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  • All this may seem very close to fiction,

  • but the artificial intelligence is already present in the daily lives of all people.

  • For example, in the development of video games that

  • use this type of study to create more complex games.

  • In football games, each player has very specific and

  • similar characteristics to those of a real competitor.

  • That is, one is better to pass but runs less than the other.

  • The Intelligent Systems techniques are applied to simulate this action.

  • Another example is the cameras that make the autofocus

  • on people's faces or shooting to find a smile.

  • Even in spell checkers of computer word processors,

  • an intelligent system is necessary to detect that there is a

  • syntax problem in the sentence and provide a possible fix.

  • Many people complain that the broker always errs.

  • But we must remember that, as intelligent systems

  • simulate the human, they make mistakes like us.

  • This is designed for you to have many questions about a subject so controversial

  • that arouses an enormous curiosity about the world, but also frightened.

  • Artificial Intelligence - History

  • The term "artificial intelligence" was created in 1956

  • upon the occasion of the important meeting at Dartmouth,

  • where they met minds like Allen Newell, Herbert Simon,

  • Marvin Minsky, Oliver Selfridge and John McCarthy.

  • At the end of the 50 born the symbolic processing with a result of efforts

  • Newell, Simon, and J. C. Shaw that instead of building systems based on numbers,

  • engineered systems capable of manipulating symbols.

  • Thus, the different currents of thought in Artificial Intelligence, now called

  • "Distributed Intelligence" have studied ways to establish, on the machines,

  • "intelligent" behavior, which could be easily expressed by Minsky in the

  • book Semantic Information Processing, "How do computers understand things?"

  • The term "Artificial Intelligence" can refer to an entire universe of

  • programming techniques used to try to solve problems more efficiently

  • than algorithmic solutions and the closest to the intelligent human behavior."

  • Main Technical

  • They stand out in the large family of techniques of

  • artificial intelligence, the following research fields:

  • A) natural language, which addresses a set of techniques aimed at the

  • recognition and generation of natural language, written and spoken.

  • The main applications are in the field of universal translators,

  • editors and the mining of texts and controls voice devices;

  • B) automation and robotics, i.e., the set of technological resources

  • that aim to create autonomous robots, able to learn and make decisions;

  • many of these systems are already in operation

  • and have been reported here in Hypescience.

  • C) perceptual systems, which aim to create

  • visual pattern recognition systems, sound, and

  • textures, to simulate and enhance the perception, whether optical, hearing or touch.

  • Its main applications are in the medical

  • diagnostic field and industrial quality control;

  • D) expert systems, which capture the knowledge in defined areas

  • of knowledge and human experience, using it in decision-making.

  • Observe currently important applications in medical diagnostics,

  • identification of chemical compounds and in decision-making

  • processes of business managers and brokers in the stock market.

  • A special feature of expert systems is the occurrence of

  • systems that support the decision in case-based reasoning;

  • E) genetic algorithms, which consist of several troubleshooting techniques based

  • on the principles of Darwinian evolution, or mutation breeding and selection.

  • They are used to solve problems involving a large number of variables and calculations,

  • such as the Fairings Aerodynamic projects

  • developed by aerospace and automotive industry.

  • F) intelligent agents that characterize the set

  • of stand-alone software that works in networks,

  • or in parallel to a primary software created to

  • achieve predictable, precise and repetitive tasks.

  • For example, operating systems, software that manage

  • e-mail and network tools are hosts for intelligent agents.

  • Noteworthy is its primary applications in the management

  • of large volumes of information, such as, for example,

  • in the stock market in search engines and the internet

  • in the monitoring and management of e-commerce;

  • G) neural networks, which are simulations of the human brain

  • processing patterns, such as plasticity and learning.

  • Has its architecture based on an approximation of the animal brain and instead

  • of being present, the neural network "learns" a particular training environment?

  • Its construction is based on Perceptron, a discrete component

  • that tends to simulate the physical behavior of a neuron.

  • The association of thousands of perceptrons obtained enough

  • plastic networks, which can recognize complex patterns,

  • such as cracks in metal welds in pipelines or quality

  • of an apple, diagnosed by color patterns of its bark.

