Subtitles section Play video Print subtitles This episode of real engineering is brought to you by Skillshare. Home to 15,000 classes that could teach you a new life skill. The first 400 people to sign up using the link in the description will get a 2 month free trial. World War one was a static, grueling war. Weapon technology had advanced quickly, but the technology to carry these weapons lagged behind, resulting in bloody face offs between entrenched armies. No battle embodies this ghastly form of war more than the Battle of Verdun on the Meuse river, which was the longest battle of world war one: lasting 300 days with over 1 million casualties, a stalemate where territory was won with the lives of the men brave enough to push forward into the storm of bullets and explosive shells raining from all directions. 26 years later the Germans crossed this same river in a single day empowered by immense improvements in motorized vehicles. Most notably the tank. The Germans created a new form of warfare where battles were fought and won before the victim even understood what was happening. With these machines in your arsenal, trench warfare was obsolete. War was no longer two-dimensional. In one moment you were ducking for cover anticipating an explosion as the whir of swarming dive bombers filled your ears, the next you're facing a wall of armored vehicles. This of course was the infamous blitzkrieg which Germany employed to take over the majority of Europe with eerie efficiency. Europe would get its first taste of this lightning war on September 1st, 1939 when 1.5 million German troops invaded Poland. The German invasion of Poland was a battle of epic disproportions. The Luftwaffe flew ahead armed with Younker 87 Stuka dive-bombers which were fitted with horrifying sirens (which were simply high revving propellers fitted to the landing gear of the plane). They were designed to cause mass panic and fear among civilians and enemy troops alike. They destroyed strategic positions and caused civilians to flee and interfere with supply lines, softening the border defenses before the German armoured divisions broke through, like a spear point through inadequate armor. Followed by motorized German infantry who formed a supply column reinforcing the frontline with fuel and ammunition. Never stopping to celebrate, always pushing forward and keeping the pressure on. Any troops that did not retreat fast enough where encircled and decimated this pattern was repeated. And in a single week, German troops advanced 225 kilometers onto Warsaw's doorstep, despise Poland mobilising 1 million men to fight back. One famous battle on this first day of war, often mistold, involved a valiant Calvary rush of the Polish army on the German infantry, dispersing them and delaying their advancement long enough to allow the Polish first rifle battalion to retreat. Only then German tanks appeared and fired upon them forcing the horsed units to retreat. German propaganda announced the stupidity of Polish commanders sending cavalry armed with sabres and lance's against armoured vehicles, when in reality they were armed with anti-tank rifles which were capable of penetrating 15mm of armor at 300 metres at 30 degrees. The Panzer 1 and 2 used in this battle were vulnerable to this weapon. On September 28th, four weeks after the first shot was fired, the Polish capital surrendered to the relentless German siege, while Russia took the east. This proved the effectiveness of the blitzkrieg and sent shockwaves through Europe. On May 10th 1940, Germany launched an invasion of the low countries of Holland, Belgium, and Luxembourg. Luxembourg with its 400 infantry and 12 cavalry fell in a single day. Belgium's defense, centered around the Eben-Emael fort with 1200 men, also fell in a single day. This fortress was one of the strongest in the world but was created with 2D-strategic maneuvers in mind. It took about 500 German special forces landing with gliders to disable Eben-Emael's major defenses. They removed explosive charges from nearby bridges, ensuring a clear route for German reinforcements. Others landed inside the force planting their own explosive charges and throwing grenades into bunkers and destroying artillery. Where they couldn't overcome defenders, they called for airstrikes from Stuka dive bombers. Holland, despite having advanced warning of the imminent invasion, were caught off guard by merciless bombing of their cities by the Luftwaffe, followed by the deployment of the 7th and 22nd Airborne Division's. Germany now had a direct northern route into Franc. The Allies were prepared for this threat and focused their best troops on the northern border. Leaving the heavily fortified border between Germany and France relatively low-manned. The invasion of the low countries was not intended as an invasion route. It was a diversion and on May 12th the spearhead of the German blitzkrieg broke through what was once called the impenetrable defense of the rough mountainous and heavily wooded area of the Ardennes. Quickly enveloping and trapping the 400,000 Allied troops stationed to defend the assumed invasion from the north. Culminating in the Battle of Dunkirk, where thousands of civilian ships sailed from Britain to save stranded soldiers. A month later, on June 22nd the French surrendered to Germany. The French were simply not prepared for the speed and ferocity of this type of warfare, despite having tanks more than capable of taking on the German Panzers in one-on-one battle. For example the French S-35 was arguably the best tank at the outbreak of the war. It had good balance between Armour mobility and firepower. It was more than capable of taking on the Panzer ones and twos that formed the brunt of the armoured divisions, and it's forward-facing armor could even withstand direct hits from the German heavy tank the Panzer 4. Where the s-35 failed was its lack of numbers: with only 440 built. Had the French been prepared, and built enough tanks, they could have defeated the German invasion. The Germans were more than aware of this outclassing of their tanks, and led them into pushing further to create larger tanks with thicker and thicker armor, and larger and larger guns. They pushed the boundaries and experimented with gigantic tanks, like the Panzer VIII, which still, to this day, is the heaviest fully enclosed armored fighting vehicle ever built. Real Life Lores just uploaded a video about the crazy designs of tanks the Germans came up with. Here he is to tell you a little more about them. [Real Life Lores:] The Panzer VIII Maus weighed 188 tons: over three times heavier than a TIger I tank. It's 128 millimeter main gun was enough to destroy all allied armored vehicles then in service at ranges exceeding 3,500 metres. Only