performance, art works such as plays, musical concerts, films and other such works.

Your second book is a little closer to home for you.

It concerns purely creative fine art.

Well, yes, it deals with the aesthetic virtue of different painting styles.

Okay, so give our viewers a quick rundown on what your book is about.

Does it make an argument?

I mean, does your book take a position on a certain issue in the world of art?

Yes, My book does take a position and a rather radical one.

The main thesis of my book is that the meaning we associate with the painting exists purely within ourselves.

This is in stark contrast to many commentators who believe that the author of a painting gives the painting, it's meaning under this framework.

If an artist intends his painting to represent the fear of an orphan child, then this is the one and only meaning such a painting can have.

We might call this the intention theory of art.

Conversely, my theory is that no matter what the intention of the other is the meaning of the painting comes from the viewer.

The meaning is exactly what the viewer thinks it is.

This solves an important problem with the intention theory of art, namely that we do not have access to the mind of the artist and therefore we do not have access to the painting's meaning at all.

Very interesting Edgar, but doesn't the intention theory work as a sort of grounding for artistic analysis.

What I mean is while we might not know the meaning the artist intended isn't the point of art to try to discern this meaning.

If art is just whatever we want it to be or feel it as doesn't that somehow make it less valuable?

That's an astute critique of my position.

But one I have an answer for my response is that art is not merely what we want it to be or feel it as we can still participate in our critique and interpretation.

All I want to say is, in the end, it is up to us to discern the meaning and value of paintings on our own.

You now have some time to look at questions 27 2 30.

Now, listen to the rest of the discussion And answer questions.

27 2 30.

Now, let's talk about one type of controversial art, abstract art.

How does your can I call it a subjective theory of meaning?

Yes, that is fair.

Okay.

How does your subjective theory of meaning apply to something like modern or abstract art art, which doesn't tell an obvious story or have a clear meaning?

Many people think that such works of art have no meaning at all.

It's certainly an interesting case, but one which my theory is well matched to deal with.

You see, abstract art has its critics, like you say, they think it has no meaning at all.

However, other people think abstract works of art have all sorts of meanings now.

Under the intention theory, most of these commentators will be wrong since the work of art either has a meaning or it doesn't, and if it does, then it only has a single meaning.

So under the intention theory, only those critics who discern the specific meaning of the artists will be successful.

My theory, however, results in each critic being correct in their own way.

For example, if after critically analyzing a certain abstract work of art, I determine it is meaningless, then it is meaningless because the meaning of an artwork comes from within.

I cannot be wrong and neither can other people.

The critic who sees a metaphor for suffering and the critic who views it as something entirely different, are both right.

We are all correct in our interpretation.

As long as we're given the painting a fair critique.

What do you mean by a fair critique?

Well, I mean, it is not enough to merely look at the painting and write it off immediately as meaningless.

One must go through a certain process that said.

There are certainly other things That is the end of Section three.

Now turn to section four.

Take some time to look at questions.

31-40, listening Section Four, you will hear a lecture about road infrastructure and its connection to economic prosperity.

Now listen carefully And answer questions, 31 to 40 roads have been connected to economic prosperity for millennia.

The first roads were thought to have been created by repeated animal grazing and then utilized by humans, has already made routes for travel between adjacent lands.

These roads, evidence for which exists going back 12,000 years, were likely not connected so much to economic prosperity as to survival itself.

These roads allowed hunter gatherers faster access to greater swaths of land.

The first paved roads were used in ancient Egypt about 4500 years ago, historians theorize that these roads were the first roads used for trade in our history.

These roads also would have been used to transport items such as building supplies.

The rivers were much more practical thoroughfares for the transport of goods.

Certain goods from certain areas could not be transported by boat, and this necessitated the creation of roads for economic reasons.

The Silk Road, though not precisely erode, is one of the most famous trade routes in history, composed of many types of road.

The Silk Road stretched from china and Thailand in the east, all the way through the Middle East and terminating in Western europe.

These different routes of the Silk Road brought myriad items from the east to the west, including of course silk.

This brought economic prosperity to china and surrounding regions for many centuries.

The Silk Road was so valuable for commerce that it persisted for over 1500 years.

The roman Empire was the first major manufacturer of a system of roads At its height.

The Roman empire contained 29 major roads totaling over 75,000 km, that's enough road to go around the world.

Twice notably, this is almost a precise total length of the modern United States Interstate highway system.

These roads connected the vast lands of the Empire and brought an intertwined economic prosperity to the diverse regions of the Empire.

Furthermore, the roads were used for military transportation, giving the romans a massive strategic advantage over their less advanced adversaries through the Middle Ages, Roads continued to be built and used for trade and commerce though technological advances were virtually non existent, Though Tar-based roads were used briefly in the Arab Empire in the 8th century.

This technology would not take off for another millennium Today, our roads and highways connect our communities, countries and economies, They are the modern trade routes by which we are all connected to each other.

The modern world would not be possible without the vast expanse of road infrastructure.

One interesting development in the history of road infrastructure was the advent of underground systems.

The first such system, the London Underground Opened in 1863.

Such subterranean roots greatly increase the volume of human life that a city can sustain, Thus increasing that city's economic output.

London would not be a fraction of the economic powerhouse it is today, without its underground rail system, the same can be said for virtually every other major economic center.

Underground systems are the next generation of economic generators.

While roads move goods, which create economic prosperity, underground systems move human capital, which creates further economic prosperity, What is the next great advance in ground transportation?

Some futurists have theorized about a system of tubes propelled by air pressure or other means, which would transport individuals vast distances.

In short times.

Such a system could move humans at unprecedented speeds.

Perhaps with an economic footprint far less than that of subterranean networks.

Such tubes could even be built underwater.

Imagine such a system connecting new york to London or Tokyo to san Francisco.

It would be incredible whatever lies ahead for humanity.

Roads have gotten us to where we are and they are very likely to play a prominent role in getting us to where we will be next in one form or another.

That is the end of Section four.

You will now have half a minute to check your answers.

Let's take a look at the answer key and see how many you got correct.

Remember spelling and capitalization matters.

You can write in all uppercase letters as long as you have the right spelling.

It will be marked correctly after you've watched parts one and two of this listening practice.

You can add together your scores and then using our website at a help dot com forward slash score calculator.

You can convert your raw score from 40 to your band score out of nine afterwards we'll talk some strategies.

Now let's take a look at the answer key.

Another important tip, especially for parts three and four of listening is pay attention to paraphrasing paraphrasing means to express the same ideas using different words, especially for parts three and four.

The questions often paraphrase the audio meaning that in the questions you will not see the same words that you hear, rather you will see synonyms and to the negatives like stay don't go.

You will also see descriptive paraphrasing and grammatical paraphrasing be familiar with the different kinds of paraphrasing and make sure to pay attention to these so you can catch the correct answers.

Last but not least.

An important tip to apply in the listening section is logic isles is a logical exam.

They don't try to purposefully confuse you when you use information that you've already learned from your past schooling as well as your experiences.

And you apply logic to the questions.

You can often figure out the correct answers in the listening section, even if you've missed the information in the audio.

So if you had to skip a question, then don't panic.

Look for logic.