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  • In December 2016, the UN Human Rights Commission issued a statement, warning of ethnic cleansing

  • in parts of South Sudan, the world’s newest recognized country.

  • UN officials cited instances of gang rape, starvation, and village burning, comparing

  • the events to the 1994 Rwandan Genocide, which saw as many as one million deaths in just

  • three months.

  • So what is behind South Sudan’s ethnic violence, and could the country be on the brink of a

  • full-blown genocide?

  • Well, South Sudan broke off from Sudan in 2011, after decades of guerilla warfare between

  • Sudan’s Muslim north and Christian south.

  • After independence, the newly formed South Sudan instated former military commander Salva

  • Kiir as president, representing the largest ethnic group, the Dinkas.

  • His Vice President, Dr. Riek Machar, was to represent the second largest ethnic group,

  • called theNuers]”.

  • But tension grew within the government, and in July 2013, President Kiir purged his entire

  • cabinet, including Vice President Machar.

  • Then in December of that year, Kiir accused Machar of organizing an attempted coup, and

  • fighting broke out within the military between those who supported the President and others

  • who backed the former VP.

  • This political infighting spread to ethnic Nuer and Dinka militias, and eventually culminated

  • into a civil war between the two tribes.

  • The fighting escalated in early 2014, when neighboring Uganda deployed troops to support

  • Dinka-backed government forces.

  • As of March 2016, an estimated 50,000 people have died and nearly three million, or about

  • a quarter of the population, have been forced from their homes.

  • Much of the fighting has been divided along ethnic lines, with government forces accused

  • of targeting majority Nuer towns, and anti-government militias allegedly targeting Dinka towns.

  • In one particularly heinous incident, rebel militias overtook a city, killing more than

  • 400 civilians on the basis of their ethnicity or nationality.

  • Rebel forces even took over the local radio station, urging men to rape women of specific

  • ethnicities and calling for rival militias to be purged from the town.

  • According to the UN, sexual violence as a means of ethnic cleansing is still rife.

  • In fact, the organization’s November 2016 survey found that 70 percent of women in the

  • city of Juba had experienced sexual assault since the civil war began.

  • According to one surveyed woman, rape happenseverydayand as a result, there isno

  • stigmaaround it.

  • In an effort to stop the ethnic violence, the United States has sought to impose sanctions

  • on government and rebel forces, effectively stifling both sides of the conflict.

  • But the resolution has yet to see the full support of the UN.

  • Other attempts at ending the war, including at least seven peace deals or ceasefires,

  • have been unsuccessful.

  • For now, there is no foreseeable end to the fighting and according to UN officials, what

  • started as a political feud could soon become anoutright ethnic war”.

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  • South Sudan formed as a way out of Sudan’s seemingly never ending war.

  • Yet, South Sudan itself has been at war for nearly as long as it has existed.

  • This is far from the only African region at war, so why are there so many wars in Africa?

  • Find out in this video.

  • Another region of ongoing conflict is Darfur in Sudan.

  • Since 2003 anit-government rebel groups attempted a coup d'etat essentially to protect the country's

  • non-Arab minority.

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In December 2016, the UN Human Rights Commission issued a statement, warning of ethnic cleansing

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