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  • Well, that sounds probably when the that probably means people of appearing all right.

  • Yes, I'm sleeping.

  • People can hear us.

  • And if you can't, I'm sure you'll let us know very shortly.

  • My name's Brady Harun, and I'm like periodic videos and 60 symbols, But you don't need to see me.

  • No doubt you're probably here to make some of these professors.

  • And we have here Professor Ed Copeland.

  • Hello, Professor Martin.

  • Will you go?

  • I, Professor Might Marrufo.

  • Professor Moriarty A little.

  • And I'm gonna I'm gonna go back there alone on the other side of the camera.

  • Now, we're hoping that you're gonna start sending in some question.

  • We're hoping you'll start sending in some questions, but I'm also gonna ask a few on your behalf that have been sent in earlier, and I'll start off with probably the most obvious one.

  • And I'll ask the professor's toe answer for a minute or two, perhaps from left to rot, starting with Ed.

  • And that is, can you tell us who you are and a little bit about what you're doing a little bit about your research?

  • Because I think a lot of people see you in these videos and perhaps don't know what your specialties are and what you really do on a day to day basis.

  • So please go ahead.

  • Okay, So I'm at Copeland, dynamic the physics departments on within the physics departments.

  • I run the particle theory group on DDE.

  • In that group, I work mainly on the other universe, trying to understand how on the world of particle physics links into cosmologies.

  • So I look at the primordial fluctuations this arise in the very earliest moments of the universe, and then try and determine this signatures that they would leave in things like the cosmic microwave background, the remnant radiation of the Big Bang, and from that trying constrained physics of the universe by using physics of the leg with us.

  • So that's why I get so much fun.

  • I'm Martin Polyakov.

  • I appear on periodic videos.

  • I'm research professor in green chemistry That is cleaner ways of making chemicals and materials, trying to eliminate this match as possible pollution, trying to make a cz much of the chemicals out of the starting material with this little waste as possible.

  • And the particular area that I'm interested in is replacing solvents and chemical reactions, and I do this by using high pressure.

  • Gas is either hi precious you two or high press esteem, which can replace the orders toxic solvents that used in many chemical reactions.

  • So my work is on the borders of chemistry and chemical engineering.

  • Hello, I'm Michael Murrayfield.

  • I'm kind of at the opposite end of the scout from Martin that I tend to deal with things that ridiculously low pressures on but very inefficient processes for research.

  • Point of view.

  • Astronomer mainly interested in studying the formation of Galaxies.

  • There's lots of ways to study in the formation of Galaxies, and I kind of take the archaeological of broke story of looking at relatively nearby Galaxies and trying to figure out why they ended up looking the way they are, how they ended up people together in the way they are to try and unravel the processes through which the system okay, so back gets made.

  • A certain trust are closer to to Martin's in that what I do is nanoscience.

  • That number seems really represents a convergence physics and chemistry.

  • When you're working on state of molecules single Athens, it's very difficult to disentangle where they're executing physics, chemistry, some sort of mixture.

  • Where I'm really folks at the moment is work in ultrahigh vacuum very, very little pressure so sure that I would like but also at five degrees above absolute space on dhe, trying to measure the forces between individual atoms and individual molecules, particularly what we're working on at the moment.

  • It's trying to detect the force youto hydrogen bonding, manipulating atoms by which I mean picking up or translating mater atoms very in a very, very deterministic and precise where would come under computer control.

  • Ultimately, what I'd like to do is to be able to tell a computer I would like to build a particular structure, which is turn atoms wide, turn out inside my turn up unstable particular atoms, a different places with him, not on the complete computer control.

  • Martin would look, implement this chemistry, I guess.

  • All right, then, thank you very much.

  • I don't know whether many people are listening to us is yet, but I'll try to find that out shortly.

  • We could be having problems, and I wouldn't even know about it.

  • Another question that I've been asked a bit about is before we talk a bit more science.

  • A lot of people have asked about making the videos on the videos you've been involved in, and I know it's just a tiny fraction of what you doing your job.

  • But a lot of people have asked, hasn't made much of an impact on you.

  • Has it changed your job match or has much come about because of it?

  • So perhaps in the same order, could you tell us about your experience of making making these videos?

