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  • Hey, welcome to Draft CAD me my name is Mike in this course, I'm gonna cover everything you need to know to get started

  • writing HTML

  • HTML stands for hypertext

  • Markup language and it's basically just a language that we can use to create web pages

  • So if you've ever been on the internet almost every single page on the internet was written in this language called HTML

  • And in HTML you can define the series of HTML tags

  • Which will define the layout and the look and the feel of your website

  • So if you can learn what those HTML tags are and if you can learn where to put them and how to use them together

  • Then you can build your own website. It's actually a lot easier than people think to build a custom website

  • I mean so often people will run off to use like content management systems or they use programs to build websites for them

  • But sometimes it's fun to just go in and get your hands dirty and start building a website from scratch

  • And you're gonna learn how to do that in this course in this course

  • I'm gonna cover the basics of using HTML

  • So from the first lesson on to the last lesson

  • You're gonna be writing HTML you're gonna be learning new tags and you're gonna be learning new ways to manipulate a webpage to make it

  • Look and feel the way that you want it to hTML is an invaluable skill

  • I mean even just putting HTML experience on your resume

  • Could help you get a job one day or it could just be something cool that you could brag to your friends about as awesome

  • As it is

  • I think sometimes people can be a little bit

  • Intimidated to try and learn HTML because it seems like there's so much to learn and it seems so complicated

  • I'm here to tell you that it's actually really

  • Easy to learn and I'm gonna be here with you throughout the entire course walking you through all of the basics. Trust me

  • I've known HTML for a while so I know what's worth learning and what's not we're gonna cover everything that you need

  • We're going to talk about all the important things and by the end of this course, you're gonna have a true and full

  • Understanding of what hTML is how to use it and how to build your own website

  • In this tutorial I want to talk to you about choosing a text editor for

  • HTML now whenever you are writing HTML, you're actually writing it inside of what's called an HTML file

  • So this is a file just a lot like a text file but instead of a dot

  • Txt or a dot do CX extension. We have a dot HTML extension

  • so with HTML you're basically just writing these HTML files and then your web browser is able to take those files and

  • Display them as web pages and it's some of this really cool thing

  • but the first step in writing hTML is picking some program that you can use to write these HTML files and

  • There's a bunch of different options

  • when you're trying to choose an HTML text editor and I think a lot of times it can get a little bit confusing or maybe

  • even a little bit overwhelming just because there's so many options and so many people have different opinions on which is the best

  • Editor and you know, what's the best thing for beginners to do in this video?

  • I just want to give you an overview of like what are your options and then maybe give you some recommendations?

  • As far as like where to start so with HTML text editors, really all you need is just a simple text editor

  • so any text editor that you have which is capable of editing files and saving them in different formats is gonna work for you and

  • Generally when you're writing HTML, you don't want to use like a word processing program

  • There's a lot of word processors out there, you know Microsoft Word Google Docs LibreOffice

  • These are like these big word processing programs

  • and

  • This is generally not something that you want to use

  • so you don't want to be typing out your HTML inside of a you know, Microsoft Word, that's

  • Kind of an overkill when you're running HTML the simpler the better

  • So a lot of times for beginners people will recommend that you use the just very simple text editor that you have on your computer

  • On windows it's gonna be notepad on Mac

  • It's like TextEdit and these are just the bare-bones

  • Simple text editors and it's actually more than enough that you need to write

  • HTML and so like I said generally for beginners writing HTML in something simple like notepad or TextEdit

  • really forces you to focus on writing the HTML and you

  • to type out every single line and you have to really look to make sure that everything's formatted correctly and

  • Ultimately, it'll just help you to really grasp the fundamentals

  • But if you're somebody who doesn't want to use like notepad or TextEdit

  • You can actually use a specially designed

  • Program and there's a bunch of these programs out there which are specially designed to write HTML in some of the popular programs

  • There's one called atom sublime

  • Brackets txt regular webstorm. There's a bunch of these different programs that have been developed by different companies and

  • you can go online and do a bunch of research, but

  • Essentially what these are are programs that are especially designed to help you write your HTML

  • So they'll take the HTML and they might display it differently

  • They might give you the ability to use like add-ons or different features that will make writing HTML a little bit easier

  • But as a penalty for that

  • They're also a little bit more complicated to use and so like I said generally for beginners like the less

  • Complicated things are the better. So you may want to err more on the side of doing something simple

  • And then once you learn HTML move up to one of these other programs, I want to show you sort of the difference in what?

  • these might look like

  • So over here, I have TextEdit and this is just the default like text editor on Macs

  • So if I open this you'll see here I have this file and this is actually an HTML file

  • So inside of this file

  • I have written a bunch of HTML and this is like the simplest HTML document you're ever gonna see

  • But this is what writing HTML would look like in something like this

  • and so if I wanted to add some more HTML down here I could just type it out and

  • You know, it's very simple there's nothing to configure there's nothing to add on you just sort of write out your HTML

  • But something more complicated it would be a program like this

  • This is called Adam

  • and this is one of those text editors I was talking about and this makes it you know a little bit easier for you to

  • Write the HTML you can see it's formatted a little bit differently, right? So

  • This is the same code by the way. So over here, these little tags are color. This is colored up here

  • So there's different colors generally programs

  • Like this will allow you to choose different themes so I could you know

  • Make the whole look in the feel of this different. So there's a lot of really cool options and

  • Configuration options that you can use with a text editor like this

  • But we also need to understand is writing HTML and this is doing exactly the same thing as this doing functionally

  • These are the same thing. They're just you know, it's an environment for us to write HTML in so here's my recommendation to you

  • I would definitely recommend and a lot of people recommend this starting with a simple text editor like this. It doesn't have to be

  • TextEdit, but it can be something simple and the whole idea

  • Is that the simpler the better when you're first learning HTML?

  • You don't want to have to worry about you know, configuring different things or working with some heavy text editor

  • you know using something light and simple like

  • TextEdit is just gonna allow you to focus on the HTML and then once you have a grasp for writing HTML

  • And you really feel comfortable doing it. Then you can move up to a program like this now, obviously, that's just my recommendation

  • You don't have to listen to me. And if you do want to choose a program like this

  • Definitely do your research try out a couple different programs see which one fits for you

  • You're gonna hear a lot of people online saying like this text editor is the best that one's the best, you know

  • People always get into little fights about those things. But the best text editor is the one that is right for you

  • And so it's the one that you enjoy using the most

  • Don't listen so much to what other people are saying

  • the best way to pick is just to try a bunch of these different text editors and as you go through this course

  • Even you can try a bunch of different ones and see how you like using each one

  • but again for beginners

  • I would recommend starting simple hTML is a really simple language

  • And so the less you can bog it down with like all these

  • Plugins and add-ons and themes like the better it is because with web development and just programming in general

  • It's usually the simpler and the more straightforward something is the better it is

  • In this tutorial I want to talk to you about creating your first HTML file

  • So I'm going to show you how to create an HTML file

  • I'll show you how you can view that HTML file on your web browser and I'll show you how to set up your

  • HTML file with some default HTML code in order to make it work properly

  • So the first thing I'm going to do is create a folder for my project

  • so I'm gonna create a folder that I can put my HTML files in for my website over here in my

  • file explorer I'm just gonna make a new folder and

  • I'm just gonna call this

  • GA underscores site for draft Khadem e site and

  • then now what we can do is open up this folder inside of my text editor so I'm gonna come over here and I'll just

  • this project folder

  • And now inside of this folder I'm gonna create a new file so I'm gonna say new file and I'm just gonna call this

  • Index dot HTML

  • Now the reason I'm naming this file index dot HTML is because generally when you're creating your first web page

  • You want to name it index dot HTML

  • Index that HTML is a special file name that we can use and if a file is named index.html

  • And it's at the root directory of your folder. Then your web browser will think that that's the home page of your website

  • So if you're just creating one web page like this, it's a good idea for us to name it index dot HTML

  • But really you can name it whatever you want. I'm gonna name mine

  • index.html and

  • So now we have our HTML file open. So this is actually a

  • File now that we can use and view on our web browser

  • So if I just came over here and type hello world

  • I can actually take this file and I'm just gonna open it up inside of my web browser

  • So I'm gonna click open open with and then I'll open it with my web browser

  • So I'm going to open it with Google Chrome

  • And now what will happen and you'll see this file will open up and over here on the web browser

  • We have our text. So this is like the simplest

  • purest form of HTML which is just typing out some bare-bones text inside of an HTML file and

  • It'll display here on our screen. But if we want to have an HTML file that's like an official file and that's structured correctly

  • We're actually gonna have to add in some extra

  • Code in here so I'm gonna get rid of this and we're gonna create what's called an HTML tag

  • Now hTML is a language that's used to define

  • Layouts for web pages and we can define those layouts

  • Using things called tags so I can create a series of tags and those tags will basically tell my web browser

  • How I want my website to look and what content I want to have on my website. So

  • in order to kind of

  • Start creating our HTML file. We're gonna have to create a basic

  • Skeleton of HTML tags and these are just standard tags that every HTML file is gonna have and they're basically going to give our browser

  • Different information about what's in our file so up here

  • The first tag that I want to create is gonna be called

  • doctype and we're basically going to define what the document type of this file is gonna be and

  • We're gonna create an HTML file. So i'm gonna type an exclamation point

  • Do see typ e all caps just like that and then I want to say HTML

  • So this tag is basically telling my web browser

  • the type of this document is

  • HTML so, this is an HTML document and

  • Now down here. I can start creating what are called container tags. So this is a single tag

  • We only need one of these tags, but in HTML

  • There's a lot of tags which are called container tags and it basically means that there's two tags

  • So there's a starting tag and there's an ending tag and you can put other tags inside of them

  • So they act as containers for either content or other HTML tags

  • And the first one we're gonna create is just called the HTML tag, so I'm gonna make it less than sign

  • HTML and a greater than sign and now I can close off this tag

  • So this is the starting tag, and I want to create an ending tag

  • So I'm going to create that down here

  • and the way that you create an Tagg is you take the name of the starting tag and

  • You basically just put a forward slash before it and then you type out the name of the starting tag

  • So this is now a pair of tags and you can see the relationship right? So up here. We have the starting tag

  • So hTML is the name of this tag, you could say that this is an HTML tag and this is the ending tag

  • So it uses that same name, but it uses this forward slash

  • so that forward slash is used to denote that this is the ending tag and this HTML tag is

  • Gonna be necessary for any HTML files that you have. This is basically like the highest level tag in our website

  • It's like the overall container tag for our website. And so all of the

  • HTML code and HTML tags are gonna go inside of here

  • So now there's two other sets of tags that I need to create

  • The first set is called the head tags, and the second is called the body tags

  • So in any HTML file, there's two basic sections

  • There's the head of the document and then there's the body of the document and the head of the document

  • Defines data about the document so we can define things like the title of the document we can give the document a description

  • We could define other attributes about the document like maybe an image that's associated to the document

  • We can also use the head to import any resources that we need into our HTML file

  • so you'll find out later that we can actually link this HTML file to other types of files and

  • Inside of the head we can do all of that. So the head is sort of like the settings of the HTML file

  • It's like the command center

  • It's sort of like metadata about the actual file and we can create the head by creating head tags

  • So it's gonna be a less than sign we're gonna type head and now we can close off this tag

  • just like that and

  • Now I'm going to create a body tag

  • So the body tag is where we're gonna put like the meat and the bones of the HTML page

  • So the body tag is where all of our HTML content is going to go

  • Generally, the body is gonna be a lot bigger than the head

  • The body is gonna be where you're actually putting all the content for your web page

  • So anything that's in the body for the most part is gonna show up or at least it's gonna get rendered by the browser

  • Now down here. I'm just gonna make these body tags. So I'm gonna say body and we'll make another closing tag

  • Body and so I'm defining all of these different tags

  • And when I open this file up inside of my web browser

  • The web browser is able to look through all of these tags and figure out

  • information about the page

  • so the web browser can actually like parse through all of these different tags and it can figure out how to

  • Display all of the information so you can define

  • information and you can use tags to

  • help define that information and layout that information differently and the web browser will be able to parse through all of that and basically

  • Decipher it and use it to build a website. So it's really cool

  • Now one thing I want to point out is the way that I'm formatting everything

  • so you'll notice here that I have these HTML tags and

  • Inside of these HTML tags. I have this head tag, and I have this body tag

  • So I want to point out the relationship between all of these tags

  • And I'm also going to introduce you guys to some terminology

  • The first thing you want to notice is that I'm indenting the head tag

  • And I'm indenting the body tag so you can see there's like a couple of spaces here

  • this is basically just a tab and

  • Generally when you're writing HTML

  • You want to indent all of your files? And so the rules for indenting are basically like we have this container, right?

