Name: BLUEBERRY | How Does it Grow?
Uploaded: 2024-07-23T11:30:20.000Z
Duration: 10 min 48 s
Description: Thousands of YouTube videos with English-Chinese subtitles! Now you can learn to understand native speakers, expand your vocabulary, and improve your pronunciation...

If I could nominate one fruit to be the national fruit of the United States, it would be the blueberry.

Americans, we fiercely guard our independence.

Let's go with that, because that, my friends, is also the spirit of the blueberry. Even though it's native to North America, even though it's been growing here for thousands of years, it remained totally untamed until very recently.

You know, my grandmother never even saw a blueberry as a young woman, and she ran a fruit stand in Brooklyn.

It wasn't until the early 1940s that farmed blueberries really took off nationwide.

Before that, if you wanted blueberries, you had to find and pick them in the wild. So why was it so hard to farm the blueberry?

To understand that, we have to find out, blueberry, how does it grow?

Our investigation starts in the storied Pine Barrens of New Jersey, whose official state fruit is the blueberry.

This is Whitesbog Village, the birthplace of the global blueberry business.

Today, it's a National Historic Site and home to a big annual blueberry festival.

A century ago, it was the first place anywhere to commercially farm the highbush blueberry. Wait, wait, wait, wait, stop the music.

To fully appreciate the blueberry's place in American culture, we have to go back to the huge role it played in the lives of our native people.

For them, the blueberry was food, it was medicine, it was a spiritual symbol.

In fact, they called them starberries, for their perfect five-pointed star at the blossom end.

They were a gift from the Great Spirit. From roots to leaves, indigenous people used every part of the blueberry bush.

They brewed a tea for women in childbirth.

They boiled the blueberries down into a thick cough syrup.

They also dried them so they could be eaten through the long, lean winter months.

The waves of European immigrants who came to this country embraced this new fruit, but none of them as deeply as the Native American peoples. It wasn't until 1911 that blueberries got serious attention again, this time from the daughter of a cranberry farmer.

She lived right here at Whitesbog, then New Jersey's largest cranberry farm.

Elizabeth Coleman White, a heroine in the male-dominated stories of American agriculture.

She had the vision to expand her father's cranberry operation to include blueberries in the summer.

And so she invited Frederick Covel, a botanist who had just made a groundbreaking blueberry discovery. Previously, people had dug up wild blueberry bushes and replanted them in their best soil.

They nurtured them like they would any other fruit crop, only to watch them die.

Covel figured out a strange but fundamental secret.

Blueberries demand highly acidic soil, soil that can't support most other crops.

And Jersey's barren pinelands were perfect for blueberries.

But farming is all about growing a consistent crop.

So White and Covel set out to find the best of the wild blueberries that they could then and eventually crossbreed. I should probably note here that there's not just one kind of blueberry.

Just like there are many kinds of apples, there are blueberries with different colors, sizes, tastes, and textures.

White enlisted locals to search the woods for large berries.

She named each plant they chose to cultivate after the person who found it.

Now to grow a whole field of rubles, White and Covel used the same cloning technique that's used today.

For that, we're heading to Atlantic Blueberry Company.

Once the world's largest blueberry farm, it's still the largest in New Jersey. The U.S., by the way, is the worldwide leader in cultivated blueberries, while Canada is tops for wild ones.

Wild berries grow on low bushes found wild, then fertilized and cared for like farmed ones.

But we're following the story of the cultivated highbush, which provides the lion's share of the world's fresh blueberries.

The life of a blueberry bush begins in the nursery.

Small cuttings from a chosen variety are planted and nurtured until they're strong enough to be transferred to the field.

A modest harvest can take five years, but a bush bears fruit for up to 50. Blueberries are born in the spring, after the bushes bloom with bell-shaped flowers.

You can see that star shape at the tips of their petals.

When the berries emerge, they're the lightest of green.

Then they deepen into reddish pink, and finally into their famous dusty blue.

To extend the season, most farms grow at least three different blueberries, ones that ripen early, mid-season, and late.

So if you think your blueberries taste different throughout the summer, you're right.

They're not all the same variety. But there's an even deeper secret here.

The best blueberries, ones with flavor that would knock your socks off, they're not sold in stores.

The big farms don't grow them, they're too risky.

The berries are too delicate, or the bushes too sensitive.

But you might find these tasty ones at farmers markets.

They're also available in seed catalogs, so you can grow your own.

That means you can pop these little powerhouses of vitamin C and A, plus antioxidants, whenever you like. When it's time to harvest, blueberries don't make it easy.

They don't all ripen at the same time on the bush.

So pickers need to harvest with as much care as they do speed, taking only the ripest of berries.

And it's a gentle, I'm watching, a gentle roll of the thumb that gets these off.

So these guys have to have the lightest of hand.

This sort of frosted color of the blueberry is a protective coating.

And if you touch them too much, they turn really dark like that, which means that the coating is off.

And it means that the shelf life of these berries is cut by two or three days. I really don't call them pickers.

There's this idea that anybody can come out here and they're going to come up with a great quality berry.

No, you don't want to see inside my bucket.

I am not getting the hang of this. At Atlantic, berries sold fresh are harvested by hand.

But usually after two pickings, machines do a final sweep, shaking the bushes to release the remaining berries.

Since they may suffer a few knocks, they go straight to the freezer to be sold as frozen berries.

Meanwhile, hand-picked berries hit the sorting line.

A color scanner weeds out underripe berries, anything that isn't blue.

These may go into juice, purees, even pet food.

The berries then drop onto a pressure plate.

Softer, overripe berries move slower than firm ones, so they're ejected from the line and often wind up as frozen. Thanks to the pioneering work done right here in New Jersey a century ago, blueberries are now farmed all over the world, from New Zealand to the Netherlands.

And the antioxidant craze has helped global production triple in the last decade alone.

That's a huge accomplishment for a wild little American berry.

After all, the Native Americans believed that blueberry was a divine gift.

And so did one of our most American of authors.

When I see as now, in climbing one of our hills, huckleberry and blueberry bushes, bent to the ground with fruit, I think of them as fruits fit to grow on the most Olympian or heaven-pointing hills.

It does not occur to you at first that where such thoughts are suggested is Mount Olympus, and that you who taste these berries are a god.

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BLUEBERRY | How Does it Grow?

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