Preparing usage notes, please check back later
against time
US /əˈɡenst taɪm/
UK /əˈɡenst taim/
- Phrase
- Working under pressure to meet a deadline; in a race to finish something quickly.
assumption
US /əˈsʌmpʃən/
UK /ə'sʌmpʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Something you believe to be so, but aren't sure of
A2Moreat least
US /æt list/
UK /æt li:st/
- Adverb
- As a minimum
- Not less than
- Phrase
- No less than; at the minimum
- Used to indicate that something is positive in a bad situation.
C2Morebreathe
US /brið/
UK /bri:ð/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To move air into and out of your lungs
- To say something very softly
A2Morebreathe in
US /brið ɪn/
UK /bri:ð in/
- Phrasal Verb
- To inhale; to take air into the lungs.
B1Morecheck out
US /tʃɛk aʊt/
UK /tʃek aut/
- Phrase
- Phrasal Verb
- To find out information about something
- To take books out of a library
A1Moreconfusion
US /kənˈfjuʒən/
UK /kən'fju:ʒən/
- Uncountable Noun
- Not knowing what to do; state of disorder
B1Moreconsume
US /kənˈsum/
UK /kən'sju:m/
- Transitive Verb
- To eat, drink, buy or use up something
- To take all your energy; focus the attention
A2TOEICMorecontagious
US /kənˈtedʒəs/
UK /kənˈteɪdʒəs/
- Adjective
- Able to be passed on by touch
- (of a disease) able to be transmitted by infection.
C2Moredestroy
US /dɪˈstrɔɪ/
UK /dɪ'strɔɪ/
- Transitive Verb
- To damage so badly that something no longer exists
- To defeat someone or something easily
A2TOEICMoredevice
US /dɪˈvaɪs/
UK /dɪˈvaɪs/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Object, machine, or equipment for a specific use
- Method of doing something; a way
A2TOEICMoredioxide
US /daɪˈɑksaɪd/
UK /daɪˈɒksaɪd/
- Noun
- An oxide containing two oxides per molecule
B2Moreexhale
US /ɛksˈhel,ɛkˈhel/
UK /eksˈheɪl/
- Intransitive Verb
- To breathe out the air or smoke in your lungs
C1Moreexpel
US /ɪkˈspɛl/
UK /ɪk'spel/
- Transitive Verb
- To force a person to leave a place or organization
- To release or push something (e.g. air) out
B2TOEICMoreexpose
US /ɪkˈspoʊz/
UK /ɪk'spəʊz/
- Transitive Verb
- To make visible, without covering or protection
- To allow light through a cameras lens onto film
A2TOEICMorefaint
US /fent/
UK /feɪnt/
- Intransitive Verb
- To suddenly become unconscious and fall down
- Adjective
- Lacking strength; weak; lacking clarity
- Very small, as in a chance or hope
A2Morefatigue
US /fəˈtiɡ/
UK /fəˈti:g/
- Uncountable Noun
- Breaking due to being moved or bent many times
- Being very tired
- Transitive Verb
- To cause someone or something to become very tired
B2Morefever
US /ˈfivɚ/
UK /'fi:və(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A high body temperature, indicating illness
- State of excited emotion or activity
- Transitive Verb
- To cause to have a fever.
B1Moreflexible
US /ˈflɛksəbəl/
UK /ˈfleksəbl/
- Adjective
- Bending easily
- Able to adjust to new events, requirements easily
B1TOEICMorefluid
US /ˈfluɪd/
UK /'flu:ɪd/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A material that can easily flow, e.g. water
- Liquid that flows smoothly, such as water
- Adjective
- Able to move smoothly or gracefully
- Liable to change; unstable.
B2Moregather
US /ˈɡæðɚ/
UK /ˈgæðə(r)/
- Transitive Verb
- To bring objects together into one place
- To collect foods such as wild berries or crops
- Noun
- Fold in cloth, as in a full skirt
A2TOEICMoregenetic
US /dʒəˈnɛtɪk/
UK /dʒəˈnetɪk/
- Adjective
- Of, relating to, or controlled by genes
- Relating to genes or heredity.