  • So I have this HTML tag and this HTML tag and inside of here. We have the head in the body

  • So any tags that are inside other tags you want to indent and so it's just like this

  • Right this head tag is inside of this HTML tag, so I'm indenting it same thing with the body

  • I'm indenting it and that will basically

  • visually help you to decipher the relationships between the tags and we can actually define the

  • relationships with these tags and one of the most common ways to do that is with like

  • family terminology

  • So we would refer to this HTML tag up here as the parent of this head tag

  • And this body tag, so the body tag is the child of the HTML tag because it's inside of it

  • So if you ever talking to like HTML developers a lot of times, they'll you that terminology

  • they'll say like oh the head tag is the child of the HTML tag so I could ask you like

  • What's the parent of this body tag and the answer would be the HTML tag because the body tag is?

  • Inside of the HTML tag we would also define the head tag and the body tag as siblings

  • So these would be sibling tags because they share the same parent and so you can kind of understand that relationship

  • so if I was to create a series of tags inside of here another tag

  • We can make is like a paragraph. Actually, you would want to put it in the head. We want to put it in the body

  • So I could create a paragraph tag and don't worry too much about what paragraph tags are we're gonna get into that. But this

  • Paragraph tag would be the grandchild of this HTML tag

  • And it would be the child of this body tag

  • So that's kind of like some terminology that you're gonna hear a lot, you know, generally we're defining these

  • HTML tags in terms of like generational syntax, so parent child grandparent you get the point

  • So now that we have this basic HTML skeleton laid out. We essentially have everything that we need for

  • This website and so I can refresh

  • Or I can save this page and I'm actually gonna head over here into my browser

  • And now when we refresh this page, you'll see that nothing happens. So this is a completely blank

  • HTML document it's like the simplest HTML document that we could ever write

  • So I'm gonna show you one more tag that you can use and this is called the title tag

  • So up here in the head of the document. I'm going to create another tag called title and

  • this tag

  • We're gonna put some information in here. So generally when you have HTML tags certain tags are meant as containers

  • So for example, this HTML set of tags is a container

  • It's basically used to hold other tags, but certain tags are used to hold content

  • So this title tag is used to hold text and so inside of these title tags

  • We want to put text and this is going to be the title of my website so I could say like Mike's

  • Website and this is gonna now be the official title of our website and you'll notice that if I come over my web browser

  • Look up here at this tab. You can see the title up here is currently

  • Index.html. That's the name of the file. But when I refresh this file, you'll see that it updates to Mike's website

  • so this is a good example of the browser is able to parse through our website and it's able to read these title tags and

  • figure out what the title of our website is

  • So these are the kind of tags that you can put inside of your head or like title tags

  • You know tags that are defining information about the HTML document

  • And so down here in the body tag, I could put any content that I want to have inside of my web page

  • so I can put like

  • Hello world

  • Down here. And now when I refresh the page, it'll show up in my web browser

  • So that's how you want to go writing out content on your website

  • Any of the content is gonna go inside of these body tags and throughout the rest of this course

  • We're gonna get into all the cool tags that you can put inside this body tag, seriously

  • There's so many of these awesome tags in HTML and there's so many tags that can help us to do awesome things

  • Inside of our web browser. So I hope you stick around and we'll learn how to put stuff inside the body

  • In this tutorial I want to talk to you about using some basic HTML tags

  • So we're gonna look at some of the most

  • Common HTML tags that you're going to be using in your website and we'll use them to define a pretty good looking site

  • So by the end of this video you'll have a good idea of how to layout a bunch of content inside of HTML

  • And display it on your browser

  • the first tag that I want to show you is a tag that

  • actually is going to go up here in the head of our document and I'm gonna put it right here above the title and

  • Right now I just have a basic skeleton of an HTML file

  • It's sort of like the simplest version of an HTML file

  • and one thing that I want to do is define something called a meta tag and a meta tag is basically a

  • Tag that defines information about our file

  • So it's giving us metadata so I can use this less than sign and I'm gonna define this meta tag

  • And I'm basically just gonna use this to define the character encoding for my webpage

  • so this is basically just telling the web browser what types of characters I'm using inside of this document so I can say

  • Char set is equal to and then inside of these quotation marks. I'm just gonna say

  • UTF

  • - 8 and this will define the character set for my document as utf-8

  • Which is like a really common character set. It's the character set that I'm using

  • So like I said, this is a meta tag, and it's used to define information about our file

  • I'm gonna define one more meta tag, and this is gonna be a meta description tag

  • and so we can use this tag to basically give a

  • Description for our website and this tag can be used by things like web browsers. So for example, Google

  • Could go into our file look at this meta tag, and it can use it to display information on its search pages

  • So generally when you search for something on Google a lot of times

  • they'll be like a little description of it and they're using this tag from the file so I can say

  • meta and I'm gonna say name is equal to

  • description and now I'm gonna say

  • Content is

  • Equal to and now I can type the description for my website so I could say like this is an awesome

  • Website and now we have this description which is just like this is an awesome website and I'm gonna go ahead and end this tag

  • So I want to show you guys

  • one concept or you know, one thing in HTML, which is

  • HTML attributes now we have these HTML tags. So this is a meta tag right here

  • This is a meta tag, but inside of these tags, we have things called attributes. Sometimes people call them attributes

  • Sometimes people call them properties. Basically, we're passing this tag some information

  • So I have my meta tag, and I'm giving this tag some custom information

  • So inside of this meta tag, I'm telling it what type of information I wanted to find

  • So I'm telling it that I want to define a description and I'm telling it what that description should be

  • So a lot of times in these HTML tags, you can pass them

  • attributes or properties

  • And those tags will be able to use those attributes and properties to do their job

  • So this meta tags job is to define metadata about the file and when we pass it these attributes or properties

  • We're giving it the information that it needs to define that metadata

  • So a lot of times inside of our HTML tags

  • We're gonna have different attributes and we're gonna have to give those tags different information

  • So just keep that in mind and these meta tags kind of do a good job of showing that because they take you like this

  • one takes two attributes

  • So those are two tags that we can define up here in the head of our document now

  • Let's move down into the body of our document and we'll start having some fun

  • So the body of the document is where we can put all of like the actual

  • content for our website

  • so all this stuff that you see on the website is generally gonna go here inside the body now the first tag

  • I want to show you guys is

  • Basically a tag that we can use to define a header or like a title on our website so over here I have this

  • Hello world, but I'm just gonna get rid of that because I don't really like it

  • Imagine that I want to give my website a headache, right?

  • So I wanted to define like the heading for my website well over here

  • I can use something called a heading tag

  • And the way that we write this heading tag is with lesson sign and I'm gonna use this H and then after H

  • I'm gonna give this a number so I can give this a number either 1 through 6 so I can give it a 2

  • 3 4 5 or a 6 and this will basically

  • Spit out a header for our website. So header 1 let's just say that this is gonna be Mike's

  • Website and

  • I'm gonna use this ending tag right here. So this is an example of the tag

  • That's gonna take some text input inside of it. And now when I go over here and I refresh my page

  • You'll notice that Mike's website shows up and it's nice and big right?

  • So I have this nice big header on my website and it's you know

  • The text is really big and it looks really good

  • And in addition to defining an h1, I could also make this an h2

  • And so now when I make this an h2, it's gonna be a little bit smaller

  • So you see that it shrunk a little bit and I can make this an h4, and it's gonna shrink even more

  • and

  • I can go all the way down to an h6

  • Which is the smallest size of header that hTML is gonna allow us to define and that's gonna be a pretty small header

  • So anytime you want to sort of like announce something or you want a like title?

  • maybe like a

  • section of a document you can use these headers and the headers will look a little bit bigger and bolder than just normal text would

  • So in addition to having a header, maybe we'll leave this as an h2. I

  • can also define just regular textual information so I can define like a paragraph on my website and

  • If you're writing like an article or a web page a lot of times you're gonna want to use a paragraph, right?

  • You're gonna want to have some text on your website

  • so I can make what's called a paragraph tag and a paragraph tag is just gonna be

  • P and then we're also going to need an ending tag

  • and now any text that I write in here is gonna go inside of its own paragraph so I could write like this is my

  • paragraph and

  • Now when I refresh my page

  • You'll see that this showed up in its own paragraph. And what's cool about paragraphs is that they'll

  • Automatically sort of format themselves so I could actually make another paragraph right below this

  • So we could say this is another

  • paragraph and this paragraph will automatically space itself out and it'll be

  • Below this other paragraph. Okay, so

  • we have this paragraph and then we have this paragraph and they're kind of just like lined up like that and you can put as

  • Much text as you want inside these paragraphs and generally whenever you're writing out like a block of text you're gonna want to use this

  • paragraph tag

  • Now we can also style some of the elements inside of this paragraph

  • So let's say that I wanted this word here paragraph to be bolded

  • Well, I can use another special HTML tag, which is the bold tag

  • and this will make this word bow so I can do less than sign and the bold tag is just a B and then

  • You want to end it over here?

