Name: How is Wealth Created | Savings and Investments
Uploaded: 2018-11-15T22:10:11.000Z
Duration: 8 min 45 s
Description: Thousands of YouTube videos with English-Chinese subtitles! Now you can learn to understand native speakers, expand your vocabulary, and improve your pronunciation...

The imperative

Imagine a world in which suddenly all the tools disappear.

All buildings, cars and machinery, or even basic tools such as knives, hammers and shovels vanish.

Modal verbs - A2

What would the economy look like if we had to do all the work with our bare hands?

This is the situation in which the hero of this story used to live

On the remote island there was a fisherman.

Maybe fisherman is too generous, because in a world without tools his fight for survival was to jump into the sea

and make desperate attempts to catch fish with his bare hands.

All this effort resulted in catching just one fish per day, which is just as much as he needed to survive.

One night, totally wet with his eyes sore from the saltwater, he was lying on the beach staring at the stars,

thinking about how he could improve his life.

If I could just extend the reach of my hand I might be able to watch the fish from above the water and

He decided that in the morning he was not going to catch fish.

Instead he would devote this day to implement his plan.

He searched the woods looking for a strong, straight branch, which with great effort he managed to break off.

Then with a sharp shell found on the beach he tried to sharpen the tip of the stick which took him many hours.

Finally that evening he fell on the sand exhausted from hunger.

He didn't eat that day, so he could build his invention, but he was happy because in his imagination

he was already sitting on a heap of fish caught with the help of it.

Falling asleep he decided to call his invention spear.

In the morning, motivated, he grabbed the spear and began to work.

Because the salty water did not flood his eyes and a pointed end of the spear was more effective than his hands,

Well, it was not a heap of fish yet, but the economy of the island did grow by 100%.

More importantly it opened up for him many more possibilities.

You can now fish every second day consuming his catch from the previous day.

He could also go fishing every day as before and dry the excess fish and store it for worse times.

Another option was to use free time to implement new ideas, to increase his productive capacity.

This would result in increasing his wealth and expanding the size of the islands economy.

In this story we come to a simple economic principle. Wealth is created through self-sacrifice and taking risks.

The fisherman underconsumed and took the risk that his plan might not work.

That he would go hungry all day producing the spear needlessly. The fisherman's underconsumption can be simply called saving.

In this case the saving was a fish, which he would surely have caught, if he had gone fishing.

He used his saving to make a spear. The spear is a capital good

because it is part of his saving which is no value in itself for the fisherman

but it serves him to get what he really wants.

After all the fisherman does not want to have a spear he wants to have the fish!

Capital is therefore a part of his saving which he spent on increasing his own productivity.

Let's fast forward to our world to illustrate this example in real life.

Two friends got a very well-paying job in a company called Corporation X. The employer offered each of them $10,000 a month.

Not believing his luck, one of them, let's call him Prodigal Pete,

immediately bought a big house with a garden, on credit.

He bought a luxury car - also on credit - for which he paid $2,000 a month.

Bills for the apartment, the cost of the car use, hiring a gardener and a cleaning lady amounted to another $2,000.

Prodigal Pete spent the rest when eating in fancy restaurants and hanging out with friends,

who - surprisingly - became more numerous after he got the new work.

At the end of the month he had no money in his account left over.

Meanwhile his colleague Thrifty Tom knew the story of the fisherman, that was told in his family for generations.

After getting a job he rented a medium sized apartment, for which he paid $1,500,

because he thought that currently the apartments were too expensive to buy, so he decided to wait for a better opportunity.

His monthly ticket for the Subway cost $100. The other bills for the apartment amounted to $400.

Thrifty Tom also liked to dine in restaurants and meet his friends, but he decided that for his entertainment

he would spend no more than $500 a month.

Most days he ate meals at home trying not to waste food which cost him another $500.

This way Thrifty Tom could save $7,000 dollars every month.

Years passed and Pete was laughing at Tom. He used to say to him: "Get a life man. Stop being a scrooge" or

"How's your car? Oh, sorry. I forgot you're still using the subway".

Tom felt upset because he dreamed of a big house with the garden and a luxurious car.

The common sense took precedence over whims.

He invested his savings in various projects. He opened a small shop in the area where he hired one employee.

After paying for all the costs his profit amounted to $1,000.

Still however, he did not increase his spending.

After some time, he opened a restaurant from which he drew profit of $2,000.

partly on loan, and he rented it to various companies as office space.

His gains after his loan payments amounted to $4,000.

Tom kept acting after a while gains from all of his projects were already $15,000.

Suddenly hard times fell upon Corporation X.

Because of some bad choices and a global recession it had to fire 2,000 employees.

Tom suffered a slight scratch on his honor, because no one likes to be fired,

but other than that he didn't care too much about the situation. He had an income of the amount of

$15,000 per month from his investments and a large amounts of savings

The bank demanded payments on a loan which Pete managed to pay only half.

Friends invited him out for the first week, but when they saw that Pete had financial problems the invites began to fade quickly.

Pete borrowed money from family to survive, but during the economic crisis no one wanted to accept him.

And certainly not for the high salary he earned before.

Finally Pete decided to sell the house and car because he was not able to make the minimum payments

The value of the car, although it was in perfect condition,

fell dramatically, because it was a few years old and no one wanted to buy it because people kept their money, uncertain of their future.

The house lost its value because Pete bought it at a time of great prosperity

and high availability of cheap credit, which pumped up the prices of the property.

As a result it turned out that the market price of his home and the car were as much as the value of the loans,

He was really hurt by the fact that for so many years he was paying the loans and now he was left with nothing.

He still had to sell because he needed the cash right away.

After a few days Tom called him so that he would buy both the car and the house.

During the transaction they talked for a while as old friends.

Pete told him about his situation, and Tom as man full of empathy said: "Listen my friend,

I was just going for an early retirement. I need someone capable to take care of my business

I know you were a good specialist. How about I hire you for $3,000 a month?"

Finally someone wanted to hire him. He was no longer burdened with loans.

He accepted the job from Tom rented a small apartment and began to save.

The story of the fisherman was based on the excellent book by Peter and Andrew Schiff

"How an economy grows and why it crashes?"

Subtitles ListPlay Video

How is Wealth Created | Savings and Investments

situation

effort

panic

demand