In today's video, I'm going to tell you about nouns.

Because in English, nouns are very important. They are the basic element of a sentence.

So if you want to speak English, you need to know about the different kinds

of nouns. And I'm going to try and teach you as well

as I can. Let's get started!

Ok, so let's start with concrete nouns. Now in English, concrete nouns are people

places or things, including animals.

That you can see, that you can smell, or taste, or hear, or touch.

So you can basically use your five senses. Let me give you a few examples.

If we talk about people, you could say, a man

or a teacher, or me, Fanny.

Or Mr. Smith. If we talk about places,

you could say, a house, a school.

You could name a city like London. Very nice city.

Or a beach. And if you talk about things,

you could say a shoe, you could say a marker,

you could talk about a dog or food like a pizza.

These are concrete nouns....ok. Now let's move on to abstract nouns.

So abstract nouns, unlike concrete nouns, are ideas, concepts, emotions.

And you can't see an idea. You can't smell a concept.

You can't taste an emotion. Or hear it. Or touch it.

So they are nouns. They are things that exist, but

you cannot see them, or taste them. You can't use your five sense.

To give you a few examples, we could talk about love,

or time, or religion,

rules. These are all words that represent

ideas, concepts... okay They're abstract nouns in English.

Now, let's get into more detail about nouns. Let's now see the difference between common

nouns and proper nouns which are very important

in English. So common nouns and proper nouns

refer to people, places, things, ideas. Let's see a few examples.

We could talk about people for example. A woman.

That's a common noun. But if we talk about a specific woman,

for example, me, Fanny. That becomes a proper noun with a capital

'F'. because, and you should know this,

proper nouns are always capitalized. You could talk about places.

A city. That's a common noun. But then you can name a specific city.

Let's take a great city, London, of course.

With a capital 'L'. Remember proper nouns - always capitalized.

We can talk about things for example. An animal.

Let's take a dog. A dog. That's a common noun.

But if we take a specific dog, like Snoopy - capital 'S',

that's the proper noun. If we talk about things again, but for example,

a car, that's a common noun.

But if we name the brand, the specific brand of the car like Volvo,

that's a proper noun. And it takes a capital 'V'.

And finally, and we can say, a team - common noun.

But if we name a specific team, for example, the best football team, Manchester United,

then that's a proper noun and it's capitalized.

Now mind you, 'team', is a special word because it's called

a collective noun in English because it refers to a group of people.

So collective nouns can be used as singular nouns or plural nouns.

But we will talk about this again later. So now that we know a lot about nouns in English,

Let's practice finding nouns in a sentence. Okay, first,

In my class at Oxford University, I have many friends.

My best friend is Jan. I have a lot of love for her.

Jan has a cute dog. Its name is Juju.

What are the nouns in these sentences? If we take the first sentence,

In my class at Oxford University, I have many friends.

We have, class, and friends. These are common nouns.

We also have a proper noun, Oxford University. We know it's a proper noun because it's capitalized.

The second sentence is, My best friend is Jen.

Now in this sentence, the noun is, friend - common noun.

And there's also the word, Jen, is also a noun but a proper noun.

As you can see it's capitalized. Then, I have a lot of love for her.

What noun can you see? Of course, 'love'.

Remember the abstract noun we talked about a few minutes ago.

And finally, Jan has a cute dog. Its name is Juju.

What nouns can we find? We can see, 'Jen', again - proper noun.

'Dog' - common noun. But also, 'name', and 'Juju'.

'Name's' a common noun. 'Juju' is the proper noun.

It's capitalized. As you probably know,

I haven't mentioned, 'I', or 'her', or 'its'. They are also nouns, but they are pronouns

and they're considered a different category in

English. We will talk about them in another video .

Great job guys! Thank you for watching my video.

I hope you now have a better understanding of nouns in English.

Please keep practicing. Practice makes perfect.

I'm sure you will very soon be able to recognize nouns in a sentence.

Please make sure to watch my next video as I keep on talking about nouns.

See you. Thank you for watching my video guys.

If you've liked this video, please click like, subscribe to our channel, show us

your support, put your comments below and share this video. Thank you.

Hello guys! And welcome to this English course on nouns.