  • So inside of these open and closed bold tags

  • We can put any of the text inside of a paragraph or inside of another place in our website

  • That we want to be bold. So now when I refresh this page, you'll see that paragraph is bold

  • I can also use another tag

  • so instead of making it bold we can make it italicize so I could use an eye right here instead of a B and

  • now instead of being bold this text is gonna be italicized and you can actually embed

  • these tags inside one another so I could use the bold tags and the italics tags so over here, I'll take this bold tag and

  • I'll take this other ending bold tag and inside of the bold tags

  • I'm gonna put the italics tags and then I'm gonna put the paragraph and

  • Now we'll have a bold italics

  • Paragraph just like that. So it's just

  • Italicizing one of the words and building with a word at the same time

  • So that's a really great way for you to you know

  • You could italicize certain words or you can bold certain words and it really makes it easy just by using those tags

  • Another thing that we can do is we can control the layout of the document

  • So one of the things with HTML is that it lays out our web pages

  • In a very specific way and I want to kind of show you how that happens

  • so when HTML lays out our web page, it basically takes the layout that we define here inside the body and

  • Displays it over here on the web page

  • So the order that we have the elements here in the document is the order that they're gonna show up on the browser

  • So if I was to cut out this paragraph and paste it up here above the header now my documents

  • Layout and structure will reflect that

  • So now the paragraph is gonna be above the website the website header and then this other paragraphs gonna be below it

  • so the way that you order these

  • Tags inside of HTML is the way that they're gonna show up on the website. And the other thing is HTML doesn't necessarily care about

  • The way that we format this file

  • So in other words HTML doesn't care about the whitespace in other words if I made two

  • Extra lines here. You might think okay

  • Now there's going to be two extra lines between the paragraph and the title, right because there's all this space inside of here

  • But that's actually not the case

  • When I refresh the page nothing happens

  • HTML lays itself out and orders itself out using these tags and so it doesn't care about any of this

  • Whitespace that's inside of our files. It really just cares about what's inside these tags

  • So imagine that we wanted to create some whitespace, right? And I'm just gonna put this header back up here

  • so it's a little bit easier to read I

  • Could actually create a new line so let's say here inside of this after this header - I wanted to make a new line

  • I can use another HTML tag which is called a break and the break tag will basically create a new line in our HTML document

  • so I can just do a lesson sign of BR and then we're gonna do a forward slash and

  • we're gonna do a greater than sign and you'll see now when I refresh this page, there should be a space between

  • The title and between this first paragraph so you can see that we have this space here and you can use as many of these

  • Great tags as you want I can make two of them and now it's gonna be even further down

  • So these break tags can be really good to kind of break things up

  • another tag that I can use is called the horizontal rule tab and the horizontal rule tab will basically give us a

  • Straight line right across the website that's going to help us to separate some of our content

  • So I can make that tag

  • I can say HR and then I'm gonna do a forward slash and

  • I'm gonna do a greater than sign and so you'll notice that this HR tag was a lot like that

  • Br tag that we used before and this is another special type of HTML tag

  • So this is a tag that's called a single tag, right so over here in this header two. We have one tag

  • And then we have this other ending tag, but sometimes they'll be tags

  • For example like this horizontal rule tab where you don't really need two tags

  • Like there's nothing that needs to go inside of them. And so it's just gonna be a single tag and a lot of times

  • With these single tags, you will format them this way

  • so you'll write out the name and then we'll use this ending sign and then you use this greater than sign and

  • Actually in certain cases you can actually just get rid of this forward slash but we're gonna keep it in because it's like technically correct

  • HTML so now you'll see that instead of a break here

  • we're gonna have a horizontal line and this horizontal line is basically just something we could use to break up our

  • Content right you could put you could even put like another one in here and it might style it grace

  • You could have like a double line there whatever and the horizontal rule will go all the way across the page

  • There's also a couple other tags that we can use to control the size of our text. So down here in this paragraph

  • Let's say that we wanted to make one of these words bigger. For example, let's say we wanted to make this bigger right here

  • we can use two tags called big and small and they'll actually make our

  • Text a little bit bigger or smaller. So I

  • can do the big tag here and

  • I'll do the ending tag

  • So this works just like all those other tags where anything that goes inside of this big tag is actually gonna get bigger

  • So now watch this this right here

  • When I refresh my page

  • It's actually gonna get a little bit a little bit bigger and you can see that it did and so I could do the same

  • Thing with this is tag down here. Let's make this bigger as well just to really illustrate this

  • and now when I refresh this page

  • The is tag is also gonna get bigger. So it doesn't get that much bigger, but you can use this to kind of

  • Control how the text looks like. Maybe you want some text to be a little bit bigger or smaller

  • I can do the same thing. But with small tags so here on this my word

  • I'm gonna give this a small tag. So we'll say small and then again, we're gonna end it

  • and

  • Now watch the my right here. This is gonna get smaller. So

  • You can see that it shrunk a little bit

  • so using those big and those small tags can help us to control the size of the text on our website we can also use

  • other tags called subscripts and superscripts

  • So this can be used to format like subscripts and superscripts, especially if you're doing something like math

  • You're gonna want to use something like this. So I'm gonna go over here into this paragraph and

  • we'll create a subscript and a superscript so imagine that I wanted to like type out the

  • chemical formula for water right we could say

  • h2o

  • But this too should actually be a subscript, right

  • it should be like a small little too right down below H so I can use this sub tag and

  • I can surround this too with the sub tag and

  • Now this is gonna be like a little bit smaller. So you'll see here we have h2o

  • So it's formatted correctly. I could also do the same thing with a superscript so

  • Another good example would be like math so I could say like maybe we want to write out 10

  • Squared so like 10 ^ - I can use this superscript

  • Tag and this will make this a superscript

  • So now we have 10 squared

  • So these are all like little HTML tags that you can basically just use to

  • Format the text on your website and when HTML was first written you have to understand that websites were just all textual

  • so nowadays, we have like a bunch of images and videos and all these different things on our web pages, but you know

  • Generally HTML was just used to write out text and there were some images and some other stuff

  • But there's a lot of HTML tags that just deal with

  • formatting your

  • So these are all

  • Tags that can come in handy

  • And you can definitely use them to format text inside of your paragraphs or you can use any of these

  • Tags inside of other elements. So I

  • Don't want you to think you can know that you can only use these tags inside of like a paragraph you can use these tags

  • Anywhere that there's text on your website so we could use these up here in the header or you could use them in any other

  • HTML tag that you want so those are there's some basic tags

  • Obviously there's a bunch of these tags that we can learn and we're gonna get into more of them

  • But what you want to do is really get a handle for the basics

  • And so this is really like the basics of HTML things like headers horizontal rules breaks paragraphs

  • Get a handle for the basics

  • and practice like fleshing out different websites using only these things and then when you move on to more complex

  • HTML you'll be better off for it because you know the fundamentals

  • In this tutorial I want to talk to you about comments in HTML

  • Now comments are basically little pieces of text that you can write inside of your HTML

  • Which will be ignored by the browser and generally the purpose of comments is for either yourself to read or for other

  • Developers to read so you can write an HTML comment inside of your HTML code and it'll be completely ignored by the web browser

  • But if for example you come back to your code later

  • you might leave yourself a little reminder or you could explain what a little block of code is doing or

  • If you give your file to another developer, you can use comments to give them little notes now

  • I'm gonna show you how you can use comments inside of HTML and then we're also going to talk about the comments best practice

  • so like how can you use comments the best way in HTML the way that you can create a comment is by

  • using a very particular syntax and so I can create a comment by using a less than sign an

  • exclamation point and then two hyphens

  • and so now you can see here in my text editor that the

  • when I put this second - in here like the look of the comment actually changed and

  • That's because now we're in a comment and so any text that I type is gonna be grayed out

  • So this text looks different from the text out here and basically that's just to indicate that okay

  • We have now an HTML comment

  • One of the things I want to point out is that when I created this comment all the code below it

  • Turned also into this little comment. So now what I'm doing is I'm creating an opening tag for a comment

  • so a comment is gonna go inside of these opening and closing tags and I can close off this comment tag by using a

  • Hyphen, - and a greater than sign

  • So now anything inside of these tags is gonna be a comment and I can run these comments down across multiple lines

  • So I can create comments

  • you know that span a couple different lines in our text and like I said comments are basically just

  • special pieces of text that aren't gonna get rendered by the browser so

  • Generally, the browser's not just gonna not gonna look at them. They're just kind of kind of ignore them and

  • In here, you can just put little so I could say like to do like I need to work on this or I could say

  • You know don't display this, you know, really any comment that you want to put I mean

  • It really doesn't matter but comments can definitely be useful and you're gonna want to know how to use comments

  • You can also use comments to comment out

  • Specific pieces of code. So let's say for example that I didn't want this

  • H2 in this horizontal rule to show up

  • so that's like this header over here my website I could take this and surround it with comments and now this

  • basically just won't show up on my website and

  • You can see because the browser is ignoring it

  • So a lot of times people who write HTML in addition to using comments to like write little notes

  • They'll also just use comments to kind of comment out little pieces of code

  • So it's kind of useful, right?

  • Because none of this code is gonna get rendered by the browser now

  • so if I wanted to maybe try a different piece of code or you know

  • Try something else

  • I can comment this code out and it's still gonna be there inside of the HTML file

  • But it's not gonna get used by the browser

  • and another thing a lot of people will do is they'll put like the reason why they comment about so you can just say like

  • redoing this or something and then you know that would mean like you're

  • Rewriting whatever is in here and you just want to have a backup inside the comment. So that's the basics of comments

  • They're really simple, but they're also really powerful now

  • One word of I guess kind of warning and this is sort of like me just talking like with my personal opinion

  • I think when you're using comments, you need to use them sparingly

  • I think some people have a bad habit of just writing out like all of these, you know

  • Really long comments explaining things and doing things, you know personally

  • I think the purpose of a comment is is to explain something that can't be explained with code

  • So just sometimes people will write like a bunch of messy code

  • So they'll write out a bunch of messy

  • HTML and then it'll just write a comment above it being like oh it does this like oh, this is the header

  • Meanwhile, the code is like, you know a complete disaster. It's really messy

  • I'm a big believer in letting the HTML speak for itself

  • And I think it's a decent philosophy to adopt

  • You know when you let the HTML speak for itself

  • You make sure that you write clean and readable

  • HTML and that way when somebody goes to view your HTML document they don't even need any

  • Comments to explain anything because it's all clear

  • You know what?

  • You don't want to be as the guy who writes a bunch of messy code writes a comment telling what it does

  • Because it doesn't help anyone out

  • Right. Sure

  • The comments telling me what this line of code is doing but it doesn't help me if I need to go in there or modify

  • It so before you use a comment try to explain what you're doing

  • using your HTML comments are used for things that can't be explained with the HTML and they can also be used like I said to

  • Comment out lines of code and you know put things on hold for a second hide them from the browser, you know

  • Really? This is all just kind of my opinion and me kind of riffing about comments, but use comments, however you want and

  • Be sure to add them into your HTML files to increase your productivity

  • In this tutorial I want to talk to you about styles and colors

  • one of the cool things you can do in HTML is you can actually style the individual elements and when you style

  • HTML elements you can use something called a style attribute and you can actually

  • Give each of these HTML elements certain styling information

  • Now when we're talking about styling HTML

  • There's an entire other subject that you can get into which is called CSS and that stands for cascading

  • Style sheet. So in this lesson

  • I just want to kind of give you an introduction into how you can use basic CSS to style

  • Some of these HTML elements now

  • This isn't a meant to be a full course on CSS

  • And in fact, this draft Academy course is really only meant to be used for HTML

  • We have another course that talks solely about CSS, but just know for now. I want to introduce you to the topic of

  • styling some of your HTML

  • You can see over here. I have this header up here

  • And then I have this paragraph here in my file and I can actually give these two color attributes

  • I can color the text and I can actually give them a background color as well

  • So in this lesson, I'm going to show you how you can start adding some basic colors onto the elements for your HTML

  • But again, keep in mind that this isn't meant to be like a full course on CSS

  • This isn't meant to be a full course on styling. I just want to give you guys an introduction

  • So in here in this paragraph I can pass this paragraph in attribute

  • So in HTML in addition to just defining the tag, you can also give the HTML tag certain information

  • These are called like attributes or properties or some people call them parameters

  • I'm gonna give this something called

  • Style, so I type out style is equal to and now inside of these quotation marks

  • I can type out some different style attributes that I want to give to this element

  • One of them is color and color is going to control the color of the text for this paragraph

  • I can do a colon and now I can basically just type out any color that I want

  • So let's use blue because that's one of my favorite colors

  • So now when I refresh this page, you'll notice that this paragraph over here has turned blue

  • And so instead of just being that boring black color now, it's blue we could also change it to red

  • and

  • Now it will be red so you can use a bunch of these different colors and you can change the color of the text

  • I could also change something called background color

  • so in addition to changing the color to red, let's change the background color to

  • Maybe blue so now I can type out

  • background

  • - color and I can pass in another color. So let's make this blue

  • And so now this paragraph will have its text colored as red and it'll have its background colored as blue

  • Just like that. And so you can use these different color combinations to control the background of the text and

  • the color of the text and you can also use these attributes and other elements so

  • For example, I could use this same thing inside of this header right here. I could say

  • Style, I remember this is just a an attribute that we're passing in I can say color and now we'll make this green

  • So I can make this thing green and I can also use these stylings on these container tags

  • So up here. We have this body tag

  • I could give this a style as well so I can say style and why don't we give this a background color?

