Name: 【TED】Edsel Salvaña: The dangerous evolution of HIV (The dangerous evolution of HIV | Edsel Salvaña)
Uploaded: 2018-02-15T20:35:38.000Z
Duration: 4 min 45 s
Description: Thousands of YouTube videos with English-Chinese subtitles! Now you can learn to understand native speakers, expand your vocabulary, and improve your pronunciation...

with some of the clearest water and bluest skies on the planet.

of one of the fastest-growing HIV epidemics in the world.

On the surface, it seems as if we are just a late bloomer.

However, the reasons for our current epidemic

and may foreshadow a global resurgence of HIV.

While overall new cases of HIV continue to drop in the world,

when the next wave of more aggressive and resistant viruses arrive.

HIV has a potential to transform itself into a new and different virus

Despite the remarkable progress we've made in reversing the epidemic,

the truth is that we are just a few viral mutations away from disaster.

To appreciate the profound way in which HIV transforms itself

If we look at the DNA variation among humans of different races

the actual DNA difference is only 0.1 percent.

between humans, great apes, and rhesus macaques,

In contrast, the genetic difference between HIV subtypes

the genetic difference between an infecting mother virus

has been shown to be as much as five percent.

This is the equivalent of a gorilla giving birth to a chimpanzee,

then to any random great ape within its lifetime.

with new subtypes being discovered regularly.

HIV in the developed world is almost all of one subtype:

Mostly everything we know and do to treat HIV

even though it only accounts for 12 percent

of the total number of cases of HIV in the world.

But because of the profound genetic difference

some subtypes are more likely to become drug-resistant

We discovered that the explosion of HIV cases in the Philippines

is due to a shift from the Western subtype B

to a more aggressive Southeast Asian subtype AE.

We are seeing younger and sicker patients

is already occurring in developed countries,

including Australia, Canada and the United States.

We may soon see a similar explosion of cases in these countries.

just like with real tides, it can come right back.

In the early 1960s, malaria was on the ropes.

people and governments stopped paying attention.

The result was a deadly resurgence of drug-resistant malaria.

not as a single virus that we think we've figured out,

but as a collection of rapidly evolving and highly unique viruses,

each of which can set off the next deadly epidemic.

We are incorporating more powerful and new tools

to help us detect the next deadly HIV strain,

and this needs to go hand in hand with urgent research

on the behavior and proper treatment of non-B subtypes.

We are on the verge of an AIDS-free generation.