  • In this book, we will talk about artificial intelligence from

  • the time that we would never think that such a concept existed.

  • The artificial intelligence is older than you think

  • The area is divided into two parts:

  • AI symbolic, which is connected to the psychology;

  • and the connectionism, or artificial neural networks, which comes from neurophysiology.

  • The latter, for reference, was that Google mentioned when he

  • explained how the AlphaGo, AI Robot DeepMind trained to play Go.

  • Computer science is a new field of study, but not artificial intelligence.

  • It is beyond the Greek philosophers, of Plato, of Aristotle.

  • It is very interesting to observe these scholars of the past.

  • They will reassemble and building what we understand today as a scientific model.

  • Not today we address tools of artificial intelligence in Tecnoblog.

  • We see Google leveraging technology to beat world champions

  • complex board games and even combat Aedes aegypti.

  • Microsoft has signaled several investments in the area, either

  • with "human capacity" or application of Microsoft Research.

  • What few people know is that it is one of the ...

  • old news, being idealized in time to before Christ.

  • Artificial intelligence, although much more palpable today, comes to the

  • Greek philosophers and had a breakthrough also in the twentieth century.

  • To understand what exactly this term, we need to

  • turn to the origin of artificial intelligence.

  • It is an area of computer science in which researchers

  • sought different realities of an only programmatic model.

  • Not to solve simple problems, such as adding two numbers,

  • intending to create a kind of thinking in computing.

  • Artificial intelligence in antiquity

  • Not that existed systems that did things for themselves, but the idea of a non-human

  • intelligence that thought itself was already conceived, according to the professor.

  • He says Aristotle, teacher of Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia (in

  • ancient Greece), thinking about how to free the slave of your business.

  • The slave was treated like nothing in the social aspect.

  • He imagined the following:

  • is an object like a broom, or an element that makes cleaning,

  • can have an own will and establish the storage system?

  • Thus, we would not need more than slave labor.

  • These guys saw that it was not cool to have this

  • domain and sacrifice of another human being.

  • He invented robotics in 300 B.C.

  • Philosophers were asking things like, "will be a slave in possession of

  • innate information (which come with the nature of man), could learn math?".

  • Of course yes.

  • The revolutionary is the line of thinking because they have

  • idealized cognitive science, which deals with human learning.

  • Development of Science

  • The 50s can be considered the time of the golden years of artificial intelligence.

  • There was a psychological chain called "behaviorists"

  • who treated science as only the act of human behavior:

  • his hand holding a doorknob turns because you want to open the door, for example.

  • According to the doctor, this is not a good explanation.

  • "I have to have information processing, which is what cognitive science does."

  • "It is not only an input box, input, and output.

  • I wonder what's in here [the box].

  • It is what artificial intelligence studies, know what's in this big box.

  • Artificial intelligence branches in many areas, from games to philosophy.

  • We can imagine this science as a significant

  • capillarity, which can be applied mainly at all."

  • The key, then, is to understand that artificial

  • intelligence is one, but its reach is huge.

  • Fernando works in this area for 40 years,

  • going from music and computing (in the 90s!)

  • to a homodinamic description of the functioning

  • of the heart with the lungs, in 1983.

  • This concept of artificial intelligence has been well established for several years.

  • What we know today as artificial intelligence was detailed in

  • a Congress by Professor John McCarthy of Stanford University.

  • He began using the term in the conference

  • made from Dartmouth College in New Hampshire.

  • At the time, there were already several theories of complexity,

  • language simulation, neural networks and learning machines.

  • He decided to give the name of artificial intelligence to

  • those of human imagination systems that use computer science.

  • Several engineers, mathematicians, psychologists

  • and neuroscientists participated.

  • The capacity and electronic functionality doubled every 18

  • months, an almost exponential growth that almost kept up.

  • Participants of the Congress left there believing that one

  • day computers would be able to be as smart as humans.

  • Well, it has not happened yet.

  • Still, McCarthy made great advances in his laboratory, one of the

  • first dedicated to the development of artificial intelligence.

  • He won the Turing Award in 1971, given the computer scientists

  • who have made outstanding contributions to the area.