  • so I'm gonna give this a background color of

  • Light blue, so I'll say background

  • color

  • light blue and

  • Now what you'll see is the entire body. So the entire body of our HTML

  • So all this stuff is gonna turn blue and that's exactly what happens so you can use this

  • Background color inside of this body tag to control the background of the website

  • And what you'll notice is even though we made the background of the body

  • light blue

  • Since we made the background of this paragraph blue as well

  • It's overriding the styling that we from the body

  • so that's how you can use this style attribute in order to give your

  • HTML elements some basic style and if you want to learn more about styling your elements

  • JAF Academy has a full course talking about CSS where we get into all of this stuff styling your HTML doing all that

  • But for now if you're just trying to learn HTML and I would definitely recommend learning HTML first

  • Just know that you can use these basic coloring styles to change the look in the field of your website

  • Now I want to show you a website where you can go to to find all of the colors that you can use. So

  • this is a website called w3 schools and you can just kind of google search like w3 schools color list and

  • It'll give you a list of all these CSS colors. So again, don't worry too much about CSS

  • Just know that you can use these inside of those style tags

  • So this is just a full list of like the name of the color and if you don't want to pass in the name

  • So like I could say like aqua inside one of those style tags and it would color the text of the background aqua

  • You can also just put these hex tags in there

  • So you could copy this guy and put it in place of the color name and it's still gonna work

  • So that's just some basics on

  • Using color and styling in HTML again. If you're just trying to learn HTML, don't worry too much about

  • styling, but I just wanted to show you guys like the basics of styling an element just so you can kind of like get your

  • teeth wet and start working with

  • styling inside of your HTML

  • In this tutorial I want to talk to you about using various HTML tags to layout the

  • structure of your website

  • Now we've looked at some of these basic HTML tags things like body and this HTML tag

  • We also looked at things like headers and paragraphs all these very basic HTML

  • Tags in this tutorial. I want to talk to you about tags that we can use to format the content on our page

  • so these tags are gonna help us to lay out the different content on our website into different sections and

  • Really when we're writing HTML you want to make sure that you're using the right?

  • tags to layout your page one of the most common mistakes that new

  • Developers to HTML make is that they don't use the correct tags and they don't use all of the HTML tags that they have

  • Available to them to layout their pages

  • A lot of times people won't use the right tags

  • Or they won't lay out their pages as well as they could because maybe they don't know about certain HTML tags

  • Or they just don't feel like taking the time to use them

  • But in this tutorial, I want to show you all the tags that you should be using to layout your web pages

  • so

  • The first thing I want to show you is how you can start laying out some of the code inside of your body

  • Now most web pages are gonna have three

  • distinct sections

  • normally, there's a header and the header is like up at the top and generally the header is an element that's on every page of

  • Your website so this could be like a navigation menu

  • Maybe it has some branding information

  • So it has like the name of the website and maybe a logo and you'd have links to like other parts of your websites

  • I mean you guys have seen a website before you kind of know what a header of a website is supposed to look like

  • The next section is the main section. So this is like the meat and the bones of the website, right?

  • This is where all the content is going to go

  • So maybe you have would have like an article you might have different sections of an article some images. Whatever

  • It's like the main

  • section of the website and the third section is the footer and most websites are gonna have a footer right if you scroll all the

  • Way down to the bottom. There's some additional navigational links again. Maybe some branding information

  • May be links to like some social media pages most websites though are gonna implement basic three

  • Section structure the header the main and the footer and HTML has tags that we can use to

  • Define all of those sections so here inside my body

  • I'm gonna start by defining the header and I can just make a

  • Header tag just like this and we'll make two of them

  • and so now any of the code that we want to put in the header of our website is gonna go up in here and

  • Now over here, I'm gonna make a mane and so we have these other tags mane

  • And what you want to do is put all the main content of your website inside of here

  • And finally, we can have the last one which is the footer tag

  • so footer and again

  • I'm just gonna close this off footer so we have this basic three tag layout

  • We have the header. We have the main and we have the footer and these are all sibling elements

  • So they're all they all have the same parent element

  • Which is this body tag and a good practice whenever you're using HTML is to separate the code for these specific area

  • So you want to put all the code for the header of your website?

  • Inside the header tags for the main inside the main tags in the footer inside the footer tags

  • Inside of these different tags we can also define

  • Certain things so imagine that inside of my header tag. I had a

  • navigation menu right a lot of times in a header of a website they'll be

  • Navigation links, so it'll be like here's the home page

  • Then the about page Contact Us page, whatever we would want to put any of those

  • Navigational elements inside of something called a nav tag and this nav tag is used to store navigational elements

  • So if you had like, you know a list of different links inside your website

  • Then you could put them here inside of these nav tag now

  • Obviously the point of this video isn't to show you like how to build a navigation tag or a navigation list

  • I just want to show you what you would need to use for a structure

  • So I'm showing you like how to structure this information. So any

  • navigational items like maybe navigational lists or navigational links are gonna go inside of

  • Have tags and that's a special tag inside of HTML. There's also some other tags that we could use inside of this main

  • So imagine that I had like a blog website and on my blog website. I had a bunch of blog posts

  • Well, one thing I could do would be to use what's called an article tag

  • So I can make an article tag and then inside of those article tags

  • I could write my blog post so I can make a tag called article and

  • Down here. We're just gonna close this and

  • So inside of these article tags, you could put all the text for your article and then the browser would know like, okay

  • There's gonna be an article inside of here. We can also use another tag, which is called a section

  • so

  • generally

  • if you're writing a blog you might have like

  • Different sections on your website and so we can use this section tag to break up our article or really any part of your website

  • into different sections

  • So once again, the section tags don't have to be used with the article tag

  • but they just happen to go together really well and that's on purpose so I could say section and

  • We can close this off and then any of the code for like the first section of your blog post could go in here and

  • Maybe I'll have another section

  • And again, we can just close this off so you can make as many of these section containers as you want

  • You can put all of the content for this section of your website

  • And usually whenever you have a different section, you'd want to include a header for the section so you can clewd

  • Like an h1 or h2 or h3, whatever

  • Header that you'd want to have now

  • I also want to talk to you guys about using headers inside of your HTML

  • documents and this isn't something that is required to do but

  • Generally if you're laying out an HTML page or an HTML article

  • You want to be careful with how you're using your headers?

  • So generally on a web page you want to have one header one and that header one will be like the main

  • Title for the website and then below that header one you would have header twos which is define the different sections of your website

  • So you might have this

  • Top header one and then you'd have header twos and then you have another header two down here and then if you wanted another header

  • Side one of those sections you would use a header three

  • So a lot of times people will recommend using headers in like a hierarchy fashion

  • So you'd want to have like a header 1 and then header 2?

  • header 2 and

  • Then inside of here like another header 3

  • So you'd want to define the headers of your website in this kind of like hierarchy fashion

  • And that's not required like it's not going to change the performance of your website if you don't do that

  • But that's sort of like a best

  • Practice that a lot of people a lot of developers are going to use when they're designing their websites

  • And since we're talking about laying out like the structure of the website

  • I think that's good information to take the heart another tag that we can use to help lay out

  • Our websites is called in a side tag and then a side tag is basically a tag that you can use for any content

  • That's not directly

  • Related to like the main content on the page

  • And a good example of a scenario where you'd want to use in a side tag might be like an advertisement

  • So a lot of websites will have advertisements like you might be using Google Adsense or you know

  • Whatever like if you have an advertisement on your website, you could use and a side tag to define that and the aside tag

  • Basically would just mean like this content is on the page and it's getting shown to the users

  • But it's not directly related to like the core content of our website

  • so those are just a bunch of different tags that you can use to help layout your website and I would

  • Definitely consider using the tags when you're building the basic structure of your website

  • one thing that a lot of people end up doing is they'll just sort of use like

  • general container tags to lay out their website

  • so they won't use the

  • specific HTML tags that HTML has defined for them to lay out their website and one of the advantages of

  • using these tags of you know

  • specifying like this is the section of my website and this is another section of my website because you might say like

  • Why do I have to define all those sections and honestly?

  • like using tags

  • like this isn't necessarily gonna change the look and the feel of your website like

  • you could create a header a main and a footer for your website without using the header the

  • Or the footer tags, the purpose of those tags is one to act for organizations

  • So if you are writing an HTML file one of your goal should be to make the file as readable as possible

  • So when you write the file you want it to be able to be read by

  • either yourself later on or other developers and when you use these

  • HTML tags these structure tags

  • It makes it a lot easier to tell what's going on

  • Right so I can look at your HTML and I can tell like okay. Here's the header. Oh, here's the main

  • So this is where like all of the core content is. Okay. Here's the article and I need to go to the second section

  • Here's the second section. It just makes it easier to

  • Read the file and it just makes the organization more organized and again these tags

  • These structural tags aren't necessarily going to change the look or the feel of the website, but they're extremely useful another reason

  • they're useful is for search engine optimization and search engine optimization is

  • Basically, just how your website is viewed by

  • Search engines. So a lot of well, there's actually more to it than that

  • But that's sort of like the basic idea is like if your site has good search engine optimization

  • Then it'll be really easy for search engines like Google

  • To be able to go read through your site and figure out what it's about and when you use these very specific

  • HTML tags

  • It makes it a lot easier for something like Google to go into your website and figure out the structure of your website and figure

  • Out where all of the content of your website is when you use these HTML tags

  • Something like Google could easily go into your file and figure out like where the article is and it can figure out the different

  • sections of your website and you can figure out like

  • How your website is laid out and then it can use that information to display your website better

  • A lot of people underestimate the power of these HTML tags

  • And so I want to kind of instill in you guys who are watching this video the power that these tags can have you?