  • Sure, it's I love making the videos.

  • I yes, it's had a big impact on me.

  • It's something change the way I think about explaining things, and it's made me made me cause to try and avoid getting too technical because I know bread.

  • You'll shouts at me on DDE this.

  • I tried to stop using too many numbers and equations because I know I'll get slapped down for that.

  • That's actually quite usefully.

  • It really makes you think about what you're saying and think about the science, and it's have a lot of its handsome, quite a large impact in terms of people watching them and coming up to us after after the videos and saying that must have enjoyed them.

  • So I've instantly changed the way I've been thinking about science, at least when it comes to explaining it to the public.

  • I think it's made a lot of difference to me as well, partly because I have explained all sorts of things that they would never thought about having to describe a the chemistry of the statue of Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro.

  • A.

  • Ll trying to think of something chemical to say about Sydney Opera House Onda.

  • At the same time, it has made me meet through the Internet.

  • All sorts of people chemist all over the world have written to me, asked me for advice and also, I suppose, because of my family hair, you can see I have better than these guys that I'm stopped quite a lot in the street all over the place or on trains and someone.

  • So I really quite strange that people come up to me and say, I really enjoyed your video's complete strangers and we certainly have something in common.

  • Yes, I mean, the first thing to say is that somebody enjoyed doing it challenging, entertaining, interesting try and come up with ways to explain.

  • It's a science.

  • It also means, you know, I mean, with tax funded scientists, right?

  • We're actually paid by the taxes of the people in this country.

  • And so you kind of feel that you actually have some sort of obligation not just to sit away, actually do research actually, to explain it and to explain some of the excitement about science.

  • You are doing some of the scientists science that your colleagues going around you, And it's actually hard to do that in a way that reaches more than a dozen people at once.

  • So this is a way of really paying back some of what we've been able to do.

  • I actually help explain the science with you.

  • So it's, you know, it's a really enjoyable thing, but actually something that obligations all workers.

  • I suggest that I don't enjoy doing it, but it is something that I feel I really should be doing.

  • This well is enjoying it.

  • Yeah, totally second that I guess one of the really nice aspects of it from a apart from working the Brady, even though it does tell me very many occasions that was absolutely terrible.

  • Thing again is thank you get e mails from people on the other side of the world, you say, you know, given open physics that never thought about doing physics.

  • I know I got a renewed interest or students who really happens again consider doing physics and then email to say that when I'm majoring in physics and that's that's just brilliant.

  • On Martin's point about meeting up with, um, something strange people here in there put generally, it's it's, um it's it's it's a great pleasure.

  • I was coming back not so long ago from Dublin and somebody came up and I have my family with me.

  • Andi, somebody come up and set up senior videos and 60 symbol.

  • So I went up.

  • One notch is in the estimation of my Children.

  • I think the other thing, which is quite nice, is this.

  • It's in the four years since I started making these videos, there'd be a number of occasions when I had really quite sad experiences with some my friends or close people close to me died, and I make video spent them on.

  • The sympathy from the viewers who watch these videos has been really very comforting to me, and so I feel the same part of the global community in a way I've never felt before.

  • If we can go back a little bit to your science and your research, this was another thing.

  • There were a few questions about So, uh, I think it's worth worth asking more questions about it.

  • Um, we talk about your research a bit in the videos, but quite often you talk about things that are away from your core research.

  • People have asked for you to talk a bit more.

  • Are there any topics that we haven't covered in your particular fields?

  • So Galaxies for Mike or the particle physics for red or green chemistry for Martin, Are there any areas that we haven't covered yet in the videos that really excite you?

  • That they're the things you're really into at the moment cause people would like to hear the things that really get your juices flowing.

  • And can you tell us a bit about that and maybe give us a preview as to what might be the future video of that than then?

  • So I go, You got it s o the I suppose the, um there are two things at the moment when we have done a video on to introduce, but I think we need probably to do a follow up, and that's the FAM, for which, But I'll tell you about something else rather than that.

  • And that's I work on cosmic strings.

  • These are maybe hypothetical objects, maybe the hour there that formed in the universe in a phase transition on there, like the analog off dislocations that you might get.

