Welcome to news review from BBC Learning English.

I'm Neil.

Joining me is Katherine on the other side of London.

Hi, Catherine.

Hello, Neil.

Hello, everyone.

Yes, we've got an important story for you today.

It's about the transmission off diseases from animals to humans.

On what, if anything, we need to do to stop this happening.

Okay, Well, everything you learn in this program, you could test yourself on a website.

Has a quiz at BBC learning english dot com.

Now, let's hear more about that story from this BBC news report Ebola, West Nile fever, SARS and, of course, covered 19 are all zoonotic diseases.

They started in animals and made the jump to humans.

But that jump isn't automatic.

It is driven, the new report says, by factors such as our increased demand for animal protein, unsustainable agricultural practices on climate change.

The U.

N.

Environment program suggests we could do better at controlling zoonotic diseases with an interdisciplinary approach that unites human, animal and environmental health.

Yes.

So the last few years have seen several diseases making the jump from animals to humans.

Now the United Nations are saying this is not a coincidence.

It is a result off human activity on if humans want to stop the spread of disease from animals to humans, we have to change our behavior.

Okay, well, what language is being used in the media to talk about this story?

What have you found, Catherine?

We're going to look out today.

Outlines steady stream on break.

The chain outlines steady stream on break the chain.

Let's start with your first headline, please.

So, first we're looking at U N news.

The headline New U.

N.

Report outlines ways to curb growing spread off animal to human diseases.

Outlines gives the main idea.

That's right.

It's one word made of two parts O u t out on lines L I N E s.

We pronounce it outlines now, Neo, are you an artist?

By any chance?

I really enjoy art.

But I am not a NA artist, unfortunately, okay, like may then.

So if you're going to draw a picture of May, how would you start?

What would be the first thing you did?

Well, I suppose I would try to get the main idea down on the paper so that for me would be drawing the lines around the outside of your face and hair, maybe.

Okay, so you draw just one line covering the shape that's around the outside of May.

Essentially okay, so that one line going around the outside of something to show where it is without the details you're not filling in any of the details.

That's called an outline on.

Whilst good artists often don't do art that way.

A lot of people do draw a circle for the head.

Then you do a line for the nose, two lines for the lips, that sort of very basic drawing that shows you the basic shape of something.

That drawing is an outline.

It doesn't have details.

It doesn't have a lot of information.

It just shows you the basic idea.

And that's what outlines means.

It's a verb in this headline, and it means the gives the basic plan without a lot of details.

Yeah, also used as a noun thio an outline and to give an outline.

Yes, after we used to give an outline, that's a verb on.

Then the proposition off you can give an outline off your plan.

That means you talk in very basic details without giving lots of any details about something you can give a basic outline of a plan.

You can give an outline off theory.

Often idea off a proposal, but it's often to do with giving basically information about something that you're planning to do.

Yeah, plan is a key word here.

Often used with plan Very much so, Yes.

You can outline the plan or you can give an outline off a plan.

That's right.

Okay, let's have a summary.

Can you?

Okay.

And now we're going to the Independent here in the U.

K.

The headline U N warns off steady stream of infectious diseases unless world tackles wildlife exploitation.

Steady stream, continuous flow off something.

Yes.

Now, this is a two word expression on the words are separate Steady.

S t e a D Y on stream.

S T r E a M Now, Neil, you know what a stream is, don't you?

I know what a stream is.

A stream is like a little river.

A little narrow river.

Yes.

As small body off water, like a river, but much smaller.

You can usually jump across a stream or you can walk through a stream from one side to another it contains water, the water flows.

It may flow quickly.

It may flow slowly.

Or it may flow steadily neither quickly nor slowly not speeding up, not slowing down.

So a steady stream means a continuous flow.

Now, if we look at our headline, the U.

N is warning about a steady stream of infectious diseases.

It means that there will be mawr off these diseases spreading from animals to humans.

On they will have this spread will be steady.

It will happen regularly on a regular intervals.

Yeah, we're talking about something one after another, one after one after another, not speeding up, not slowing down, but it will keep on happening.

Okay, let's have a summary of that, please.

Can you?

Yeah.

So what this story is telling us is that humans have to change their behavior in order to prevent the spread of these diseases.

One way suggested by many of changing that behavior is to go vegan.

And we've got a story on that haven't way we have.

If you go vegan, you stop eating or using animal products.

It's quite the thing to do these days.

If you want to find out more about being a vegan.

Just click the link down here and you can watch the show.

Okay, you're next headline, then, please.

Yes.

And we're back with the U.

N this time.

U N environment The headline preventing the next pandemic Zoonotic diseases Aunt How to break the chain off transmission?

Break the chain Stop a Siri's off related events.

Yes, and without final phrase today we've got three words.

All separate Break B r e a k a the th e on chain C h a i n break the chain neo Make it three out of three.

You know what a chain is, don't you?

I know what a chain is.

I've got a chain on my bicycle.

Eso It's one piece of metal attached to another piece of metal attached to another piece of metal and it goes around.

And each one is very important for the next one because together they make the bike go forward.

Okay, So lots of small pieces of metal linked together, and together they make something happen.

Absolutely.

But if one of those elements gets broken, the whole thing stops very important explanation.

I'm glad you said that, Neil.

That's right.

If you break the chain.

If you break your bicycle chain, your bicycle won't move.

Now, this chain isn't a really chain in the sense of pieces of metal, but there are lots of each link in this chain is about an event that causes another event that causes another event on together.

These events are causing the spread off disease from animals to humans.

The United Nations is saying we must change what we do and break this chain.

We must stop these events happening, for example, by eating less meat, and then we have less contact with animals.

That will mean there is less opportunity for diseases to spread from animals to humans.

So breaking the chain means stopping the Siris of events which are causing, in this case, these diseases.

But you can use it in lots of other situations as well caught you kneel, for example, child behavior.

That's right.

Yes, we can talk about chains of events with behavior.

For example, perhaps you have a child or, you know, a child who makes a lot of fuss around mealtimes on.

There might be a chain of behavior that's connected to a lack of attention that you give the child?

Normally, yes, on.

If you change the way that you respond to your child, you will break the behavior.

Chain of events and the child will behave differently.

That's the idea.

That is the idea.

Okay, let's have a summary of that.

Let's have a recap of our vocabulary.

Yes, we had outlines.

Gives the main ideas steady stream continuous flow off something on break the chain.

Stop a Siri's off related events.

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Good bye.

Bye, everyone.