  • Definitely want to use things like this to layout your websites

  • Don't listen to people who tell you that they're not important because they definitely are important

  • That's the reason that they're included in HTML hTML is a no-nonsense language. There's not a whole lot of fluff in there

  • So when HTML define something, you know that it's important

  • anyway

  • I would always recommend laying out your files

  • something like this you

  • These different tags if you don't want to you don't want to but I think it takes a little extra time

  • But it can really increase the readability and also the possibility of your file by like search engine

  • In this tutorial I want to talk to you about using links in

  • HTML a link is one of the most popular HTML elements and it's used to

  • link your website to other websites on the internet so I could create a link that would bring my users to like google.com or

  • Facebook.com or I could link to other pages on my website

  • So if I wanted to build like a navigational list

  • I could have links to the other pages of my website that users could click and then they go to those pages you can also

  • Link to files things like images or PDFs and you can create those links and then users can look at those images or PDFs

  • So I'm gonna show you how to create a link. We need to use a special HTML tag called a and

  • After a we need to pass this tag some information

  • We need to give it something called an H ref and the href is basically just where we want to link to

  • so the easiest way to create a link would be to create like an external link, so

  • Linking to a page that's not on our website. Imagine. We wanted to create a link that would go to like google.com

  • inside of this href I can just type the address to google.com so I can say

  • HTTP colon forward slash forward slash and you need to make sure that you include this like

  • HTTP or

  • HTTPS part a lot of times when you will give someone a link like you won't include this it would just be like

  • ww-whatever

  • But when you're creating an href and you're creating a link, you need to be very specific about where you want to go

  • So you're going to need to include this part and then I can just type

  • Wwm so what we've effectively done is told this link attribute that we want it to link to this address

  • which is Google and now I'll close this and I can actually

  • close off this entire tag so we can just make this closing a tag and now inside of here I can put any

  • Text for this link so we could say for example

  • Google's homepage now. I also just want to point out that inside of these link tags

  • You can put more than just text so you don't have to just put text you could actually put other

  • HTML elements so I could put like a header in here. For example

  • so why don't we do that will make this a header one and

  • Now when I refresh my page, you'll see that we have this big old link over here

  • it's this big header one and when we click on it, it will link us to

  • google.com so I'm gonna click this and you'll see that we get transported over to

  • Google's homepage, right? So we're over here on Google

  • so that's how you can create a link and basically you can just go to any website that you want come up here to the

  • URL bar copy the URL

  • Including this like HTTP or HTTPS part throw it into the href of your link and you'll be able to link there

  • There's one other thing that we can do though

  • One thing I want you to notice is when I click this link it navigates me away from the website

  • So I click this and all of a sudden we're on Google in certain cases, though

  • You're not gonna want users to navigate away from your website when they click a link right in certain cases

  • You might want this to open up for example in a new tab and the way that you can do that is by giving

  • this a

  • tag another attribute so we can say

  • We want to say target is equal to and now inside of these quotation marks

  • We want to say underscore the link. Ok

  • So when you pass in this underscore blank value to this target attribute

  • This is gonna basically tell the browser to open up this link in a new tab

  • So now when we open up Google it's going to open up here in a new tab and we still have our website open

  • So that's one thing that you can do to make this better

  • And so again inside of this link I can put any HTML elements that I want so I could put like an h1

  • Maybe we wanted to like make this homepage bold. We could put a bold tag in here and

  • You can really like get creative and like style these different links different ways

  • you want to so don't be afraid to put

  • HTML elements inside of these a tags because it's definitely something that you're gonna want to do

  • Another thing that we can do is we can link to other pages on our website

  • So I'm gonna get rid of the text for that link

  • I'm also going to get rid of this target blank

  • And if you look over here in my file explorer my little file tree, you can see that in addition to this index.html

  • File which is the file that we're using right now

  • I also have this page - dot HTML and this page three dot HTML and these are both just like other

  • Web pages that are on my website. So any given website is gonna have a number of web pages

  • you might have like an about page a

  • Contact me page if it's a blog you might have a bunch of like blog articles

  • You get the point a lot of times you're gonna have more than one HTML file for your website

  • And we can actually link between those files and you can use this link attribute to do that

  • So in here in this href instead of linking to Google using this like absolute address I can link to those pages on my website

  • using a relative URL

  • So if I wanted to access this page - for example, let's say that I wanted to link to page two

  • Because the page that I'm currently on and page two are in the same directory

  • I can just type out page twos name so down here I can just say like

  • Page two dot HTML and the browser will automatically know that we want to go here to page two

  • so over here I can just tell you page two and

  • Now in the browser you'll see that we have a link to page two

  • So when I click this it'll bring me over here to page two and you'll notice that inside of page two

  • I've already set up a link inside of here. So here in page two

  • I have another link which is just linking me back to index dot HTML and this is a way that we can create

  • navigation on our site

  • So now I'm over here in page two and I can navigate back to the home page so I can navigate between these two pages

  • on my website I

  • Can also create another link to page 3 so let's do that right here below this page two

  • will make another link this time to page three and

  • One thing you want to notice is that page three is inside of this directory

  • So page three is inside of a folder called dyrone if I want a link to page three

  • I can't just say page three dot HTML

  • Because the browser's not going to know

  • Where this page three is supposed to be we have to tell it exactly where it is

  • relative to the current file that we're on so I can say

  • der one forward slash page three and what this is going to say is

  • We want to go to directory one and we want to link to a page inside of directory one called page three dot HTML

  • So now we should have a link to page three and you can see that showed up right here

  • I can click this and it'll bring us to page three

  • So that's a way that you can link to different pages on your website. You can also create links to files on your website

  • so in our case

  • we just have this little cat picture and this is just kind of like a cute cat and we could actually

  • Link to this picture of the cat on our website, so I'm going to go over here into my index file

  • and we can access this picture the same way that we've been accessing these HTML files so I can just say

  • Instead of dyrone the cat pictures at the same directory so I can just say cat and it's a jpg file so dot jpg

  • Having change this to cat

  • And now I should have a link to this cat picture

  • So I click this it'll bring me to this picture of the cat and I can look at the cat

  • So that's kind of how you can link to

  • external websites other pages on your website and files on your website

  • so in addition to a jpg

  • I could also link to like a PDF or a word document if I had it stored on my website

  • It doesn't matter and that's one of the basics of using links in HTML

  • In this tutorial I want to talk to you about using images on your website

  • One of the most common things people want to do when they have a website is put images up there

  • and so today I'm gonna show you the basics of working with images we can talk about

  • Resizing images and basically just placing them on our HTML pages

  • So I'm going to create an image tag down here and an image tag is basically just less than sign. I am G and

  • inside this image tag

  • we actually have to give it a couple pieces of information the first thing we want to give this image tag is the

  • location of the image that we want to show so when you have this image tag

  • You have to basically link it to an actual image

  • And then the HTML will be smart enough to go grab that image and then place it on our web site

  • So I can just say source SRC is equal to and then these quotation marks and inside of these quotation marks

  • We want to put the location of the image

  • Now one of the most basic ways to do this is to link to an image that's on the internet

  • So there's a lot of images on the Internet obviously and we can actually just put the address for an image inside of this source

  • Tag and it'll link us to that image so over here my browser

  • I just have some pictures of dinosaurs and there's a bunch of dinosaurs here

  • here's like a t-rex like really scary so I can just view this image and

  • You can see up here that this image has like an address associated to it, right?

  • So this image is like, you know, obviously it's like this crazy address, but I can copy the address to this image

  • And then I can just paste it onto

  • this source attribute so I can just paste that bad boy right in here and we got this awesome image and so

  • When we want to use an image in addition to specifying the source, I can also specify one more attribute

  • Which is called alt and the alt attribute is basically what's gonna show up if the image can't be found

  • so one of the problems that sometimes you'll run into when you're making your

  • HTML is that an image that you're linking to is like either?

  • Deleted or it's not there or it can't be loaded by the browser. So for example if this

  • The scary dinosaur ever like disappeared like if that person took it off of their website

  • Then it wouldn't show up anymore. And so we have this alt tag as like a backup

  • So whatever text you put inside this

  • alt tag

  • will show up if the image doesn't show up and also it's a good practice always to just have an alt tag and you want

  • to make this like maybe one sentence that's like pretty descriptive so I could just say like a really

  • scary

  • Dino, and now this is like describing the image and sort of like plain text

  • So always want to make sure you have an alt tag and when we have an image, it's just gonna be a single tag

  • So a lot of times an HTML will have like two tags like a starting tag in an ending tag

  • And we'll put some stuff inside of there not the case with an image

  • We can just do this forward slash and we can do a greater than sign and now the tag is gonna be done

  • So it's just a single image tag just like this and obviously it's a pretty long URL

  • Now what this should do is it should go out grab this image and display it on our website and that's exactly what happens

  • So this dino is actually like pretty big you can see

  • Super scary, but now we have this image on our website so we can link to this image

  • Another thing that we can do is link to images that are on our actual computer

  • So instead of linking to an image that's on the internet

  • I can just link to an image maybe that I have like

  • You know for myself

  • So I'm gonna get rid of this source here and I have this image on my little file tree over here

  • it's just this cute cat and

  • I can actually take this cat picture and insert it into my website just like I did with that picture from the internet

  • So inside the source, I'm just gonna link to the image of the cat. So we're just gonna be cat dot jpg and

  • now I'll change the alt so we can just change it from like a really scary dinosaur to really cute cat and

  • When I refresh my page, we'll have the cat picture

  • so one of the problems that you might be noticing with the dinosaur picture

  • and now with this cat picture is that

  • They're kind of big right like this is kind of like a big image and especially that dinosaur picture

  • That was huge took up like the entire Green

  • So one of the things you can do with images is resize them and we can give this image tag a couple more attributes

  • so in addition to defining the source and

  • defining the alt text we can also define a width and a height and the width and the height will control the size of the

  • Image so I can give this a whiff

  • You know

  • I could say actually it's gonna be equal to and

  • we can say maybe like a hundred and we can give it a height and

  • This will be a hundred right so when we kind of shrink it down a little bit and these like 100 what that means is

  • 100 pixels a

  • Pixel is a unit of measurement that we can use in HTML basically like defines

  • sizes and a pixel is kind of hard to explain like how big it is because it's not a

  • Standard unit in other words a pixel could be a different size

  • Depending on the resolution of the screen that you're looking at

  • So a hundred pixels, you know for the most part it's gonna be kind of the same distance on most web pages

  • But it's not like an absolute distance of measurement like a centimeter or an inch

  • so just keep that in mind so I can say a hundred pixel width and a hundred pixel height and

  • Now when I refresh my page the cat is a little bit smaller, right so we can see it a little bit better

  • But we have another problem which is that the cat looks

  • horrible, right

  • I mean it's kind of like smooshed in a little bit and

  • you'll notice if I get rid of this within the height that I'm actually

  • Changing the aspect ratio of the image. So now refresh this you see the image is actually like wider than it is tall. So

  • When you're defining a different width and a height for an image

  • You want to be sure to keep the same aspect ratio?

  • What you can do is you can figure out what the aspect ratio of your image is so over here in this cat

  • jpg

  • you can see down here that the aspect ratio for this image is 300 by 200 so it's like

  • 300 pixels by 200 pixels so it has like so it has a 300 by 200

  • You know aspect ratio or whatever and we can just keep that same aspect ratio

  • inside of our within our height, so put these back in so if it's

  • 300 by 200 we could make it

  • 100 by 66 and this should give us the

  • Correct, like aspect ratio, right? That's the same ratio as 300 to 200

  • So now when I resize the image, it looks great, right?

