Welcome to watch Mojo And today we're counting down our picks for the top 10 discoveries that changed history.

A DNA strand like me is a blueprint for building a living thing.

My biggest difference see It evolved a slightly bigger hook over the generations to help me eat the cactus on this part of the island.

You gotta locate the closest medical research facility.

A C.

D.

C.

A W.

H.

O.

Something that makes vaccines for this list.

We're ranking concepts, theories, objects and anything that altered life as we know it after being discovered, we won't be tackling inventions because they deserve a list of their own.

Let us know in the comments of which other influential discoveries you stand Number 10.

Quantum theory isolated completely.

A quantum system would revert back to separate states of matter, each entangled with a distinct state of its environment.

In the 20th century, quantum theory came along and blew up everything we thought we knew about matter.

That is everything that physically exists in the universe.

A century after the true discovery of atoms, we finally started to decipher them.

Atoms are made up of subatomic particles, protons, neutrons, and electrons.

While light itself is made up of photons.

Quantum mechanics explains how all matter at the smallest level interacts with itself and with light.

Without quantum theory, we wouldn't understand electromagnetism radiation or atomic structure, meaning that neither modern physics nor chemistry could exist.

It's quantum entanglement between the quantum states of Posner molecules in your brains.

Yeah, that's what I was thinking.

It was pioneered by major physicists like max Planck and Niels Bohr and is one of science's most important disciplines.

You guys just put the word quantum in front of everything.

Number nine x rays.

So I guess we can skip all this.

Huh.

Well, we're here.

Machines on may as well take a look abundant in the universe.

X rays are a form of ionizing high frequency radiation, totally invisible to the human eye.

They were first discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen, whose name is still used as a unit of radiation.

X rays rapidly became an indispensable part of modern medicine.

The calcium in bones absorbs the X rays and allows images to be taken of the inside of the body.

Wow, wow.

What what is, wow, what is that?

That's yep.

This allows us to study all kinds of afflictions we previously had to guess about at the same time, radiation and radio activity were being studied by scientists from Henri Becquerel to Marie and Pierre curie Marie curie ultimately received a nobel prize for her work in the field of X rays.

Number eight dinosaurs.

Yeah, For a long time.

What existed on Earth before us was a mystery then in the 1800s, Paleontology was invented as a discipline after the first almost complete fossil of an archaeopteryx ricks was discovered.

It wasn't the first dinosaur bone ever found.

However, this discovery of a fossil meant people had the most substantial link to the widespread existence of dinosaurs.

Mm hmm, mm hmm.

Humanity had uncovered the remains of an entire ecosystem that died out millions of years ago.

Now, dinosaurs are a fixture in every natural history museum in the world.

They've also been the subject of a few popular movies you may have heard of.

Hey, hey, what did I just say?

Who doesn't have a favorite dinosaur?

Number seven The Big Bang Theory universe was in a hot, dense state.

Then nearly 14 billion years ago, expansion started in the 19 twenties.

It was observed by influential physicist George Lowe Metra and Edwin Hubble that the universe was expanding.

They also realized that this expansion was getting faster.

So if you go back in time, the universe would theoretically get smaller at a slower rate.

And by that logic are massive universe started as a small and dense singularity ready to get bigger.

Scientists theorized that it exploded at some time and gave birth to the universe in an astonishing explosion.

Now nicknamed the Big Bang.

It took most of the 20th century for the Big Bang to become the most widely accepted cosmological model of the universe.

But it's now one of the most important discoveries in science.

Isn't that right?

Sheldon Science history unraveling the mystery that all started with a Big Bang.

Number six.

Electricity proof that electricity existed appeared in the magnetic fields across the universe and lightning in the sky for millennia.

But it took a long time for humans to work out how to harness the natural power of electricity.

When we did, it created a technological revolution like no other.

While founding Father Benjamin Franklin conducted many experiments to study lightning.

The true father of electricity is Michael Faraday.

This scientist built on centuries of research to invent the electric motor.

Faraday's work in turn led to revolutions like the light bulb.

Decades later, Nicola Tesla would even invent a way to wirelessly transmit electricity was conducting the electricity.

Our bodies mr Angier quite capable of conducting and indeed producing energy.