B1Moregenetic information
US /dʒəˈnɛtɪk ˌɪnfɚˈmeʃən/
UK /dʒiˈnetik ˌɪnfəˈmeiʃən/
- Uncountable Noun
- Hereditary information encoded in the genetic material (DNA or RNA) of an organism.
have to
US /hæv tu/
UK /ˈhæv tə/
- Auxiliary Verb
- Must do
A1Moreimmune
US /ɪˈmjoon/
UK /ɪˈmju:n/
- Adjective
- Having a special protection from, e.g. the law
- Protected against a particular disease or condition because of antibodies or vaccination.
B1Morein other words
US
UK
- Phrase
- Stating something in a different way, often to make it clearer or more understandable.
infection
US /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/
UK /ɪnˈfekʃn/
- Noun
- (Computers) Having a computer virus
- Making or becoming sick with a bacteria/virus
A2Moreinflammation
US /ˌɪnfləˈmeʃən/
UK /ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Painful swelling in the body due to illness
- A condition in which a part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful, especially as a reaction to injury or infection.
B2Moreinfluenza
US /ˌɪnflʊ'enzə/
UK /ˌɪnfluˈenzə/
- Noun
- Full name for the 'flu'
B2Moreinternal
US /ɪnˈtɚnəl/
UK /inˈtə:nəl/
- Adjective
- Being or happening in the body
- Being, happening in a country, state, organization
B1TOEICMorelead to
US /lid tu/
UK /li:d tu:/
- Phrasal Verb
- To result in some action
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To have something as a consequence or result.
A1Morelook into
US /lʊk ˈɪntu/
UK /luk ˈɪntuː/
- Phrasal Verb
- To investigate or try to discover the reasons for
A1Morematerial
US /məˈtɪriəl/
UK /məˈtɪəriəl/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Cloth; fabric
- Supplies or data needed to do a certain thing
- Adjective
- Relevant; (of evidence) important or significant
- Belonging to the world of physical things
A2Moremembrane
US /ˈmɛmˌbren/
UK /'membreɪn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Outside covering of a cell
- A thin covering of tissue or of a cell
B2Moremerge with
US /mɚdʒ wɪð/
UK /mə:dʒ wið/
- Phrasal Verb
- To combine or blend together into a single entity.
C2Moremolecule
US /ˈmɑlɪˌkjul/
UK /ˈmɒlɪkju:l/
- Noun
- Two or more atoms chemically combined
B2Moremove into
US /muv ˈɪntu/
UK /mu:v ˈɪntuː/
- Phrasal Verb
- To start living in a new house or building
- To start being involved in a new area of business or activity.
multiply
US /ˈmʌltəˌplaɪ/
UK /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To increase in number by reproducing/having babies
- To increase something by a large quantity
B1Morenucleus
US /ˈnu:kliəs/
UK /ˈnju:kliəs/
- Noun
- Center of an atom
- Control center of a cell
B2Moreoccur
US /əˈkɚ/
UK /əˈkɜ:(r)/
- Intransitive Verb
- To come to pass or to happen
- To be found to exist; to be present.
A2TOEICMoreof itself
US /ʌv ɪtˈself/
UK /əv ɪtˈself/
- other
- Happening automatically without external cause or help.
B1Moreon the other hand
US
UK
- Phrase
- Considering a different aspect of the matter; alternatively.
A1Moreoverwhelm
US /ˌoʊvərˈwelm/
UK /ˌəʊvəˈwelm/
- Transitive Verb
- To defeat something or someone completely
- To affect someone emotionally in a strong way
B1TOEICMoreoxygen
US /ˈɑksɪdʒən/
UK /'ɒksɪdʒən/
- Uncountable Noun
- A gas in the air that we need to breathe
- Oxygen administered as a medical treatment.