  • It's just it's a little bit smaller, but it's the same dimensions like it's the same aspect ratio. So

  • That's kind of how you can resize your images

  • You

  • And you can also use other things with images so I could combine this image with a link for example

  • so I could come over here and we can create a link tag and

  • we just say hey and we give this an href and

  • Inside here. I could put like whatever

  • Link that I wanted to for. So for example, I could link this to like this dinosaur picture

  • alright put the URL for the dinosaur in there and

  • We can close off this link and now when I click on the image

  • It will bring me to that picture of the dinosaur so you can make these images like clickable

  • You can really do a lot of stuff with these images and you can embed them inside of other

  • HTML tags so I could put like an image inside of other HTML tags, you know

  • you can put them anywhere you want and

  • images are super powerful and you're definitely gonna want to make sure that you use them on your website and you always want to make

  • Sure that you include this all attribute. This is really important

  • A lot of people get lazy and they don't put it in there, but it's really important

  • and for example

  • if I was to get rid of this cat jpg here and the source you'll see that now what it does is it just

  • Gives me that alt text so it's really important. Just so your website Conte stays together in the case. That an image link is broken

  • In this tutorial I want to talk to you about using videos on your website

  • so I'm gonna show you how you can take a video that you have saved on your computer and

  • Put it into your website and then I'm also gonna show you how you can include a YouTube video into your website

  • So let's start with a normal video over here

  • I have this

  • tutorial dot mp4 video and this is just like one of the

  • tutorials that I did for traffic Adam II and I want to include this on my website so I can actually use the

  • HTML video tag and it's just going to be video just like this and I'm going to give this an attribute called source

  • So it's gonna be SRC as equal to and then inside of these quotation marks

  • I want to type in the location of the video. So the relative path to the video from the current file in my case

  • it's just

  • tutorial dot P for and then I can close off this video tag and

  • We're actually gonna need an ending video tag as well

  • Now one thing you might want to do is put some text inside of these video tags

  • And this is text that's gonna show up if the users browser can't display like videos in a certain format

  • This is kind of rare like most browsers are gonna be able to display video

  • But just know that any text that you put in here will get displayed if the video fails for any reason

  • So if I go over here to my website

  • I can refresh the page and you'll notice that the video is gonna show up and it shows up

  • But the problem is if I click on this video, I can't actually play it, right

  • So I keep clicking in the videos not playing and that's because we haven't given this video any video controls

  • So I can come down here and I can actually just give this another attribute called

  • Controls and as long as we type controls in here now

  • This video will be able to have video controls

  • so

  • sometimes you might just want to like store a video on your website and you don't want anyone to watch it or whatever and you

  • Can just use that normal video tag, but if you want them to be able to control the video

  • they need these so now we can click the play button and

  • You can see I'm watching the video I can skip to different parts in the video

  • Over here I can control like the volume I can make get full screen or whatever

  • So now we have like full control over this video. Another thing I can do is control the size of the video, so you

  • Can notice the video is a little bit big if I wanted to give this a different size

  • I can do that so I can give this two attributes a width and I can also give it a height

  • Now one trick is you want to keep the aspect ratio of the video?

  • So I'm just gonna give this a width and the height will

  • automatically adjust to fit whatever width I'm using so we can give this a width of like

  • 300 and this is gonna be 300 pixels. So now when I refresh the page the video is gonna be 300 pixels

  • so it's a little bit smaller a little bit easier for me to see and you can

  • Control the width and the height by just using this width property. Another thing I can do is control the thumbnail of the video

  • So you'll notice that when I refresh the page, it just gives me like a picture of like the first scene of the video

  • but if I have a specific thumbnail, I can also use that on here so over here I can just say

  • poster and inside of these quotation marks

  • I can basically pass this an image file

  • so over here

  • I have this thumbnail image and this is actually the thumbnail for that image on YouTube

  • so I can actually open up my index dot HTML file again, and I can just put in here that

  • thumb dot

  • Jpg image and now when I refresh my page, it's gonna use that thumbnail for the video

  • So actually let me make this a little bit bigger

  • So instead of just showing the first scene of the video like the first image from the video

  • It's actually gonna give me that thumbnail and that can be really useful

  • Another thing you can do is specify whether or not you want this to autoplay so I could say over here

  • Autoplay, and now when I open this page the video is gonna automatically start playing so I can kind of like be useful in certain

  • circumstances you can also tell this to loop so I can say loop here and now

  • When the video is finished playing like if we went all the way to the end of the video

  • It's actually just gonna loop back around so it'll loop around and start playing once it gets to the end so you can see

  • When I got it all the way to the end here it started looping around

  • So those are a couple of the little you know

  • Attributes that you can pass it and there's a couple more I'm not going to get into all of them

  • so that's how you can take a video that's just like stored locally on your computer and put

  • It on your webpage now in addition to doing that. You can also include YouTube videos

  • so this is something that a lot of people are probably gonna want to do a lot of videos are stored on YouTube and you

  • Want to just like include them into your website and YouTube actually makes that really easy so over here

  • I just have this dinosaur video and if I wanted to

  • Embed this dinosaur video onto my website. I can actually just come down here to YouTube

  • And I can click this share button and then down here. There should be an option to embed. So

  • over here it will allow me to

  • Click embed so I can click that and this is actually gonna give me some HTML code so you can see over here

  • This is an HTML tag. It's called an iframe

  • And basically what the iframe tag does is it allows you to like peek into another website?

  • So this will like load up the youtubes website into our website and it'll like center around that video

  • I'm gonna make an entire HTML video just talking about iframes. So don't worry too much about that right now

  • just know that you can copy this code and then we can paste it in and

  • YouTube actually gives you options so you can like uncheck or check these different options and it'll

  • Show a player controls or show the video title and other actions

  • so I'm just gonna copy this and now we can come over here into our

  • HTML

  • and we can just paste all this code in and

  • we'll be able to use the YouTube video and one of the cool things about these YouTube videos is you have all of the

  • YouTube player controls so like I have like the fullscreen YouTube button. I have like the YouTube volume button and all that stuff

  • So it looks really nice if you're just embedding a video from YouTube

  • and with these videos you can also change the width and the height so you can modify both of these values and

  • Make them bigger or smaller. So that's the basics of using videos

  • I think that covers most of the use cases either you have a video

  • That you want to put on your website or you want to put a YouTube video on your website?

  • That's kind of how you can do both of those things

  • In this tutorial

  • I want to talk to you about creating lists in HTML

  • Now HTML allows you to list out a group of items and it provides you with a couple different tags to do that

  • there's a lot of scenarios where you might need to list something out maybe a list of names or the list of steps in a

  • Recipe and you can use specific tags in HTML to format those lists and make them look really good

  • like I said

  • There's a couple different types of Lists that we can define and I'm gonna show you

  • Basically how you can define a list?

  • The first type of Lists is called an unordered list and this is a list that doesn't have a particular order. So

  • imagine you we're making a list of just like a bunch of different items and they didn't have to go in a specific order you

  • Can make an unordered list

  • So we're just gonna type ul and then we're also gonna need a closing tag

  • And we're gonna close that off inside of this unordered list. We can define items for the list

  • So these two tags are basically like a container for the list and inside of here. We're gonna create something called a list item

  • So for each item in the list, we're gonna need this

  • Collection of tags which is to list item tags and in here we can just write out what we want them to be

  • So I could write out like a list of fruits for example

  • so we could say apples oranges and

  • Bananas

  • right, so I'm listing out a bunch of different fruits and

  • If I wanted to I could even make these list items a little bit more complex. So I

  • could include something in here like a link so I can make a link and we could

  • give it an href and I'm not actually gonna give this a real address just because I

  • don't need to and then I can close off this link so you can put like

  • HTML tags inside of these lists items you can really do whatever you want inside of there

  • Now when I refresh the page, you'll notice that we have this awesome list

  • so it's listing out all of these items and you can see this one's a link and

  • Because this is an unordered list. We have these little circle markers that just marks each list item in the list

  • So that's how you can define an unordered list, but what if you want to order the items inside of this list?

  • Right, imagine that you were writing the recipe or something in a recipe. You need to follow steps very

  • Specifically so you can't just skip to like any step you want

  • We get to find an ordered list and in an ordered list

  • We just type oh L and that's gonna stand for ordered list

  • And now what you'll see is all of the items in this list are going to be ordered

  • So its ordered like 1 2 3 so there you know

  • there's a specific order assigned to each element and that

  • Order is basically just the order that these list items appear inside of the ordered list

  • And you can actually change the style of lists. So you notice that we were listing everything out with numbers

  • I can actually change that so I can say type and we can specify a type

  • so the default type is gonna be one just like this but instead of 1 I could say a and

  • capital a is gonna mean that

  • It's just listening it out in alphabetical. So we have like a B and C

  • I can also do a lowercase a and that's gonna be lowercase numbers

  • I can do

  • Uppercase I and this is going to be Roman numerals or I could do a lowercase I and it'll be lowercase Roman numerals

  • So you can change around the style of the list depending on the type of items that you have inside

  • You can also embed these lists so I could put a list inside of a list item

  • So let's put a list inside of this oranges and we could just put another

  • ordered list right so I can make another oh L and

  • We'll close this off and I could define different list items so I could just say like item 1

  • Etc. And now we're gonna have a list inside of this list. So

  • inside of the oranges list item

  • We have another list and it'll start listing out things

  • So you can embed these lists all you want and that can be a really useful thing to do. So

  • Ordered lists and unordered lists are the two most popular types of Lists. You'll see in HTML and

  • 90% of the time you're only gonna be working with those but there's actually another list that

  • Exists and I just want to kind of tell you guys about it

  • You're probably not gonna see this one as much because it's not as popular

  • But at least you can sort of learn what it does

  • So it's called a description list and this is a special type of list to where

  • you can list out items and then you can describe those items so you can create a description list with these DL tags and

  • I'm just going to close this one off and then inside of here we can define not a list item

  • We're gonna define a description term

  • So this is gonna be DT and it works just like a list item does so in here I could just type

  • apples and

  • in addition to a description term

  • We can also give the description term a description so we can describe the description term and we're just gonna type DD

  • and

  • we'll end this off and so here I can describe the apples so I could say like -

  • They are red or something. And now when I go over to my website, you'll see that we have this apples

  • item in the list and then we have the description right below it so I could add in another one for like

  • Oranges

  • And we'll have a couple different items with description

  • So this can be kind of useful if you want to, you know have list items that have descriptions

  • So those are the three basic types of Lists

  • Like I said for the most part, you're probably only going to be using ordered lists or unordered lists

  • Or at least those are the most popular that you're gonna see but description list exists and they're really useful as well

  • So you can now start making different lists in HTML

  • In this tutorial I want to talk to you about creating tables in HTML a table is basically a way that you can

  • Format information and display it to your users. So if you ever use something like

  • Microsoft Excel or Google sheets, you're basically working with tables and that's kind of what we're doing here in HTML

  • over here

  • I just pulled up some images of a bunch of different tables and these are just examples

  • Of the kind of things that we can create when we create our tables in HTML so you can layout information in this table

  • format

  • So the way we could table is by using the HTML table tag, and this is kind of a complex tag

  • So you want to make sure that you pay attention to all the components that go into a table?

  • so I'm just gonna create this table tag and

  • Then I'm also going to need an ending tag

  • and so inside of here we can put everything that we want to go inside of our

  • Table and the most basic layout for a table is you're defining a table row

  • So a table row is like a horizontal part of a table, right?

  • It's one entry into the table and we can define a table row using these table row tags. So

  • TR and

  • Ending tags for TR

  • So this is gonna represent like one horizontal row one entry

  • into our table and

  • You can define the individual data for the table

  • In other words like the individual data for each column in the table by using something called table of data. So table data is

  • Just gonna go inside of this tag, so I could create one piece of data. I'm just gonna call this one and

  • That would represent one column in my table

  • So this is like one column and then if I put another table data, it would be like another column in the table

  • So I'm gonna copy this and we'll just paste it below here. We'll call this one too. And

  • I'm gonna do the same thing. We'll do one more and we'll call it three

  • So now when I come over to my website

  • What I should have is a basic table with three entries or columns in one row of information

  • And that's exactly what I have. So I just have 1 2 and then 3

  • Right here. What I could do is I could insert another row into my table, right so I have this

  • initial table row right here if I wanted I could just copy this and I can paste it right below and

  • Now what we're doing is we're defining another row. So if I refresh my page, you can see we have these two rows

  • So why don't we change this to 4?