While that discovery was virtually ignored for another 100 years, it was another huge stepping stone in this crucial field.

Number five penicillin.

That wasn't so bad.

That was penicillin.

You might not think that mold would be the basis for modern antibiotics, but that's exactly where penicillin, the world's first antibiotic originated the compound and its medicinal properties were discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928.

He also named it empire near the production process.

penicillin is used to fight off a wide range of infections, most often those caused by strep bacteria like strep throat and strep meningitis, she needs a massive dose of penicillin or a broad spectrum antibiotic immediately or Fleming built upon similar developments that were achieved in the previous century by louis Pasteur.

He pioneered germ theory and realized that microbes and bacteria were responsible for causing illness.

Thanks to Pasteur.

People learned the importance of disinfection to prevent disease.

Hey guys, I found it.

What How do you know?

Because it says penicillin on the bottom number four theory of relativity, every hour we spend on that planet will be seven years back on Earth.

Well that's relativity folks.

In the early 1900s, a young scientist named Albert Einstein realized that Isaac Newton's ideas about gravity were largely wrong.

He expressed this discovery through his theories of general and special relativity, which have formed the backbone of modern physics for many decades.

Einstein's groundbreaking equations described how gravity is created by massive objects bending spacetime around them.

Time is relative.

Okay, it can stretch and it can squeeze but it can't run backwards.

He also predicted phenomena like black holes and gravitational waves which decades later were proven conclusively to exist.

It was a revelation on par with the Copernican system that put the sun at the center of the solar system instead of the earth, relativity was yet another theory that changed our entire perspective of the universe.

The only thing that can move across dimensions like time is gravity.

Number three D.

N.

A.

Mr DNA.

Where did you come from from your blood?

Just one drop of your blood contains billions of strands of DNA.

The building blocks of life.

Humans just like every other organism on earth have D.

N.

A.

But we didn't always know what that was.

The team behind.

The discovery of the double helix was James, Watson Francis, crick, Maurice Wilkins and they often forgotten Rosalind franklin.

While they weren't the first to think about DNA like this, all of them did invaluable work in the 19 fifties.

Their research eventually led to the human genome being completely sequenced in 2000 and three.

If we looked at screens like these, once a second for eight hours a day, it takes two years to look at the entire DNA strains.

It's that long brilliant minds used this invaluable resource to better understand genes, traits and diseases caused by DNA.

And genetics is still advancing at an unprecedented rate.

Most recently.

The development of CRISPR gene editing tool could cure genetic conditions and possibly eradicate cancer.

We used the complete DNA of a frog to fill in the holes and completely cold.

Number two vaccines, it has to be viral.

There is no plausible alternative.

And like any virus, once we find its origin, we can develop a vaccine.

The development of vaccines, particularly modern ones like the polio vaccine might be considered more of an invention than a discovery.

But the very first one made to combat smallpox is a different story.

If we knew where this thing started, then we'd have a chance of developing a vaccine to stop british.

Doctor Edward Jenner observed that milkmaids who had been exposed to the cowpox virus didn't develop smallpox later on in life.

Using that knowledge, he used the puss from the cowpox virus itself with no modifications to successfully inoculate people against smallpox.

This wasn't the first time a similar process had been attempted.

However, Jena's method was one of the most effective and paved the way for the virtual eradication of smallpox.

In the late 20th century, the World Health Organization has created a vaccine that works as a kind of camouflage, making people who receive it invisible to the infected Before we continue.

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Number one Evolution, mutation.

It is the key to our evolution.

It is how we have evolved from a single celled organism into the dominant species on the planet.

After some long voyages on the H.

M.

S.

Beagle Charles.

Darwin was finally ready to publish his magnum opus 1859 on the origin of species in this book.

He laid out his theory of evolution.

It basically states that animals were all related if you go far enough back And species gain adaptations over time, including humans, genetic mutation.

The evolution of the Human Genome Evolution Shook the world to its core and was interpreted by many religions as indictment of their beliefs.

Around 150 years later, evolution is regarded as fact by scientists and a large majority of the public.

The theory helped us figure out how humans and animals adapted to even the harshest environments over time.

By understanding how living creatures changed in the past, scientists can theorize how they'll evolve in the future the next stage in evolution.

What Charles and I dreamt of finding.

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