  • Fernando points out that this award is basically the Nobel of computer science.

  • Turing test

  • The name comes from the mathematician Alan Turing,

  • portrayed in the movie The Imitation Game.

  • Turing is also one of the forerunners in the area of artificial intelligence,

  • according to Fernando, as the mathematician working with complexity.

  • Turing was responsible for accelerating the process of breaking the Enigma machine

  • code, to understand how the Germans communicated during the Second World War.

  • Another fascinating work, which also came from him, was the Turing test.

  • You stand in front of a teletype and do not know

  • what that tells you, and you are a man or a machine.

  • If you can not know how to identify whether it is man or machine

  • at the end of the conversation, the robot passed the Turing test.

  • In 2014, a group of Russian researchers created the Eugene

  • Goostman, a robot that is a boy of 13 who barely speaks English.

  • He tricked the judges and ended up winning Loebner

  • Prize, which is given to those who pass the Turing test.

  • However, many experts are skeptical about the achievements of Russian researchers.

  • Instead, they make a high-level Turing test, and they created the low-level test.

  • It is a Ukrainian boy who barely speaks

  • English, and the test is being done in English.

  • When he curls up on the process, he says he is only

  • a child of 13 years and can not respond very well.

  • In other words, it's easy to fool the judges when

  • you reduce the parameter of the robot can do.

  • You can not reduce the complexity of the problem.

  • I'll fool people there.

  • Will pass the Turing test, with a limitation.

  • But the limitation is the Russians, and not intelligence.

  • What we want is much higher.

  • The Turing test has used today.

  • According to the doctor, he must have served as inspiration

  • for Microsoft Make Bot Framework, for example.

  • Everything lies in the central core, the Turing test.

  • How does he do to achieve this, it could use technologies based

  • on psychological systems, or artificial neural networks.

  • Artificial neural networks are recognition machines,

  • which check if it passes through the machine learned.

  • It is estimated that only 20 years from a machine will be able to deceive man.

  • When asked if the Bot Framework Microsoft could

  • pass the Turing test, it shows disbelief.

  • Not necessarily.

  • Further learning this way, asking for a human when he does not know.

  • What exactly is artificial intelligence?

  • According to Elaine Rich, although most attempts to define

  • precisely terms complex and extensive use is exercise in futility,

  • it is necessary to outline at least a rough border around the concept

  • in order to have idea about the discussion will follow in chapter 4.

  • To do this, we propose the following definition,

  • although it is not universally accepted.

  • The Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the study of how to

  • make computers perform tasks that when people are better.

  • The term "artificial intelligence" was born in 1956 in the famous meeting in Dartmouth.

  • Among those present at this meeting included to Allen Newell,

  • Herbert Simon, Marvin Minsky, Oliver Selfridge and John McCarthy.

  • In the late 50's and early 60's, scientists Newell,

  • Simon, and J. C. Shaw introduced the symbolic processing.

  • Instead of building systems based on numbers, they

  • tried to build systems that manipulate symbols.

  • The approach was powerful and was instrumental in many later works.

  • Since then, the different currents of thought in IA have been

  • studying ways to establish "smart" behavior in machines.

  • Therefore, the great challenge of research in AI, since its inception,

  • can be synthesized with the inquiry made by Minsky in his book

  • "Semantic Information Processing", almost thirty years ago:

  • "How to make machines understand things?".

  • Thus, while the IA area to be studied academically

  • since the 1950s, only recently it has

  • generated a growing interest because of the

  • emergence of practical commercial applications.

  • A decisive factor for the success of this transition from academia to industry are

  • the huge technological advances of computer equipment over the last two decades.

  • An AI system is not only capable of storing and manipulating data, but

  • also the acquisition representation and manipulation of knowledge.

  • This manipulation includes the ability to deduce or infer

  • new knowledge - new relationships on facts and concepts -

  • from the existing knowledge and uses methods of representation and manipulation

  • to solve complex problems that are often non-quantitative in nature.

  • One of the most useful ideas that emerged from research

  • in AI is that facts and rules - declarative knowledge -

  • can be represented separately from the decision algorithms - procedural knowledge.