  • 5 & 6

  • And you can see that the rows in the table are formatted just like they are here

  • So this row was specified first, and it's showing up first in the table

  • Then we specified this row and now that's showing up second

  • So that's the basics of adding data into a table, but we can also take this a step further

  • So if I wanted to instead of just defining data, I could define headers for the data

  • So I'm gonna make another table row

  • and

  • Over here. It's gonna stay a table row, but instead of defining table data, I'm gonna define a table header

  • So instead of TD, it's gonna be th and I'm just gonna change that on all of these

  • And so now I'm gonna change these so these are gonna be like the titles or the titles of each column for our table

  • So I could say like num1 num2

  • And

  • number 3 so

  • basically, they have to list out three numbers and you'll see here that these are now like

  • specified in bold, so these would be like

  • You know the different column titles and then here we have the information for each column

  • One of the other things about tables is that they're really flexible

  • so if I wanted to come over here and add in another or column to the table, all I have to do is just

  • Copy this guy we can just put in another table data entry so we could say like three and a half

  • So now in addition to this three, we're also gonna have another entry in the table

  • But we don't have to have entries for like these table headers or for this other guy

  • You can just put whatever entries you want. And the other cool thing about tables is that they'll resize themselves

  • So as I make this window smaller

  • You'll see that the text inside of this table is

  • Like wrapping around and that's kind of cool so you can compress the table and you'll still have all this

  • Information and you can see that the information below it is actually moving down to accommodate it

  • so tables are actually really responsive so you can define as many

  • Table rows and as much table data as you want and there's actually another thing we can do which is add in a caption

  • So the caption will be like the overall title of the table. So right here underneath the table tag, I'm gonna put these

  • Caption tags. And again, this is like the title of the table so we could just say like

  • list of numbers

  • And

  • Now this table will have a nice caption on it. So

  • you can see the caption will sit like right in the middle right above the table and a

  • lot of times what people will do is they'll make this like a header so you can make this a header -

  • and

  • Now it'll be like this nice big title for our table. So it looks really good

  • So that's the basics of using a table

  • another thing that people like to do is define a table head and a table body and this is just makes it easier for

  • People to read through the tables in the HTML

  • So for example right now it's like not super obvious that this is supposed to be the table

  • Heading and it's not super obvious that this is supposed to be like the content of the table so you can separate the two

  • Sections by specifying the table head and a table body. So up here right underneath the actually right before

  • This caption we're gonna define the table head. So I'm just gonna say tee head and

  • Then below here, I'm gonna say I'm just and this

  • and

  • Now I'll just sort of indent this so it looks a little bit better

  • So this is going to be all the information in the header of the table

  • Now we can create another tag called a table body and it's going to be the same thing. I'm just gonna say

  • T body and

  • Then we'll end the T body down here at the bottom of the table

  • And

  • Again, I'm just gonna kind of indent these things

  • so it's easier to see so now our table is laid out with a head and a body and

  • you'll see that it doesn't change the way the table looks but it just allows us to

  • Format it and organize it a little bit better

  • Now there's one more thing that we can do with tables which is control with something called call span and

  • Call span stands for a column span. So

  • For example, I have this one right here. Right? And this is in the table

  • You'll notice that when we look at the table one takes up exactly one column in the table, right?

  • So it's taking up one column and then in the second column, we have two and then three

  • but I can actually

  • have one take up more than one column so I can come over here in the table data and I can say

  • Call span is equal to and inside of these quotation marks

  • I can just put an integer number so I could say for

  • Example two and now this piece of table data is gonna take up two columns in the table. So

  • You'll see right now. It's taking up one when I refresh the page. It's taking up two now

  • So this one entry takes up two columns in the table, and then everything else gets pushed over to the side

  • so I could also say like three and

  • Now this will take up three columns just like that so you can control how many columns each

  • Individual table data is going to take up and that really allows you to control like every aspect of your table

  • So that's the basics of using tables. I mean you want to just make sure that you're using the right tags

  • I mean tables at least for me have always been like

  • Kind of daunting because there's so many of these like little tags in there

  • But as long as you keep them well indented and you keep them organized then you should have no problem

  • In this tutorial

  • I wanna talk about containers in HTML now a container in HTML is basically a

  • Set of tags that wraps other

  • HTML elements so I can define a starting and an ending tag and then inside of those tags

  • I'll just put a bunch of other HTML elements

  • Generally when you're writing HTML, it's good to wrap your HTML tags in what we would call like a wrapper tag

  • and that's basically just like a set of tags that sort of stores all of the HTML and that's because

  • When you start getting into more advanced HTML and you're looking at things like CSS

  • Which is basically just a language that you can use to style your webpages

  • Usually if you want to apply a certain

  • styling to a bunch of different elements you can just apply it to that wrapper element and all of the elements inside of it will

  • Inherit that style I don't want to get too into like CSS and styling, but just know that a lot of times in HTML

  • It's good to wrap up a bunch of elements into a like overall container

  • And in this lesson, I want to talk to you guys about two of those popular containers in HTML, which are divs and spans

  • And those are both sets of HTML tags that you can use as containers

  • You can put a bunch of different HTML elements inside of a div or a span

  • And then you'll you're sort of like wrapping them up before I get into

  • Divs and spans. I want to talk to you guys about the different ways that

  • HTML elements are displayed and

  • this is kind of an important concept for you guys to understand the difference between a div and a span and this is also just

  • An important concept in general when we're talking about HTML

  • So HTML has two basic ways that it displays elements and keep in mind. There's more than two

  • You can get into a bunch of different other ones

  • but the two main ways like the two ways that you need to know if you want to know HTML are

  • Block and inline. So CSS can display what are called block elements and it can display inline

  • elements now block elements are CSS or HTML

  • Elements that take up the entire width of the page

  • so they're just like a block on the page and inline elements are elements that only

  • As much space as they need so you could have inline elements like sitting right next to each other

  • But you couldn't have block elements sitting right next to each other because the block elements take up the entire width of the page

  • Now different HTML tags are gonna display differently

  • so some tags are block tags other tags are inline tags a good example of this is

  • Paragraphs versus links. So if I was to create two links inside of HTML, I can just make a link and

  • It doesn't really have to link to anything. It doesn't really matter and I'll just say link 1 and

  • I'll make another link down here. I'm just gonna copy this one

  • And we'll call this link 2 when I refresh my page

  • You'll see over here that these the links are actually sitting right next to each other

  • So link 1 is sitting right next to link 2, and this is a good example of two inline elements

  • So these links are able to sit next to each other because they're only taking up as much

  • Space on the page as they need right link one only needs this amount of space

  • So it only takes up that much space if I made the text and link one longer

  • Now it's gonna have to take up more space, but you can see we can still stick link to here right next to it

  • These are like I said inline

  • CSS elements so they can sit in line with each other or they can sit on the same line as a good analogy

  • And now I'm gonna create two HTML paragraphs

  • so when HTML paragraph is in a good example of a block element, so I'm just gonna make one paragraph and

  • Then I'm gonna make another paragraph down here

  • And

  • I'm actually gonna separate these

  • So what you'll notice is unlike these links how they sat next to each other

  • These two paragraphs aren't gonna be able to do that

  • so you can see we have paragraph 1 up here and

  • Even though there's enough room up here in this file to put paragraph 2

  • It's not gonna go there right? So it doesn't matter how small I make paragraph 1 like it doesn't matter

  • How much room there is over here for paragraph two to go?

  • It's never going to go over there because these are block elements. So block elements

  • Like I said, they take up the entire width of the page

  • And so they force the next element to go below them these inline elements. Don't do that

  • So with these inline elements, you can just store them right next to each other in the file

  • and that's the difference between the two main display types in HTML block display an

  • inline display as long as you understand that concept the concept of a block element and the concept of an

  • Inline element then you're gonna understand what spans and divs are used for

  • So the big difference between spans and divs is that spans are inline?

  • Containers and divs are block containers so I can create a span and you just do it by making these span tags

  • And we can make an end one and I can just put some text inside of here. So

  • Let's just say span one and then I'll make another span down here

  • Span two and what you'll notice is when I refresh the page

  • These two spans in other words the elements or the text inside of these two spans is displayed right next to each other

  • Right. So this span is an inline container

  • When I make two divs, I'm gonna make div

  • and

  • I'll do the same thing. So

  • We'll just put some text in here. We can just say div 1 and div 2

  • and

  • Now when I refresh the page, you'll notice that these divs are on different lines

  • So unlike those spans which are inline elements. These divs are block elements

  • So the divs can't be on the same line because they're blocks so div 1 is taking up the entire width of the screen

  • But these spans can because they're in line. So that's the big difference between divs and spans is that divs are

  • Inline or no divs are block elements and spans our inline elements and these are both containers

  • So we can use spans and divs as containers, right?

  • So these are gonna hold either text or they're gonna hold like other HTML elements when you start getting into CSS

  • Which is how you style HTML you can actually apply

  • Styling to these spans as well. So that's another reason why you might use a spin divs are containers as well

  • But divs are block elements. So anything you put inside a div is gonna be like a block element on the page

  • So that's the basic use for divs and spans. You're gonna see these used a lot

  • I think probably divs are used a little bit more than spans are just cuz

  • The circumstances for using spans are a little bit more specific than for divs

  • Generally, if you're defining a like overall container in HTML

  • You just want to use a div and a lot of times if you see people using containers in HTML

  • They're gonna wrap stuff in a div. So just remember that a div is a block element

  • So anything that goes inside of a div is gonna take up the whole width of the screen right that div container

  • Itself is going to take up the width because it's a block element

  • In this tutorial I want to talk to you guys about using input tags in HTML

  • Now input tags are basically going to allow you to add elements on your page. Where users can input information

  • so these are things like text boxes or text areas or

  • Checkboxes radio buttons, you know all sorts of elements on the site that users can interact with to enter information

  • Now here's the catch when you're defining these elements in HTML. We're not actually making them functional

  • So if I defined like a text box on my website just because I define it in HTML

  • Doesn't mean that it's gonna work in other words just because you have the text box there doesn't mean someone's gonna be able to type

  • In information and you'll be able to do stuff with that in

  • Order to like get information from a user through these text boxes. You need to use a language called JavaScript

  • But that's a little bit beyond the scope of this course. We're just trying to learn HTML

  • So I'm just gonna show you guys the actual HTML

  • elements that you can use to define these things like text boxes and text areas and

  • Then if you want you can go off and learn JavaScript and you can learn how to get input from them. So

  • Down here. I'm gonna define my first input and all the inputs for the most part

  • We're gonna use the same tag

  • so they're going to use this input tag so I can just say input and I need to pass this a

  • HTML attribute

  • So I need to give it some

  • information we can say type and I need to tell it what type of

  • Input I want to accept and there's a long list of different types of inputs that you can accept in HTML

  • But the most basic one is just text

  • So this will basically create a text box for us and you notice that the input is only one tag

  • It's like a single tag. So we're just ending it over here

  • There's not like another tag another ending tag when I refresh my page

  • you'll see that we have this text box up here and I can actually just start typing in whatever I want inside of here and

  • It's gonna be a functional text box. Another thing I can do is create a text box for a password

  • so something that is really common on websites is to have the user enter a password and

