Name: The Promise and Peril of Fast-Tracking the Coronavirus Vaccine | WSJ
Uploaded: 2021-05-30T08:09:51.000Z
Duration: 8 min 15 s
Description: Thousands of YouTube videos with English-Chinese subtitles! Now you can learn to understand native speakers, expand your vocabulary, and improve your pronunciation...

- [Daniela] In response to the coronavirus crisis,

researchers are working at a breakneck pace

Relative clauses (Restrictive vs. nonrestrictive)

to develop solutions that will allow economies

we won't be able to get this pandemic under control

and stop the devastation that it's currently causing

of 10 years to develop, according to a 2013 study,

but researchers and pharmaceutical companies

are hoping to bring their vaccine candidates

for the new coronavirus to market in 12 to 18 months.

Emergency Use Authorizations before the end of the year.

to expedite this process so dramatically?

including prior knowledge of coronaviruses,

improvements in sequencing of viral genomes,

advancements in bioengineering technologies,

unprecedented government support and funding,

Traditionally, after scientists develop a vaccine candidate,

This starts in cells, and then transitions to animals,

Testing only advances from one phase to the next

- At that stage, you would then likely perform

and seeing the impact of your vaccine on that disease model

where, of course, you would hope to protect it.

- Then they'd use that data to get approval from regulators

each one testing more people than the last.

where researchers wrap up each set of experiments

developers are now doing many tests in parallel.

- So we're not skipping steps, but we're doing things

at the same time, which of course costs a lot more

and is a lot more work than doing it one after the other,

- The novel coronavirus was discovered and sequenced

Several candidates are already in phase one of human trials,

including those made by Inovio and Pfizer,

even as companies await results from animal studies.

- Our phase one trial will run for a year,

but we're not going to wait for that full year period

to have elapsed before we hopefully move on

- Because of the worry of COVID-19 being so devastating,

and this oughta concern, because we don't really know

all that much about immunity to this virus,

- [Daniela] Vaccines work on a simple premise.

They trick the body into thinking a virus has infiltrated it

and starts producing antibodies and other defenses

In this case, scientists think their target

is the spike protein, which the coronavirus uses

that the spike protein is the major protein

on the outside of the virus of these coronaviruses

and neutralizing antibodies is what you need

is when there's enough immunity in the population,

and it's a much gentler path for everybody to get a vaccine

- [Daniela] This concept is known as herd immunity.

Dozens of companies and labs are trying various technologies

to develop vaccines that would get us there quickly.

most collaborative vaccine development effort

viral vectors, and genetic code vaccines.

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The Promise and Peril of Fast-Tracking the Coronavirus Vaccine | WSJ

approach

immune

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pandemic