  • It had a profound effect on both the manner of addressing the problems

  • scientists, as in engineering techniques used to produce intelligent systems.

  • Adopting a particular procedure - inference engine -

  • the development of an AI system is reduced to obtaining and coding

  • rules and facts that are sufficient for a particular problem domain.

  • This encoding process is called knowledge engineering.

  • So the main issues to be outlined by the designer of an AI system are acquisition,

  • representation and manipulation of knowledge and a control strategy or

  • inference engine that determines the items of knowledge to be accessed,

  • the deductions to be made and the order of steps to be used.

  • The first knowledge-based expert program was written in 1967.

  • Called DENDRAL, he could predict the chemical structures

  • of unknown compounds based on analysis routines.

  • Subsequently, expert systems based on more sophisticated

  • rules have been developed, notably the program MYCIN.

  • It uses derivatives rules of the medical field to reason

  • (deduct) from a list of symptoms of a particular disease.

  • Many researchers now believe that AI is a key technology for the future of software.

  • Research in AI is related application areas involving human

  • reasoning, trying to imitate him and making inferences.

  • These areas of application are included in the AI settings include, among others:

  • Expert Systems and Knowledge Based Systems.

  • Intelligent Systems / Learning.

  • Understanding / Translation Natural Language

  • Understanding / Voice Generation

  • Image analysis and scene in real time

  • Automatic programming.

  • Therefore, it can be said that the AI field

  • aims, the continued rise of the "intelligence"

  • of the computer, searching for this, also the phenomena of natural intelligence.

  • To this end, AI is defined here as a collection of computer

  • techniques supported by emulating some capabilities of human beings.

  • This collection includes:

  • Troubleshooting

  • Natural Language Understanding

  • Vision and Robotics

  • Expert Systems and Knowledge Acquisition

  • Knowledge Representation Methods

  • The hope of major future breakthroughs in AI depends on several factors,

  • such as growth in the number of scientists involved in the research and advances mainly

  • in the areas of computer science (including parallel processing) and cognitive science.

  • Ethical dilemmas of artificial intelligence

  • Since all this work is in development for so long, I asked

  • him about the ethical dilemmas that computers may face.

  • We've talked about it with issues that a professor at Stanford is doing.

  • The subject is so important that it was

  • Tecnocast 033 theme entitled Scheduled to kill.

  • Imagine that there is an accident that the car can

  • not avoid, such as a pedestrian group (including

  • a mother with a stroller) that went through a

  • red light on a track of relatively high speed.

  • The car can not break in time, so what should he do?

  • Achieving the smallest object that can be a stroller or grocery store?

  • Steer sharply and risking the life of the driver?

  • The lives of those who should be prioritized: the driver or pedestrians?

  • These dilemmas certainly have gone to the head of

  • the drivers who made the decision "in the heat."

  • In the event of a tragedy,

  • it is possible until the driver is not convicted because he may not

  • have had time enough to think of the most appropriate decision.

  • With autonomous cars, the excuse does not work.

  • Just think of the carbon nanotubes, structures that come close

  • to our biology and may be the future of the cores of computers.

  • The fear that a machine can overcome the human does not mean that

  • humanity needs to be a reference to artificial intelligence.

  • Other beings who have no neurons, like amoebae,

  • bacteria, can also have artificial intelligence.

  • I work with a model that is the bacteria language.

  • Bacteria talk to each other, by quorum sensing.

  • Changing this paradigm of view, we have other

  • interpretations of the human healing model.

  • Just compare the model neurons with lichens, an association

  • between a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium.

  • We are talking about intelligent beings that will be connecting to each

  • other and form a collective intelligence, and they are smart as a group.

  • Like a neuron, one alone is not smart, but 100 billion is.

  • 10 awesome and terrifying advances in artificial intelligence

  • Stephen Hawking, Bill Gates and Elon Musk have

  • something in common (besides wealth and intelligence).

  • They are all terrified of a possible "revolution of the machines."

  • Also known as the Apocalypse of artificial intelligence,

  • this is a hypothetical scenario where artificially intelligent

  • machines become a way of life - life or not - dominant on Earth.