  • What you can do is you can actually hide the text that's getting input into the text box

  • So instead of saying type text we can say type password and you'll see what happens when I come up here. I

  • can type normally in this text box, but when I type down here it

  • Covers these things up. So now they're just like little dots and you can't actually see what's being typed inside of there

  • So that's kind of like a HTML way of hiding the input from a text box

  • another thing we can do is define default content inside of these text boxes so I could give this a

  • value attribute and now we can just define a default value so I could say like

  • enter your

  • User name? Maybe this is like a username prompt and now you'll see that this text is automatically included

  • Inside of that text box without me having to do anything

  • now I can also define something called a

  • Text area and a text area is a lot like an input but instead of just having one single line

  • We can have like a huge block where we can add your text. So this isn't technically an input tag

  • It has its own type of tag, so it's just called

  • Text area and in here we can make two tags. So we're also going to need a closing tag and

  • This text area you'll see is gonna be like a big thing that we can put our text in so

  • Unlike these two blocks right here

  • this text area is a little bit bigger and we can actually

  • resize it so I could take this text area and make it a

  • lot bigger on my page just like that and then I can you know type in whatever I wanted into here and

  • That would basically be a place for me to enter in lots of text. You can also define some attributes for a text area

  • so I can give this a specified number of rows or columns so I could say here Rose is equal to

  • And now we can say like maybe we want it to be like ten rows and we could say columns

  • so remember rows are going down columns are going across we can say

  • Columns and

  • While we make this like 30, so it's really obvious. And now this text area is gonna be really big just like that

  • so it's 30 columns across and ten rows down and

  • You know, you can kind of just like see how that works there and you can also define default text for text images. So

  • Inside of these two text area tags, I could just type, you know

  • enter a

  • Paragraph and now that text is going to be in there by default. So that's the text area field and that's pretty fun

  • There's a couple other

  • Input tags that we can look at so there's different types of input that you can accept

  • And I'm just gonna get rid of this value actually

  • In addition to accepting things like text we can also accept something like a date

  • So a lot of times you might have someone like enter their birthday or something and you can see now

  • The browser is displaying like this little date input for us and you get this a little calendar widget and this is gonna look different

  • on different browsers

  • But for the most part if you use this input type you can control like what the user is going to input

  • so in addition to date we could also do like email and

  • Email is actually pretty similar to just the text box

  • We could also do like a range

  • So this could be like a range of numbers and you can see we have this little slider here

  • We could also do a file

  • So a lot of times on websites you want users to upload a file and you'll see that this actually opens up my little file

  • Browser here and I can click open and it will like grab the name of the file and obviously

  • You know you without JavaScript or another programming language. You can't actually upload these files but point is you can give the actual input

  • prompt for these files and you can also define different types of buttons so I can define like

  • a

  • Checkbox and here. We just have a little box that we could check you could also define a radio button

  • Actually, I want to show you guys the difference between checkboxes and radio buttons. So if I have two checkboxes, I

  • Can check both of them at the same time?

  • Okay, just like that if I have two radio buttons though

  • And if I give them an attribute called name so we can name radio button so I could say

  • Button, and we'll give this one that same exact name

  • You can actually only click on one of these radio buttons at a time

  • So if they have the same name, then I can only click one at a time. So checkboxes

  • You can click as many as you want with radio buttons though, as long as they have the same name

  • You can only check one at a time. We can also define different buttons so I could define like a submit button

  • That's kind of a popular button that people have so if you have a form like an HTML form

  • You can define a submit button so I can just say submit and now we'll get this nice little button here for submitting

  • So there's actually a bunch of these different input types and I have this web page open over here. This is a web page on

  • W3schools and it basically just defines all of the input types for HTML

  • so the address is wz schools comm four slash tag s

  • /a t t underscore input underscore type and down here

  • There's this really good list and it just lists out all of the different types of inputs that you can have

  • So you see like button check box color date file text URL all these different

  • You know types of like text boxes or buttons or little elements that you can use to input information

  • In HTML, so I want to talk to you guys about one more HTML element

  • which is called a form and a

  • Form is basically an element that is going to be used to store all of these inputs, generally

  • so generally if you see people using this form element, they're gonna be putting

  • These input tags inside of here. So a form is like a wrapper for a bunch of the user input and you know

  • I was always saying before like when you really want to like accept input from a user

  • you're gonna need an other another language besides HTML and that's usually where forms are gonna come in handy because

  • Forms can like give information to like your web server or whatever, but you don't have to worry about that right now

  • Just know that a form tag is a lot of times acts as a wrapper for these different input

  • So hopefully you guys, you know got something out of that

  • You can kind of got a little bit of an introduction into these different input tags

  • And now you can style your website so users can input information into it

  • In this tutorial I'm going to talk to you about using iframes in

  • HTML an iframe is an HTML element that's actually able to display another website

  • Inside of your web page so you can effectively embed an entirely different website inside of your own web page, which is pretty cool

  • so you can create an iframe tag pretty much anywhere in your site and

  • It's just I frame like that and then we need to pass this one attribute

  • Which is a source and this is going to be like the website that you want to embed

  • So in my case, why don't we just do the draft Academy website?

  • And

  • then I can close off this iframe tag and

  • You're also going to need a closing iframe tag, so you're going to need one over here

  • now inside of these iframe tags

  • You can put some text and this is text that's gonna get displayed if the user that's on your website

  • Can't view iframes. So maybe their browser just like doesn't support iframes

  • Or maybe they you know have some option toggled where it doesn't view iframes

  • Basically, this code would be displayed to them if they can't view it

  • So now when I head over here, I can refresh this page and you'll notice that inside this little window

  • The draft Academy homepage is displaying but it's like super small

  • so if you want you can come down here and we can resize these iframes so I can give this a

  • Width attribute and we'll just make it a thousand and I can also give it a height attribute

  • And we can make this like 800

  • So now this iframe should display a lot bigger, right? So now I can see the whole website

  • and so this website is

  • Literally embedded inside of my website so I can go to all the different pages of the website

  • It works just like a normal website would but it's inside of our website

  • So another thing you can do is you can control the border

  • So if you look here on this iframe, you can see there's like a little

  • Border around here. It's like this little gray bar

  • It's kind of hard to see but if you want to get rid of that

  • There's another attribute we can pass in we can just say

  • Frame border is equal to 0 and now this will get rid of that little border. So the iframe will just be like

  • Even more embedded inside of the website now iframes are really great and you can pretty much use an iframe for any website

  • But one thing that a lot of websites will do a lot of like big web sites is they'll prevent other

  • Websites from using their websites as iframes. So like if I tried to make this

  • iframe for like Amazon, for example Amazon com

  • Then when I refresh the page you'll see that nothing shows up

  • Right i'm not able to use amazon as an iframe

  • and that's because they have some setting toggled where they don't allow their website to be used as an iframe and

  • Kind of for a good reason. I mean one of the problems or one of the dangers of

  • iframes is that

  • Someone else's website could pose as another

  • person's website so I could create a website and just have an iframe of Amazon's website in my website and I could trick people into

  • Going to my website and they would just think it's Amazon, right? So they'd be like, oh, I'm on Amazon. This is cool

  • Meanwhile, they're on my website and I could like take their data or you know do something malicious to them

  • So that's one reason why people wouldn't want to have iframes and it kind of makes sense

  • But in my case like for traffic Adam e-comm, like I have no problem letting people I frame that so it's available to me

  • Yeah, that's the basics of iframes

  • Like I said it, you know

  • You can resize them you can move them around and they can be a really useful feature in your website

  • In this tutorial I want to talk to you about meta tags in HTML

  • So up here in the head of my website, you'll see that I have this meta tag right here

  • And this is normally a meta tag that's included in most

  • HTML and it's specifying the char set of my file right the character set

  • but in addition to this meta tag

  • We can also define other

  • meta tags and meta tags live in the head of the HTML file and the head is basically just used to like to find

  • Information about the file or do some different like configuration with the file and these meta tags are used

  • for metadata

  • So metadata is like data about data so we can use meta tags to define information about this particular webpage

  • I'm going to show you some of those different meta tags and we'll talk about like how they're used and why they're useful so

  • I'm gonna make a new meta tag, and we're gonna call this one

  • Name, so we're gonna give it a name and we're gonna call it

  • Description so this is gonna be the like full-on description of our website and over here. I'm just gonna type

  • content so this is gonna be the content of the meta tag and here you could type like

  • your description and

  • Most websites are going to have a description and this is something that can be used by for example a search engine in

  • Order to kind of like help to figure out what your website's about

  • so if you give a good description of what your website is doing then a search engine could use that information to

  • kind of

  • figure out where your page should sit and like page rankings and stuff like that and the general rule people usually would say like maybe

  • A hundred and sixty characters for a description is like kind of good

  • um, you don't want the description to be too long like if the descriptions over like let's say 200 characters then most search engines are

  • just kind of gonna ignore it or they might even like penalize you for that and like your search ranking, so

  • Description is very important. Just make sure you keep it brief

  • another meta tag that we can use is

  • for the author so I can say meta name and this is gonna be

  • author

  • And actually I don't think I closed this tag. Yeah, so you can just close all of these like this

  • And then again we can just define the content

  • So this is gonna define like the contour who the author is so I can our case it's me

  • And we can also define some keywords. So

  • this is gonna be

  • Keywords and again content so the keywords can just be stored in like a comma separated list so you could say like

  • HTML, you know?

  • tutorial

  • You know

  • Traffic Adam eats stuff like that. So we're just defining this long list of keywords

  • And again, like the search engine could use those keywords to kind of help index your site

  • now one of the things with this keywords tag is

  • like back in the day a lot of people would just like shove a bunch of keywords inside of there and then their pages would

  • Get like ranked on Google or Yahoo!

  • Like artificially so like all these pages would get ranked

  • Meanwhile, they had nothing to do with the keywords that were on the keyword tag

  • So I think probably most search engines at this point

  • Just don't even like bother looking at the keywords tag

  • But it can be good to have in there just in case and another meta tag that we can use

  • And this one's actually really important and this controls how your website is displayed on

  • different devices so we can say name and

  • It's just called a viewport and this has a couple complicated little options here that we can configure

  • So we can just say content and you want to type out

  • basically just this so it's gonna be with we're defining the width and

  • device width and

  • then

  • initial

  • Scale is

  • Equal to 1.0

  • So this is something that you might see in like HTML files if you're looking at them and basically what this does is it controls

  • how your

  • Website is displayed on different devices

  • So if you didn't have this in here and you went to look at your website on like a mobile device

  • Then the website would just display as it would on a desktop

  • So it would display like really zoomed out and really far away and a lot of times people will design their websites to be

  • To look really good on mobile

  • So like if you designed this website to look really good on a mobile device if you didn't include this lineup in here

  • then it's possible that the

  • mobile device wouldn't display the website in that mobile if you would display it like it would on a

  • Desktops like really zoomed out and it just wouldn't look good. So defining like the width as the device width

  • So the current device that's looking at it allows the HTML to kind of like respond to the size of the screen

  • So this is another important meta tag

  • So these are some basic

  • Meta tags that you can use inside your website and there's a couple more you could just do a Google search and kind of find

  • Like all of the possible meta tags

  • But I would say these like four or five meta tags are like the most commonly used and the most important for your website

  • Hey, thanks for watching. If you enjoyed the video, please leave a like and subscribe

Hey, welcome to Draft CAD me my name is Mike in this course, I'm gonna cover everything you need to know to get started

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