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  • Okay, so if you're watching this, there's been a big problem.

  • You've touched something that you didn't realize was a time machine, and you've inadvertently been transported back through time, and you have no idea where or when you are.

  • Understandably, this is a highly stressful situation for you, but have no fear.

  • Through this quick and simple tutorial, you'll be able to quickly and hopefully safely be able to figure out what year you're actually trapped in.

  • And from that you'll hopefully be able to survive.

  • All right, so first things first, let's start from the very beginning.

  • Has the Big Bang happened yet?

  • If not, that's a pretty weird and you're stuck sometime before 13.8 billion years ago.

  • I can't really help you very much with that.

  • So hopefully the answer to that question was, yes, it has happened.

  • So if so, the next important question asked is, is there a planet where the earth is supposed to be?

  • If there isn't Well, you're trapped.

  • Sometime between 13.8 and 4.54 billion years ago and you're probably pretty screwed unless you have a space suit.

  • If Earth does exist, proceed to question three.

  • Are you immediately being consumed by molten lava?

  • If yes, then it's very important for you to look up and see if the Earth has a moon or not.

  • Yet before you die, if there is no moon, well, it means you're on a very narrow window of 40 million years between 4.54 4.5 billion years ago.

  • Unfortunately for you, a proto planet is going to collide with Earth during this time eventually.

  • So you're gonna violently die no matter what.

  • On the other hand, if you do see a moon, it means that you're still drowning in lava.

  • But at least you get to watch the moon rotating around between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago onto question.

  • For now, if you're not immediately melting, are you immediately suffocating and unable to breathe?

  • Because if you are your, unfortunately, between 3.8 billion and 850 million years ago, when the earth was full of carbon dioxide, and it didn't have enough oxygen yet for you to breathe.

  • So basically, if you aren't immediately dying your sometime after 850 million years ago, which is great.

  • So question five.

  • Do you see any animals wandering around on the land?

  • If you don't, you're going to be extremely lonely, and you're between 850 million and 530 million years ago.

  • If you do, though, do you see any plants along with them?

  • Because if you only see animals and not any plants, it means you're stuck somewhere between 530 million and 450 million years ago.

  • It won't be necessarily pretty, but at least you've got some pretty quirky little animals to hang out with.

  • Okay, next up, Do you see any dinosaurs?

  • If yes, it's still kind of sucks, but you're somewhere between 232 million and 65 million years ago.

  • The other question that ties into this one, though, is Do you see any mammals, mammals and dinosaurs evolved alongside one another, so if you don't see any mammals, you probably don't see any dinosaurs either, and you're probably stuck.

  • Sometime before 232 million years ago with the amphibians.

  • If you only see mammals and no dinosaurs, it means that you're sometime after 65 million years ago, which probably leads us into the most important question.

  • Do you see any humans or creatures that look like humans lurking around?

  • Because if you don't well, we already know that you're sometime after 65 million years ago.

  • If you only see other mammals, so do you happen to know what continent you're standing on?

  • That's important because humans arrived in different parts of the world at different times.

  • There weren't any modern humans in the Americas prior to around 16,000 years ago or in Europe before 40,000 years ago, Australia before 46,000 years ago, Asia before 80,000 years ago or Africa before 200 50,000 years ago.

  • If you somehow found yourself time traveling to Antarctica, is it warm outside?

  • If it is your sometime before 15 million years ago, and if it's not and you don't see any other humans, you might be some time before 1947 the year when the first permanent human base was set up on the continent, and if you're on an island, this could get a little trickier.

  • Humans didn't arrive on Madagascar until around 500 ce.

  • Iceland didn't have humans before the late ninth century Hawaii didn't have anybody until around 900 New Zealand was uninhabited until after 1200.

  • So if you don't see people your between 65 million years ago and any of these times depending on where in the world you are next up, if you do see other humans, do you only see homo SAPIENs, Neanderthals or a mix of various human species?

  • Because if you only see Neanderthals and no homo SAPIENs, you're between 250,000 and 200,000 B c E.

  • And you're stuck with them.

  • So have fun.

  • If you see humans and Neanderthals together or other human species.

  • On the other hand, it means that you're somewhere between 200,000 and 25,000 B.

  • C E, which is the upper end for our estimates when Neanderthals went extinct.

  • If you happen to be in Papua New Guinea, though, you might be up until 15,000 years ago because the Denisov in human population may have survived.

  • There up until then, All right, so if you only see humans that look like modern humans, the next big question is this.

  • Are they acting relatively normal?

  • Like, Do you see evidence of culture, burials or language?

  • Because if not, you're still probably trapped between 200,000 and 50,000 BC, and you just haven't met the Neanderthals yet.

  • However, if the humans are acting normal to what you would expect, then you know you're after 50,000 b c e.