  • When ice freezes from water and you get cracks in the ice, or when you you've iron forms a solid, then you can get you can get lying's in the island.

  • These are fault lines on this, the analogous think conforming the barrier of the universe.

  • And they're very massive, extremely thin on, because that's the message that can attract massive around them.

  • On in particular when light from the early universe passes by them, the light gets bent and leaves a distinctive pattern in the what's known as the microwave background on.

  • By searching by doing calculations best on these strings, you can then make a prediction as to what this pattern in the microwave background should look like.

  • On.

  • There's a satellite out there at the moment, looking at the microwave background, looking for fluctuations in the temperature of this background, very small fluctuations on.

  • By determining those fluctuations, you we might be able to find the signature of these objects.

  • And not if they're there, that this is the plank satellite that should be releasing its day to next year.

  • And if they're there, then it will be the first evidence off the very early phase transitions leading to these political top political defects that these strings on dhe You can link these strings to string theory, which is often comes under criticism for being a theory that never predicts anything, and we actually have a prediction as to what signature might find it.

  • So we're quite excited waiting for the data to come from plank to see whether it shows any evidence of these objects can't miss deal with rather more specific problems.

  • So there's so many molecules, one could make figures forever and ever.

  • And there's always really exciting about the particular molecule that you're working on today on, and my research room has students working on all sorts of different reactions, and I'd like to make it is at the mall But one of the reactions that we are working on at the moment is reactions of so called single it oxygen.

  • Oxygen oh too has, somewhat surprisingly, has to impaired electrons on dhe.

  • This is what makes it magnetic.

  • You consider now video, but also, But if you're saying light on oxygen in the presence of catalysts, you can cause these two electrons to pair, and then the real ox oxygen becomes very much more reactive.

  • It will react when molecules which normally it won't react unless you heat to very high temperature.

  • And so we're doing a whole series of experiments on single it oxygen making molecules in a clean away than they're being made at moments.

  • And I hope we'll have some videos on that suit.

  • And the other thing that I'm really excited about is that we're just about to start building a new chemistry building here in Nottingham, which is going to be completely carbon neutral.

  • It's gonna use much less energy than ordinary chemistry labs and could be enormously important for chemistry labs all over the world, and we're going to tell you about it and let you watch the project as it goes, a lot.

  • Okay, so, uh, research wise, I guess the thing that's exciting me most of the moment.

  • And I hope to convince Brady a few videos about he's looking at, Oh, astronomers study the spectra of Galaxies quite a lot.

  • And there's two things you could learn from the spectra of Galaxies.

  • Money is how the stars moving in the galaxy by Dr Shift in the Light on the other is you can figure out what the Galaxies made off from the strength of the various auction lines you see in the spectrum.

  • It tells you which elements or relative proportions.

  • One of things that astronomers both I'm not really done before is do both of these things at the same time.

  • So we're actually trying to study both the motions of the stars and so sort of tagging, you know, where there are some that have particular chemical properties that may be doing different things.

  • So on the research side, that's what most excites me.

  • The other thing that's exercising me in terms of making a video comes out of the comments actually, from from the one of several of the previous videos, which is people are getting very exercise about speed of life on whether photons really always travel in speed of light or not.

  • Andi, I'm still kind of getting my head around that one and talking to various colleagues who know more about it.

  • And I didn't try and really kind of consequence with what it is, you know, whether whether a light will you waste was it to be, like with if he doesn't slow down when you go through withdrawal last forever.

  • So I hope to make a video about that in the very near future.

  • Yeah, I'll second.

  • That might cause, you know, so in terms of refraction and away from what, Cole research, that's really wanna be very interested in the nose.

  • Yeah, It's totally to speak lighter.

  • You're crossing your arms.

  • I think you're cold.

  • You're cold.

  • Is free video.

  • You should know that in the UK were very energy.

  • Contracts are always cold.

  • I mean, only wear think sweaters.

  • Yes.

  • I'm wearing a tire.

  • Your owner?

  • Yes.

  • So, in terms of research, what I'd really like to focus on again, it's the backbone of this country.

  • Is that the current resolution with the type of microscope I use, which is called scanning microscope is far below atomic resolution of a single bone resolution on some of the highest resolution Images have been acquired recently.