B1Morepneumonia
US /nu:ˈmoʊniə/
UK /nju:ˈməʊniə/
- Uncountable Noun
- Serious illness affecting the lungs and breathing
B2Moreprimarily
US /praɪˈmɛrəli, -ˈmɛr-/
UK /praɪˈmerəli/
- Adverb
- In the most basic or important way
A2TOEICMoreprime
US /praɪm/
UK /praɪm/
- Transitive Verb
- To get a person ready for; prepare someone
- To coat with paint to prepare it for the main coat
- Adjective
- Concerning the highest in quality or value
- Concerning the highest level of achievement
A2TOEICMoreprotein
US /ˈprəʊˌtiːn/
UK /ˈprəʊti:n/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Group of molecules made from amino acids
B1Moreramp
US /ræmp/
UK /ræmp/
- Noun
- Path that increases in height as you walk up it
- Transitive Verb
- To slope or incline; (phrasal: ramp up) to increase the level or amount of something sharply; to furnish with a sloping surface.
B2Moreramp up
US /ræmp ʌp/
UK /ræmp ʌp/
- Phrasal Verb
- To increase the level or amount of something sharply.
receptor
US /rɪˈseptər /
UK /rɪˈseptə(r)/
- Noun
- A nerve ending that changes stimuli into impulses
B2Morereproduce
US /ˌriprəˈdus, -ˈdjus/
UK /ˌri:prə'dju:s/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To make a copy of something
- To have children/young; grow roots/new plants
B1Morerespiratory
US /ˈrɛspərəˌtɔri, -ˌtori, rɪˈspaɪrə-/
UK /ˈrespərəˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:, rɪˈspaɪərə-/
- Adjective
- (Medical) concerning breathing
- Having the function of respiration.
- Noun
- The branch of medicine concerned with the organs of respiration.
- The system of organs involved in breathing.
C1Morerespond
US /rɪˈspɑnd/
UK /rɪ'spɒnd/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To answer something or someone
- To have a good reaction to e.g. medical treatment
A2TOEICMoresack
US /sæk/
UK /sæk/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To put something in a large bag
- To dismiss a person from their job; fire
- Countable Noun
- Large strong bag made of fibers, plastic, etc.
B1Moreshell
US /ʃɛl/
UK /ʃel/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Hard outer cover of an egg, fruit, nut, or seed
- Hard metal container containing a bullet
- Transitive Verb
- To remove the outer covering of peas, nuts etc.
- To fire shells (weapons) at
B1Morespike
US /spaɪk/
UK /spaɪk/
- Noun
- The top point in a graph
- Long, thin metal rod that ends in a point
- Intransitive Verb
- To go up to a point on a graph
B2Morestay home
US
UK
- Intransitive Verb
- To remain in one's house or residence.
A1Morestimulate
US /ˈstɪmjəˌlet/
UK /'stɪmjʊleɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To arouse or excite emotionally
B1Moresuch as
US /sʌtʃ æz/
UK /sʌtʃ æz/
- Preposition
- For example; like
A1Moretypical
US /ˈtɪpɪkəl/
UK /ˈtɪpɪkl/
- Adjective
- Normal; usual; expected
- Serving as a representative example of a particular type.
A2Morevaccine
US /vækˈsin,ˈvækˌsin/
UK /'væksi:n/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Shot using weak disease cells to stop same disease
- A preparation of weakened or killed microorganisms, or of antigenic proteins derived from them, used to induce protective immunity in animals.
B2Moreviral
US /ˈvaɪrəl/
UK /ˈvaɪrəl/
- Adjective
- Of or caused by a virus
- Becoming very popular by circulating quickly from person to person, especially through the Internet.
B2Morevirus
US /ˈvaɪrəs/
UK /'vaɪrəs/
- Noun
- File secretly put on computers to cause harm
- Living organism that causes disease or sickness
B1More