  • So narrow it down even further.

  • You probably need a quick astronomy lesson, depending on which hemisphere you time travel to the brightest constellations that air Easiest a spot are the Big Dipper in the north and the Southern Cross in the south.

  • Thes constellations are the brightest because the stars and make them up are located closer to Earth, and most, which means that their movements over time are observable.

  • So out of these three choices, which one is the closest to what you're currently seeing in the night sky?

  • Option one means you're indeed somewhere around 50,000 B.

  • C E option to meet here sometime around 25,000 BC and option three means you're sometime around the modern era.

  • So if you see Option three, do you see any evidence of these humans lurking about farming?

  • Or is it only hunter gatherers?

  • Still, if it's still just hunting and gathering, you're probably between 25,000 and 10,005 100 B, c e or alternatively, it could be yesterday on North Sentinel Island, where UN contacted hunter gatherers still exist.

  • But if you do see farming, the answer of where you are can get complicated.

  • Different parts of the world came up with farming in different points in time.

  • You see if you're in the Middle East, for example in see it your post 10,500 BC.

  • If you see domestic sheep, your post 9000 BC and cattle would be post 8500 BC If you're in China, Farming is post 8000 BC India is after 7000 BC Mezzo America is after 6700 BC and Europe isn't until around 4500 B c or so.

  • So if you do see farming, do you also see people running around on horses?

  • Because if you don't year before 4000 BC, and if you do you're after it.

  • Next question.

  • Do you see people using wheels If you do your sometime after 3500 b c e.

  • Arguably even more important, though, do you see any evidence of people writing?

  • Because writing was first developed in the Middle East in Egypt, around 3100 b.

  • C.

  • E.

  • In China, around 2000 BC and Meso America by 650 BC.

  • So if you do see writing your sometime after these dates based on where you're at, it's also important that you pay attention to the alphabets people are using because they came into existence at different times.

  • This, for example, is ancient Phoenician, which came into being around 1200 BC It gave birth to the Aramaic alphabet.

  • It looks like this around 600 BC, which further gave birth to the Arabic script around 100 ce.

  • Here is the Greek alphabet, which initially came into being around 700 BC, which inspired the Latin script we're all familiar with after about 600 BC, if you're in Britain, the Anglo Saxons didn't start using the Latin script until the sixth century.

  • So if you don't see any Latin, your sometime before that.

  • Finally, the Cyrillic alphabet didn't come into existence until the ninth century in Bulgaria.

  • So if you don't see any Cyrillic in Eastern Europe, you're probably before then.

  • So if you see all of these alphabets, do you also see people writing them on paper?

  • Paper wasn't invented until around 100 b.

  • C.

  • E in China.

  • So if you see no paper, you might be located before then.

  • How about any evidence of gunpowder?

  • Weapons?

  • Gunpowder wasn't invented until the ninth century in China, and it wasn't used in warfare anytime prior to the year 900.

  • So if you see guns or cannons being used, you're definitely sometime after this.

  • In regards store previous discussion on alphabets and writing.

  • Do you Onley sea scrolls or books that air hand written?

  • Or do you also see printed books?

  • The printing press and mass produced books weren't invented until 14 39 in Germany, so if you see a book or a script that looks like it's printed, the odds are pretty good that you're sometime post 14 39.

  • And that means you're getting pretty close enough that this point to simply being ableto ask someone what year you're in.

  • If you're an average English speaker, any year, post 1500 would probably be possible for you to vaguely understand what people are saying in England.

  • But it's for fairly complicated.

  • A say for certain modern English as it spoken today wouldn't be fully in place in England until the end of the 17th century.

  • You can see this painfully clear by analyzing the history of the famous Lord's Prayer in modern English from 16 92 today it reads as follows, and it's completely understandable to our modern tongues in early modern English.

  • However, between 14 50 16 90 it read like this, which is still mostly understandable but a little bit different.

  • This is why you'd probably be capable of asking someone what year it is and finding out an answer any time.

  • Post 1500 so long as you're in England and can speak English but English anytime prior to 14 50 is just unintelligible gibberish to most modern English speakers, For example, this is the same lord's prayer in middle English between 10 66 and 14 50 this is the same prayer in old English prior to 10 66 English was a completely different language back in those days so effectively.

  • If you can't understand what anybody is saying in England, you're probably sometime before the year 1500.

  • And if you can understand people, just ask them what year it is and you'll hopefully figure it all out from there.

  • Fortunately, you probably won't end up alone in an ice age or stranded with dinosaurs anytime soon.

  • Unfortunately, you might be stuck at home like I am and feel like you may as well be in Hadiya and Volcano.

  • If you can relate, then I've got the perfect suggestion.

  • This class on cinema style filmmaking, using an iPhone by Niles Gray and Kayla Babcock that's available right now on skill share.

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