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tough

US /tʌf/

・

UK /tʌf/

adjective
(Of food) difficult to chew or bite through
Very difficult to do or deal with
Having strict standards
Being firm and not easily bent or broken
Being strong physically or mentally
Being difficult to persuade
Capable of violence
Difficult; requiring considerable effort or endurance.
Unpleasant or unfortunate.
(of food) difficult to cut or chew.
(Of meat) difficult to cut or chew.

noun
A rough and aggressive person.

other
To make (someone) physically or emotionally stronger.

other
To endure a period of hardship or difficulty.

improve

US /ɪmˈpruv/

・

UK /ɪm'pru:v/

verb
To make, or become, something better

other
To become better than before; to advance in excellence.
To become better

other
To make something better; to raise to a more desirable quality or condition.
To make something better; to enhance in value or quality.

plenty

US /ˈplɛnti/

・

UK /'plentɪ/

pronoun
When there is not too little of something; a lot
A lot of something.

other
A large or sufficient amount or quantity; abundance.

adverb
Used to indicate that there is enough or more than enough.
Used to emphasize that there is a large or sufficient amount.

adjective
Used before a noun to mean 'a lot of'.

noun
A lot of something
A large or sufficient amount or quantity; more than enough.

force

US /fɔrs, fors/

・

UK /fɔ:s/

noun
Group of persons trained for military action; army
Pressure; attraction
The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
A body of people employed and trained for a particular task or purpose.
An influence or effect.
A body of soldiers or police.
Strength or power of expression or argument.
A body of people employed and trained for law enforcement.
An influence that can cause a body to accelerate.
Strength or energy as an attribute of physical action or movement.
Coercion or compulsion, especially with the use or threat of violence.

verb
To use physical strength or violence to persuade

other
Physical strength or energy as an attribute of physical action or movement.
Coercion or compulsion; strength or power exerted to cause or affect.
An influence or effect.
Strength or energy as an attribute of physical action or movement.

other
To compel (someone) to do something.
To break open (something) using force.
To cause (a plant or crop) to develop or mature prematurely in a greenhouse or under artificial conditions.
To use physical strength to break open or move (something).
To cause (a plant or flower) to grow or develop at an increased rate.

other
Strength or energy as an attribute of physical action or movement.
Coercion or compulsion; strength or power exerted to cause motion or change.

hurdle

US /ˈhɚdl/

・

UK /'hɜ:dl/

noun
Small fence a person or horse jumps over in a race
Problem that makes it hard to achieve something

verb
To run and jump over something
To overcome a problem to achieve something

bit

US /bɪt/

・

UK /bɪt/

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
The basic unit of information in computing, representing a binary digit (0 or 1).
The part of a tool that cuts or bores.
A very small amount of money.
A particular thing or experience.
A small acting role or part in a performance.
A mouthful of food.
A person's contribution to an effort.
A small piece or amount of something.
The basic unit of information in computing.
A short period of time.
A former coin worth 12.5 cents.

verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught
Past tense of 'bite'.

adverb
Slightly; somewhat.

other
Not at all.
To do one's part.

settle

US /ˈsɛtl/

・

UK /'setl/

verb
To make (a child, etc.) feel calm/ready for sleep
To complete or finalize e.g. a contract or debt
To end some troubles by reaching an agreement
To become accustomed to a new environment
(Of liquids) to move to the bottom of a container

noun
Type of wooden seat

form

US /fɔrm/

・

UK /fɔ:m/

noun
Sports team or person's current winning record
Document you complete when making an application
Visible shape or style; type; kind

verb
To organize something such as a club or group
To develop; to come into a shape or substance
To make something into a particular shape

identity

US /aɪˈdɛntɪti/

・

UK /aɪ'dentətɪ/

noun
Collection of qualities that makes a person
Who someone is; the name of a person
The qualities, beliefs, personality, looks and/or expressions that make a person or group different from others
An equation that is true for all values of the variables
A collective aspect of the set of characteristics by which a thing is definitively recognizable or known
The unique representation of an entity in a computer system
Who someone is
Who someone is; the name of a person
The state of being the same
The state of being the same; sameness.

other
The state of being the same
The qualities and attitudes that make a person different from other people

B1

beat

US /bit/

・

UK /bi:t/

verb
To move in regular motions in order to push blood
To strike or hit repeatedly and with great force
To mix ingredients together with a fork or machine
To play a drum
To win against another person or team; defeat
To hit someone or something repeatedly.
To mix ingredients rapidly using a whisk or mixer.
To pulsate or throb rhythmically.
To make a rhythmic sound.

noun
Regular movement or rhythm (e.g. heart or music)
A main accent or rhythmic unit in music.
An area patrolled by a police officer or other guard.

other
To strike (someone or something) repeatedly and violently.
To defeat (someone) in a game or competition.
To mix (ingredients) rapidly using a whisk, spoon, or mixer.

other
(of a heart, drum, etc.) to make a rhythmic sound.

adjective
Very tired; exhausted.

ground

US /ɡraʊnd/

・

UK /graʊnd/

verb
To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
To make loud jarring noise by pressing hard
To make sharp or smooth through friction
To press together with force making a sound
To punish someone by not allowing them to go out
To hit the bottom
(Of boat) to hit the bottom so it cannot move
To prevent a plane from taking off
To place the ball over the goal line in rugby
Past tense of grind; to reduce to small particles.