  • We've got a problem.

  • Research really on that type of high resolution image.

  • We've talked.

  • A lot of people are not the big uses, the 60 symbols, ladies.

  • But I'd really like to revisit particularly cause.

  • Both minute physics on dhe v.

  • Source have discussed.

  • You know, what's the fundamental reason you can't put your hand through the desk in terms of the repulsion of electrons are probably the pilot exclusion prints.

  • Well, that's something we can measure directly on an atom by atom basis, and I'm really letting a video on that.

  • Okay, let's move away from science from it, Tell us we'll go in the same order because it seems to be working fine at the moment.

  • And, Ed, we've also been asked you if you can speak a bit louder, as I warned, because you've got yourself, you've got your lovely soft voice and I can get so can you tell us a bit about your hobbies and interests away from work and away from science?

  • Well, I'm a spokes.

  • I'm not saying I love cricket.

  • I love football for my sins.

  • I support understood town, which is a unknown team for most people.

  • But they did have their glory days in the 19 thirties and so it's a labor of love.

  • What following them?

  • Andi.

  • I used to play a lot of cricket on No, no play Andi less less cricket because I don't know, if you're aware, mostly may not be aware.

  • A cricket match, a proper cricket match less five days on the poor.

  • Brady is incorporated in mourning because they Australian got thrashed anyway.

  • I think that's about it, for that's all for today.

  • Thank you all for coming.

  • Even playing for one day was too much when you have a family, so crickets taking a back seat now.

  • But most of my hobby time is spent taking people to him from dance.

  • That's when you have a family and you have girls.

  • You dance.

  • And now what I don't know about do play, do plays and bell, eh?

  • That's another video we have to make before we move away from sport because I know when we talk to Professor Pollock off, we will definitely be moving away from sport.

  • I must tell you all the story.

  • Everyone who's listening, I'll tell you a story, an exclusive story because you've come to the hangout.

  • And that is Professor Polygraph know so little about sport that he once walked into a room where I was watching the Formula One Grand Prix motor racing and he asked if it was a game of football.

  • So you see nothing that's not in the least.

  • I'm ashamed to say I didn't watch any of the Olympic Games on.

  • So if you wish to us, discuss for you myself, my colleagues, I would say that spelling state making the videos of my hobby on dhe I also I read quite a lot.

  • I don't watch much television.

  • I go to the cinema, but I quite often get bored and go outside and work well.

  • My wife watches the rest of the film as I also I enjoy speaking foreign languages on dhe.

  • One person asked a bit earlier today whether I speak, speak Russian and for him, I should just say you cover your bottle.

  • Skin looks civilian unique.

  • Tony panel that the government on Greece.

  • So I was just saying I have to speak English.

  • Okay, friend, you're back with a sport a little bit here.

  • I used to be a keen sportsman piece playing goal from not terribly good.

  • Five a side football team until you say sucker American beside soccer.

  • Yes, I did serious damage to the ligaments in my wrist that some point, which ended a mole terribly promising career.

  • So I'm now more in the spectator mode.

  • So I do enjoy what you Formula One races and exported general like I'm watching the touring cars have to be in person, um, and what's not in forest by once in a while.

  • So variety, sports as with age, I have a young child who is very, very keen on swimming.

  • So I spent a truly scary amount of time tearing into front swimming events and talk about other things.

  • Variety copies of one kind or another, and I also you obliged to mention that I do run a little business making the world's most beautiful Christmas presents Christmas just around the table at this point, which is basically making total loss cubes that contain Barry's kind of astronomical objects in the business, because I actually do have to get my asteroid so always you're shrinking, so you're not a variety of things in Cuba, so a variety.

  • It's a easiest, mainly trading 1999 Wonderful Christmas present.

  • Yes, so I'm sort of not into sport.

  • I sure Morton's version.

  • No, I would say a person to sport, Um, I have some very unhappy memories of secondary school and being Pete Mint.

  • So I have three Children said and Michael said, I spend a lot of time taking them to be an old swimming to ballet on DDE on.

  • And yes, my achieve activity outside of workers music, particularly heavy metal, death, metal thrash metal that ever version of matter.