  • It may be that the robots rebel and become our masters, or worse,

  • they can exterminate humanity and claim the land for themselves.

  • But this apocalypse of the machines can happen in the real world?

  • What made respectable and world famous people like Musk and

  • Hawking express their concern about this hypothetical scenario?

  • Can Hollywood films like Terminator, be right, after all?

  • Let's find out why so many important people, even leading scientists are concerned

  • with the evolution of artificial intelligence and why it could happen very soon.

  • 10. They are learning to deceive and cheat

  • Lying is a universal behavior.

  • Humans do it all the time, and even some animals, such as

  • squirrels and birds, use lies as a resource for survival.

  • However, lie, no longer limited to humans and animals.

  • Researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology have

  • developed artificially intelligent robots able to cheat.

  • The research team, led by Professor Ronald Arkin, expects

  • its robots can be used by the military in the future.

  • Once perfected, the military can deploy these

  • intelligent robots on the battlefield.

  • They can serve as guards to protect supplies and ammunition of the enemy.

  • By learning the art of lying, these robots can "gain time until reinforcements can

  • reach," changing their patrol strategies to deceive other intelligent robots or humans.

  • However, Professor Arkin admits that there are

  • "significant ethical concerns" about his research.

  • If your leak discovered outside the military environment and

  • fell into the wrong hands, it could mean a catastrophe.

  • 9. They are beginning to take our jobs

  • Many of us are afraid of those robots movie

  • killers, but scientists say we should be more

  • concerned with the less terrible, but still

  • frightening, elimination of our work machines.

  • Several experts are concerned that advances in artificial intelligence

  • and automation could result in many people losing their jobs to robots.

  • In the United States, 250,000 robots already

  • perform work that humans used to do.

  • What is more alarming is that this number is increasing by double digits every year.

  • And it is not only workers who are concerned

  • with machines that perform human work;

  • IA experts are concerned too.

  • Andrew Ng, the Brain Project of Google and chief

  • scientist of Baidu (the Chinese equivalent

  • of Google), have expressed concerns about the

  • danger of advancing artificial intelligence.

  • Intelligent robots threaten us, he said, because they

  • can do "almost everything better than almost anyone."

  • Very respected institutions also launched studies that reflect this concern.

  • For example, Oxford University conducted a study that suggests that the next 20

  • years, 35% of jobs in the UK will be replaced by robots artificially intelligent.

  • 8. They are beginning to become more intelligent than humans hackers

  • Automated robot journalism

  • Hollywood movies often portray hackers as forces of law and legal sexy.

  • In real life, it is not so.

  • Hacking can be boring in real life, but in the

  • wrong hands, it can also be very dangerous.

  • What is more dangerous is the fact that scientists are developing hacking systems

  • with highly intelligent artificial intelligence to fight "evil hackers".

  • In August 2016, seven teams are set to compete in the Cyber Grand Challenge DARPA.

  • The goal of this contest is to present hackers robots superintelligent,

  • able to attack the vulnerabilities of enemies and at the same time, find and

  • arrange your weaknesses while protecting its performance and functionality.

  • Although scientists are developing robots hackers for the

  • common good, they also recognize that, in the wrong hands,

  • your super-hacking systems could trigger chaos and destruction.

  • Just imagine how dangerous it would be an artificial intelligence

  • to take control of these intelligent autonomous hackers.

  • We would be at least helpless.

  • 7. They are beginning to understand our behavior

  • Facebook is undeniably the most influential and powerful social media platform today.

  • For many of us, it has become an essential part of our routine.

  • But each time we used Facebook, we are interacting

  • unknowingly with artificial intelligence.

  • Mark Zuckerberg has explained how Facebook is using

  • artificial intelligence to understand our behavior.

  • The understanding how we behave or "interact with things" on Facebook,

  • the AI can make recommendations on things we might

  • find interesting or that serve to our preferences.

  • Zuckerberg has the plan to develop artificial bits of intelligence

  • more advanced to be used in other areas, such as medicine.

  • For now, Facebook's IA is only able to recognize patterns

  • and has a supervised learning, but it is anticipated that,

  • with the resources of the social network, scientists end up reaching

  • IAs superintelligent able to learn new skills and improve themselves,

  • something or that could improve our lives and lead us to extinction.