noun
Connection of electrical equipment to earth
Place where people play particular sports
Solid surface of the earth that we stand on
An area of land around a building.
A reason or justification.
A connection to the earth that acts as a return for electric current.
The state of being stopped or unable to proceed.
A basis or foundation for knowledge or skill.
A coating applied to a surface to prepare it for painting or other decoration.

other
The solid surface of the earth; soil.
Coffee beans that have been ground.

other
To punish (a child or young person) by not allowing them to go out.
To prevent (an aircraft or pilot) from flying.
To base something on a particular foundation or principle.
To instruct someone thoroughly in a subject.
To reduce something to small particles or powder by crushing it.
To rub together forcefully, often making a harsh noise.
To prevent an aircraft from flying.
To punish someone, especially a child, by not allowing them to go out.
To bring a train to a stop.
To base something on a particular foundation or principle.

other
To run aground.

race

US /res/

・

UK /reɪs/

noun
Speed contest between people, animals or vehicles
People who share physical features or culture

verb
To take part in a running or swimming competition
To move or go at a very fast pace
To take someone, something to a place very quickly

favorite

US /ˈfeɪ.v(ə)r.ət/

・

UK /ˈfeɪ.v(ə)r.ɪt/

noun
A thing that someone likes best or enjoys most
A person or thing that is particularly liked or preferred.
A competitor thought likely to win.
A person or thing that is particularly liked or preferred.

adjective
Best liked or most enjoyed
Preferred above all others of the same kind.
Preferred above all others of the same kind.

other
To treat someone with partiality or preference.

culture

US /ˈkʌltʃɚ/

・

UK /'kʌltʃə(r)/

noun
Beliefs and customs of a particular group

other
The customs, beliefs, art, and all the other things that a group of people share and consider important.

other
The arts, beliefs, behaviour, ideas, etc. of a society or group of people
The growing of cells, tissues, bacteria, etc. in a controlled environment.
The arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively
The ideas, customs, and social behaviour of a particular people or society
The cultivation of microorganisms in a nutrient medium
The quality in a person or society that arises from a concern for what is regarded as excellent in arts, letters, manners, scholarly pursuits, etc.
The growing of plants or rearing of animals

other
To grow cells, tissues, bacteria, etc. in a controlled environment.
To grow or maintain (cells, tissues, etc.) in a controlled environment

notch

US /nɑtʃ/

・

UK /nɒtʃ/

noun
Certain level (slightly higher or lower than)
Narrow pass between two mountains or hills
Cut in the shape of the letter V

verb
To cut a small V-shaped mark into something

master

US /ˈmæstɚ/

・

UK /'mɑ:stə(r)/

verb
To gain control over something
To learn to do something very well

adjective
Being very skilled at doing something
Being the main or most important thing or part

noun
Someone who is very skilled at doing something
Holding a higher degree from a university
Male teacher
Owner of an animal, e.g. a dog

depend

US /dɪˈpend/

・

UK /dɪˈpend/

verb
Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)

other
To rely on someone or something for support, help, or existence.
To be determined or contingent on something else.
To rely on someone or something for support, help, or existence.
To be determined or contingent on something else.

B1 TOEIC

chief

US /tʃif/

・

UK /tʃi:f/

noun
Leader of a race or group of people
The one highest in authority or importance
A person who is the leader or head of an organization or group.
A top-ranking executive in an organization.
The leader of a Native American tribe.

adjective
The one highest in authority or importance
Most important or influential.

lot

US /lɑt/

・

UK /lɒt/

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

wrong

US /rɔŋ, rɑŋ/

・

UK /rɒŋ/

noun
Action that is harmful, unjust or illegal

adjective
Not morally or socially acceptable
Not right, incorrect; not true; bad
Being inappropriate or unsuitable

verb
To harm someone or treat someone unfairly

great

US /ɡret/

・

UK /ɡreɪt/

adverb
Very good; better than before

adjective
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
Of an extent, amount, or intensity considerably above the average
Remarkable or outstanding
Very good at a particular activity
Used to describe the relationship between a grandparent, aunt, uncle, etc. and their grandchild, nephew, niece, etc.
Very good; excellent.

noun
Successful and well-admired person

possibly

US /ˈpɑ:səbli/

・

UK /ˈpɒsəbli/

adverb
May be true or likely, but is uncertain
Perhaps; maybe.
In a way that is possible; perhaps.
Used to express uncertainty or doubt about something.

quick

US /kwɪk/

・

UK /kwɪk/

adjective
Using very little time; moving far in little time
Learning and understanding rapidly and easily
Moving or capable of moving with high speed; rapid.
Done or occurring promptly or without delay.
Mentally sharp; intelligent.
Taking only a short time; brief.
Easily provoked or aroused; irascible.

noun
The sensitive flesh below the growing part of a fingernail or toenail.

slick

US /slɪk/

・

UK /slɪk/

adjective
Confident; effortlessly effective
Thin layer of oil
Being very smooth and slippery

verb
To make (e.g. the hair) sleek or smooth

start

US /stɑrt/

・

UK /stɑ:t/

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared

verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

other
Beginning of something in place or time

wide

US /waɪd/

・

UK /waɪd/

adjective
Having a great distance from one side to the other
Having a large distance from one side to the other.
Extensive; covering a large scope or range.

adverb
Fully; completely
Fully open.
Away from the intended target.

disappointment

US /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/

・

UK /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/

noun
Feeling or state of not being satisfied

other
The feeling of being unhappy because something is not as good as you expected or because something has not happened

other
An event or situation that is not as good as you had hoped
A person who does not do as well as you expected