In today's video, we're going to talk about singular and plural nouns.

When you speak English, it's very important to know the difference between a singular

noun and a plural noun. Ok?

So I will explain to you the different rules. And we will practice together.

Let's get started. Ok guys, the first you need to know is that

a singular noun means one. So, for example, I can say, 'cat'.

'a cat' 'one cat'

'school' 'a school'

'one school' 'team'

Now don't forget, 'team' is a collective noun.

It's a group of people, but still, it's a singular noun.

We talk about 'a team', or 'one team. 'lady'

'monkey' 'tomato'

'a tomato' 'one tomato'

Or 'piano'. Now, if we talk about plural nouns, it means

more than one. So for example, two, three, four, or many.

If we take our words again, 'a cat' becomes 'cats'.

'two cats' 'three cats'

'many cats' 'school'' becomes 'schools'.

'team' becomes 'teams'. Ok, so you just add an 's'.

Now 'lady' becomes 'ladies. 'monkey' becomes 'monkeys'.

But, two different rules. As you can see, 'lady' is consonant +

'y'. Now when you have consonant + 'y', in

an English word, the plural will be 'ies'. 'lady'

'ladies' But when you have vowel + 'y' like 'monkey',

it just becomes 'monkeys'. You simply add an 's'.

Ok, 'monkey' becomes 'monkeys'. 'tomato' becomes 'tomatoes'.

'piano' 'pianos' Again, two different rules.

Now 'tomato' becomes 'tomatoes'. You add 'es'.

And with most words ending in 'o', so consonant + 'o', you will add 'es'.

But sometimes, you will only add 's'. Like 'piano', 'pianos'.

There is no particular rule for this. You just need to know the words that only

end with an 's'. Ok, let's move on to some pronunciation

now. So, when it comes to pronunciation, we have

three different sounds. The first sound is /s/.

The second sound is /z/. And the third sounds is /Iz/.

So let's review some words together and be really careful, what sound do you hear?

'cats' 'cats'

What can you hear? /s/

Can you repeat after me. 'cats'

'cats' The second word is 'schools'.

'schools' What sound can you hear?

Of course, /z/. Repeat after me.

'schools' 'schools'

The third words is 'teams'. What sound can you hear?

Again, /z/. Repeat after me.

'teams' 'teams'

Then we have 'ladies'. 'ladies'

/z/ Repeat after me.

'ladies' 'ladies'

Then 'monkeys'. /z/ again.

Repeat after me. 'monkeys'.

'monkeys' Then we have 'tomatoes'.

Again, it's the /z/ sound. 'tomatoes'

'tomatoes' And finally, 'pianos'.

/z/ 'pianos'

'pianos' Let's move on to

other rules now. Ok guys, let's now talk about nouns that

end in 's', 'sh', 'x', 'ch', or 'z'.

Now to make the plural form of these nouns, you will add 'es'.

And the sound will be /Iz/. Let's review some words together.

'bus' becomes 'buses'. 'bush' 'bushes'

'fox' 'foxes' 'beach' 'beaches'

'quiz' 'quizzes' Can you repeat after me?

'buses' 'buses' 'bushes' 'bushes'

'foxes' 'foxes' 'beaches' 'beaches'

'quizzes' 'quizzes' Let's move on.

Ok, guys. Moving on to nouns that end in 'f' or

'fe'. For example, 'roof' becomes 'roofs'.

'safe' 'safes' So you simply add an 's'.

Then we have 'leaf' that becomes 'leaves'. Wait a minute. What happened?

Well, ya, sometimes in English, a word ending in 'f' becomes a word ending in 'ves'

in plural. That's not a rule.

But some words end in 'ves', you just have to learn them I'm afraid.

Another word, 'wife'. And again, 'ves'.

'wives' 'shelf' 'shelves'

Again, this 'ves' ending. Now let's focus on pronunciation.

'roofs' So it's an /s/ sound.

'roofs' 'roofs'

Good job. 'safes'

'safes' Have you heard the /s/ sound?

'safes' Then we have 'leaves'.

And this time it's a /z/ sound. Repeat after me.

'leaves' 'leaves'

Great. Moving on. 'wives'

'wives' And finally,