  • The line seems to be fragile.

  • 6. They will soon replace our lovers

  • Many films, such as Ex-Machina and She, have explored the

  • idea of people falling in love and having sex with robots.

  • But is that it could happen in real life?

  • The controversial answer is yes, and it will happen soon.

  • Dr. Ian Pearson, futurist one, released a shocking report in 2015 saying that the

  • human sex with robots will be more common than the old sex between humans in 2050.

  • Pearson led the report in partnership with

  • Bondara, one of the shops sex toys UK leaders.

  • The report also includes the following forecasts:

  • in 2025, many wealthy have access to some

  • form of artificially intelligent robots sex.

  • In 2030, the common people will be involved in some virtual

  • sex in the same way people casually watch porn movies today.

  • In 2035, many people have sex toys "that interact with the virtual reality of sex."

  • Finally, in 2050, the human sex with robots will become the norm.

  • Of course, some people are against artificially intelligent robots sex.

  • One is Dr. Kathleen Richardson, of De Montfort

  • University in the UK, an ethicist in robotics.

  • She believes that sexual encounters with machines will create unrealistic

  • expectations and encourage misogynistic behavior towards women.

  • It is a tough scenario to imagine.

  • 5. They are starting to get very similar to humans

  • It may seem like an ordinary woman, but it is not.

  • Yangyang is an artificial intelligence machine that

  • will gladly shake his hand and give her a warm hug.

  • It was developed by Hiroshi Ishiguro, a specialist in Japanese

  • robots, and Song Yang, a professor of Chinese robotics.

  • Yangyang had their appearance based on Professor Yang.

  • Yangyang is not the only robot that looks strangely like a human.

  • The Nanyang Technological University of Singapore (NTU)

  • has also created its version of the human robot.

  • It's called Nadine and is working as a receptionist at NTU.

  • Besides having a beautiful black hair, soft skin, Nadine can also

  • smile, meet and greet people, shake hands and make eye contact.

  • What is even more amazing is that it can recognize

  • guests and talk to them based on previous conversations.

  • As Yangyang, Nadine was based on his creator, Professor Nadia Thalmann.

  • 4. They are beginning to feel emotions

  • What separates humans from robots?

  • Is it the intelligence?

  • No, robots with artificial intelligence are much smarter than us.

  • Is it the look?

  • No, scientists have developed robots that are very similar to humans.

  • Perhaps the only remaining quality that sets us

  • apart from IAs is the ability to feel emotions.

  • Unfortunately, many scientists are working ardently to win this final frontier.

  • Microsoft's East Asia experts group created a

  • program (software) artificial intelligence

  • that can "feel" the emotions and talk to people in a more natural and "human".

  • Called Xiaoice, this IA "answers questions like a girl 17 years old."

  • If she does not know the subject, you can lie.

  • If it picks up, you can get angry or ashamed.

  • Xiaoice can also be sarcastic, evil and impatient,

  • qualities with which we can all relate to.

  • The unpredictability of Xiaoice allows you to

  • interact with people as if it were a human being.

  • For now, this IA is a novelty, a way Chinese

  • people have fun when you're bored or lonely.

  • But its creators are working to improve it.

  • According to Microsoft, Xiaoice already "entered a self-learning

  • and self-growth in a loop and will only get better."

  • Who knows, Xiaoice could be the grandmother of Skynet.

  • 3. They will invade our brains

  • Would not it be amazing if we could learn French in a matter of

  • minutes just by simply downloading the language in our brains?

  • This seemingly impossible feat can happen shortly.

  • Ray Kurzweil, futurist, inventor and Google engineering director predicts

  • that by 2030 "nanobots implanted in our brains make us like God."

  • Tiny robots inside our heads will make us able

  • to access and learn any information in minutes.

  • We might be able to file our thoughts and memories, and it would be

  • possible to send and receive emails and photos directly into our brains!

  • Kurzweil, who is involved with the development of artificial intelligence

  • in Google believes that by nanobots deployment inside our heads,

  • we become "more human, more unique and even more like gods".

