Name: 【TEDx】Building a Future with Farmers: Lindsey Lusher Shute at TEDxManhattan 2013
Uploaded: 2014-04-24T13:52:45.000Z
Duration: 15 min 36 s
Description: Thousands of YouTube videos with English-Chinese subtitles! Now you can learn to understand native speakers, expand your vocabulary, and improve your pronunciation...

My guess is that a lot of you in this room can think of someone in your family who farmed

way back. The last person before I came along to farm in my family was this guy. My great-grandfather

Henry Clarkis Sheets. Henry farmed in the foothills of southeast Ohio where he produced

dairy, pork, tobacco, chickens and every fall he used his team of horses to haul apples

for a guy named old man Burdet over Brothers Hill to Gallipolis, where those apples were

floated down the Ohio River to Cincinnati. This is Henry at the age of 90 running a track

with suspenders. Henry worked hard. And he earned enough to own land, build a farm, build

a house and get three of his kids to college, my grandmother included. Those kids became

a teacher, a principal, a gas station owner, a welder. But none of them farmed. That career

path that Henry put his kids on so many years ago is the same one that 99 percent of us

are still on today. For generations, farm families have been sending their children

away from the farm. And for some good reasons. A dairy crisis, discrimination by the USDA

against farmers of color, consolidation, vertical integration, skyrocketing land prices and

plummeting incomes. Life has been really tough for a lot of farm families. And opportunity

outside of the farm has only grown. That's why today there are 28 million fewer farmers

in the United States than in 1920 when Henry was farming. And this is in a country with

200 million more people to feed. And because so many young people have left farming, farmers

over the age of 65 now outnumber farmers under the age of 35 by a margin of 6 to 1. My husband

and I are farmers. I'm 34. So I'm one of those ones. We along with thousands of young people

across this country are bucking the trend by starting a farm operation of our own. These

young farmers and ranchers represent an incredible opportunity for the future of food and farming

in the United States. They are cultivating their crops by hand and with tractors, this

is an Alllis-Chalmers G, tractors that haven't seen the outside of a barn for 50 years. They

are putting their chickens, pigs, cows, goats back on grass where they belong and they are

providing jobs and opportunity in parts of the United States that have not seen new industry

in decades. They are also growing some amazing food. These young farmers are demonstrating

as have many generations before them that the more a farmer can care for the land the

more that land gives back. And not just to a farmer and her family but to an entire community.

This is our farm, Hearty Roots Community Farm. It's about 100 miles north of this spot. We

grow 25 acres of vegetables and produce eggs for a community-supported agriculture program.

This CSA program feeds 900 households in the Hudson Valley and here in New York City. Each

year our farm grosses about 425,000 dollars. Most of which goes to local job creation.

We hire about 9 employees, some seasonally some year-round and they in turn take their

paychecks and spend them on local goods and services. We source most of the inputs for

our farm locally or regionally and we use a very small percentage of our budget to pay

for fossil fuels. Now compare that with commodity corn, which actually makes sense as a comparison

because it's what our farm was growing before we transitioned it to vegetables. Twenty-five

acres of corn is going to gross about 25,000 dollars. Half of that is going to be spent

on fossil fuels, GMO seed, inputs and only about 750 dollars is going to be spent on

labor. So if Ben and I wanted to create the same benefits growing corn that we do growing

vegetables just in terms of jobs we would need to grow 5,000 acres of corn. Which happens

to be half of the size of our town of Clermont, New York. And that would be a terrible thing

for Clermont, New York because the more farmers you have maximizing the value of the land

the more benefits a community and a region can experience. As I said before the more

a farmer cares for the land, the more they're able to care for the land, the more that land

gives back. What would our rural areas look like if we had one million more farms in this

country? Like the Salad Garden in Missouri. Like the West Georgia Cooperative. Like Three

Springs Farm in Oaks, Oklahoma. Like Kilpatrick Farm in Albany, New York. Like Bucio Farm

in Salinas, California. Or like Sauvie Island Organics outside of Portland. Just think of

the health, economic and environmental benefits that these farms would bring to our communities.

We need more farmers. We need a million more farmers. But a million more farmers are not

just going to come along. It is not 1920 when Grandpa Henry was farming. Land is crazy expensive.

It took 10 years for my husband and I to figure out how to buy land in the Hudson Valley.

Banks forgot how to loan to us. There is now something called the student loan, which takes

hundreds of dollars from your bank account every month for decades. Supply chains are

in shambles and the federal government is writing policy to basically perpetuate what

we already have. The structural environment that we as farmers are working in today is

essentially the same that has been driving farmers out of business for decades. In response

to the challenges that we as farmers were facing I helped to co-found the National Young

Farmers Coalition. We're a team of farmers and consumers that want to see at least a

million more farmers in the United States. And we know that big change is necessary to

make that happen. We're pushing for innovation in conservation easements to include affordability.

We're reforming policy. And we are doing what we can to create a permanent home for independent,

sustainable, diversified and organic farmers in the United States. Last year we did a survey

of 1,000 farmers across the country. We asked them, what do you need. And they told us that

their number one need is capital. Getting the money to start a farm is really tough.

And of course banks and private interests, they have a role. Investors have a role to

play in all of this. But history teaches us that getting money to farmers is way too important

to leave to private interests alone. That's why the federal government through the Farm

Service Agency makes very low interest loans to farmers and Republican President Theodore

Roosevelt helped start the Farm Credit Cooperative in 1908. These institutions can do so much

more to help the next generation of farmers get started. Take the Farm Service Agency.

They're really stepping up. We've worked with them to change their rules to make modern

training programs such as apprenticeships help to qualify young people for one of their

loans. We also advocated for micro-lending by the federal government to farmers. And

guess what? They listened. They launched a new micro-lending program just this January.

Super exciting, right? But these are administrative changes. These are things that the Agency

has been doing while Congress has been forgetting to pass a farm bill. They can only do so much.

Actually in the farm bill, Congress, brilliantly, wrote in there that this Farm Service Agency

can only lend up to 300,00 dollars to a farmer who wants to buy a farm. When many of us in

this room probably realize that in a lot of regions 300,000 dollars is going to hardly

buy you a house. And to top it all off this Agency, this is unbelievable to me, this Agency

has no permanent funding the farm bill. So every year they are at the mercy of the Appropriations

Committee and farmers are left to wait on loan decisions. If you want to buy a farm

and no one's going to lend to you except the Farm Service Agency, which is the case a lot

of times because traditional lenders think farmers, very risky, which you know can be

true, you have to go out and hope that you can find a farm for 300,000 dollars. Say you

do. Then you have to go to the owner of that farm and you have to beg them to wade with

you through months of bureaucracy while you apply for this loan and just hope that there

is going to be a check on the other end. This is no way for our most important farm lender

to have to operate. And it is no way for us to get this next generation of farmers started

on land when we expect that 70 percent of all farmland is going to be changing hands

in the next 20 years. They are more important than ever. And we have got to help them do

their jobs and serve the next generation more effectively. Speaking of farmland, farmland

as you have probably heard in the newspaper is selling for many more times what a working

farmer can afford. We need the land trust community to step up and work with government

partners to create affordable farmland. So here in Manhattan on this island, you know

you have affordable housing so regular people can continue to live here. Well in our rural

communities we need affordable farms so farmers can continue to farm and own land. And in

the Midwest we've got to trade some of those subsidies that are growing megafarms for incentives