  • You you like our rockets.

  • I know increasingly got more time drives.

  • You pick up a guitar player, but you bring medical think it's the difference between death, metal and freshman.

  • That's a very good question.

  • So with delicate.

  • Yeah, exactly.

  • So Death Metal is an offshoot, really, of trash metal.

  • Label says Rush Metal is like a minister of Poland and having metal death metal.

  • It takes the more darker and Satanic Opens its has.

  • Um, I'll not s'more slower riffs, I said, makes you sort of slowly stop I'll have to ask one more music question because we have got a lot of requests feel about this, and I want to get off the topic as soon as possible.

  • So we might as well consolidate all into one question.

  • And people have asked if you could tell us any more about how you enjoy the experience of making the golden ratio heavy metal song.

  • And I've also asked if you have any plans for other songs involving any numbers, be they irrational or otherwise.

  • I was so much fun working with their brown on that it's we bought a grit, uh, really played off each other quite well.

  • I would say we were banked on emails back and forth, getting very excited.

  • I would do this.

  • We can introduce this.

  • I wanted to have a least a 19 minute long progressive metal ethic.

  • Fear didn't want to have that.

  • But this year I think I've exhausted the musical side of things.

  • But now maybe I'll come back to it, really when George me here from the future.

  • But for now, I think with the more relax piano piece, more severe piano piece from a few weeks ago, I call it a deer.

  • But no, I think there are more things there.

  • There's a There's a very special musical pace coming for periodic videos, which is chemistry based with day, but we'll keep that secret for a bit longer.

  • But that's gonna be really cool.

  • One other thing.

  • Oh, it's just a little bit more music, all right, You want a?

  • Hopefully that would do in the future.

  • Might be to listen to the music for me, too.

  • Oh, we were, well, do that.

  • We've had some.

  • A lot of people who watch these videos obviously have an interest in science, and some of them are in age where they haven't yet started their career.

  • And they're considering science on dhe.

  • Some people have asked a little bit about what their job prospects are like in the four fields that you work in, and some people have expressed, you know, are they just limited to working at university?

  • Not there was anything wrong with working in the university, but is that is that the limit of what they could do is this is a good time to be getting into particle physics or chemistry or astronomy or nanoscience?

  • Could you just give us a little rundown of how things are placed in your field and why they should or shouldn't be pursuing a career in these areas?

  • Well, I think I would say you shall.

  • You should learn to speak loudly on Then you.

  • You'll be made.

  • What I would say if you enjoy science, do science.

  • Just do it because you enjoy a hostile, been the main reason on then everything else will flow from it.

  • I think your enthusiasm will get you through.

  • Then too many.

  • It'll open up many doors.

  • There are there are many Where's you condemn Vell apps, a physics background you can you can go into research like way have done on dhe.

  • All of the disciplines that were involved in well supports it throughout.

  • Well, they're all international areas that are well funded that, but you don't have to stay in university research.

  • There are lots of fantastic positions in in consultancy companies and major industrial offshoots, even locally that a place disciples rice that, you know, local company, which has gone international reputation.

  • I think the science background is just ideal if you want to, so try and guarantee yourself a job in this climate.

  • But if I'm fascinated by string theory and particle physics of the areas that you work in, and I will get you to lean slightly closer to Martin, so you're in shock a bit better if I'm interested in that.

  • I'm not gonna get a job at Rolls Royce because I know a lot about string theory.

  • Surely the up any job I can do is like what you do.

  • No on, because it's not just that.

  • I mean you, you apply.

  • It's a string theory, of course.

  • You apply your your expertise to that, but what, you're actually solving our equations right off the bat, what we're all doing.

  • At some level, it's solving equations and then using the solutions to represent something in this case string theory, in Mike's case, understanding the dynamics of Galaxy formation.

  • But they're basically solving differential equations and that ability to take a problem from the start and follow it through and sold.

  • It is what an employee is looking for.

  • They're not looking for someone who can particularly, you know, the fact that they've applied it to string theory shouldn't hold them back.

  • If it does, then they're making.

  • They're losing some really good talent that they could pick up.

  • That depresses me a little bit to hear that, to hear that you who's doing what you do and Mike, who does what he does.