  • If used the nanobots properly, it can do amazing things, such as epilepsy or

  • improve our intelligence and memory, but there are also dangers associated.

  • For starters, we do not clearly understand how the brain

  • works, and have nanobots implanted inside is perilous.

  • But most important of all is that, since these

  • nanobots would connect us to the Internet,

  • a powerful AI could easily access our brains and turn us into

  • zombies under his control, ready to rebel or destroy humanity.

  • 2. They are beginning to be used as weapons

  • To ensure "military advantage over China and Russia," the Pentagon

  • proposed a $ 12 billion budget to $ 15 billion for the year 2017.

  • The US military knows that to stay ahead of their

  • competitors, they need to explore artificial intelligence.

  • The Pentagon plans to use the billions that will ensure the government to develop deep

  • learning machines and autonomous robots alongside other forms of new technologies.

  • With this in mind, it would not be surprising if, in a few years, the military

  • is using "killer robots" with artificial intelligence on the battlefield.

  • Robots can make functional brains

  • Use IAs during wars could save thousands of lives, but combat arms

  • who can think and operate on their own pose a great threat, too.

  • They could potentially kill not only enemies but

  • also military personnel and even innocent people.

  • It is the danger that 1,000 experts in artificial

  • intelligence and renowned scientists want to avoid.

  • During the International Joint Conference on

  • Artificial Intelligence, held in Argentina in 2015,

  • they signed an open letter which prohibits the development of

  • autonomous weapons and artificial intelligence for military purposes.

  • Unfortunately, there is not much that this card can do.

  • We are now at the beginning of the third armamentística revolution,

  • and whoever wins will become the most powerful nation in the

  • world and perhaps the greatest catalyst of human extinction.

  • 1. They are beginning to learn what is right and what is wrong

  • In an attempt to prevent the rise of the machines, scientists are

  • developing new methods to enable machines to discern right from wrong.

  • In doing so, experts expect that they will become more comprehensive and humane.

  • Murray Shanahan, professor of cognitive robotics at Imperial College London,

  • believes this is the key to preventing machines to exterminate humanity.

  • Led by Mark Riedl and Brent Harrison, of the School of Interactive

  • Computing at Georgia Institute of Technology in the US,

  • researchers are trying to instill ethics in human AIs through the use of stories.

  • It may sound simplistic, but it makes a lot of sense.

  • In real life, we teach human values to children by reading them stories.

  • AIs are like children.

  • They do not really know the difference between right

  • and wrong or good and evil until they are taught.

  • However, there is also great danger in teaching

  • human values artificially intelligent robots.

  • If you look at the annals of human history,

  • you will find that, although they are taught

  • about what is right or wrong, people are still able to produce an unimaginable evil.

  • Just look at Hitler, Stalin and Pol Pot.

  • If human beings are capable of so much evil,

  • which prevents, a powerful AI do the same?

  • Another possible scenario is that some AI understands that we

  • are doing harm to each other and therefore must be controlled.

  • Another super-IA may notice that humans are bad for the environment, and

  • therefore, our existence is being harmful, and we should no longer exist.

  • ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A danger to humanity?

  • In 2014, Stephen Hawking said that artificial

  • intelligence can "wipe out humanity."

  • The physicist said that as the system becomes

  • more intelligent, we can get into danger.

  • But some experts do not believe in this thesis and come

  • to compare this theory with something more serious:

  • "Do you think the AIDS virus enters your immune system and kill you now?

  • No, because if you die, he dies together.

  • Think of me: the models are also smart.

  • If the virus will survive in this new environment, and it survives

  • only if you also have live, only a fool would kill its host."

  • They do not see the relevance of these issues that

  • artificial intelligence can put the human race at risk.

  • "People need to open up the mind.

  • If you think only the downside, you only build negative things.

  • "Many scientists prefer to think that gives to improve many problems of

  • humanity with artificial intelligence, as his contributions in medicine.

  • We still think the developments of science and technology as villains

  • in society, something violent, because we can only think of violence.

  • When we are trained to think of balance, happiness, lightness,

  • we will build the same paradigms thinking of good things.

All this may seem very close to fiction,

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