  • I just doing the same thing.

  • You just solving the same equations that makes no, no, no, no, no, that's the question.

  • They're not the same.

  • But this is the same idea.

  • Mathematics is the language of physics and in many ways the language of chemistry, that ability to understand rates, a reaction, that use of mathematics.

  • That's the tool that I'm saying.

  • We've all learned to develop, and it's that on our ability to apply it to different situations, which I think an employer would find particular views before we let the physicists have another go man, you tell us where we should all become chemists.

  • Well, I think that chemistry is actually a very exciting time.

  • To be a chemist in Santa weighs more exciting than when I started, because there are all sorts of new opportunities and new challenges, and the biggest challenge is that the world has such a huge population already seven billion people, and it's increasing quite rapidly.

  • It's increased by nearly a factor of three.

  • During my lifetime on, we need to have new ways of making the chemicals that everybody needs.

  • And if we don't, they just won't have the basic necessities of life that we need at the moment.

  • And I think this is a fantastic challenge on dhe.

  • There are huge range of jobs that chemist can do beginning at one end, be teaching at the university or schools going right the way up into all sorts of areas.

  • Companies that make concrete employed chemists.

  • Railways employed chemists to look at the oils that you need to use the lubrication, all sorts of things so you can find jobs almost anywhere is a chemist.

  • You can also find jobs making hair conditioning, care condition and to answer questions that several review post beforehand.

  • No, I don't use hair.

  • Okay, um I mean, I know everything that's been said, particularly the read through the fundamental reason to do science, could you?

  • And that's really the reason to go for it.

  • I don't want to be the person who injects the air of doom and gloom into this, but if you pick an area as useless isn't quite aware that you want to vote for but as abstract as astronomy or particle physics.

  • You gotta go into it with your eyes open.

  • Like they're all huge industries based around particle physics.

  • Astronomy on DSO in those particular areas, the chances are we're not going down the route that edges outline that you studied the subject because you love it.

  • You'll acquire the skills, studying something you love studying.

  • But what you were then ultimately apply to could be anything.

  • But I mean, a big employer of physics.

  • Graduate, for example, is in financial modeling, just something you've already such a physics at all.

  • But it is this having that ability to manipulate quite so.

  • But as they say, if you want, you know, if you're really committed.

  • Actually, you know, I really want to be an astronomer.

  • It's what I really want to do.

  • By all means.

  • Go for it, go for it with your eyes open on.

  • The simple thing to think about is, you know over the course of my career would be supervise about 20 PhD students.

  • There'll be people who will be in a position.

  • Thio take my job when I retire.

  • And so, if you think just incredibly screwed all terms holds terms, that means that you're competing against 19 other people for my job.

  • And so you know, as I said, by all means go for it because you love it because it's gonna help you out in your future life because it's something you really want to find out about.

  • But do it realistic, keeping in mind that actually, you don't want to be thinking, you know, he's actually what the only thing I could do with my life because actually called me because it's a you may well not be the lucky one gets a job, but also because you're throwing away all these are possibilities which will also need to exciting careers and allow you to apply their skills.

  • Yes.

  • Thank you, Mike, for injecting that normal realism again.

  • The booty ASM passion for the salt shaker.

  • Absolutely key butts now loud.

  • Okay, everyone wants you to put will be louder.

  • Okay, So there was a non article on something called Physics World a few months ago, which talked about after PhD what the students do, and this is right across the board in terms of physics.

  • Some of this may be true also depending on which area chemistry, too.

  • Um so on one of the service in that article was they asked PhD students and physics in the U.

  • S.

  • What did they want to do after they finished?

  • Appeared state, 50% said they wanted to get into academia the next most popular answer.

  • Waas.

  • I don't know.

  • Ah nde.

  • When you look over the last couple of decades of how many of them actually make it into academia, Mike's statistic of one and 20 is pretty pretty one there, about 4 to 5%.

  • So But on the other hand, as there has also said, you just have a way re interruptions What I'm organizing a greater gonna plug it.

  • I'm organized.

  • Something called.

  • So you have a PhD in nanoscience?

  • What now?

  • Next?

  • No, it's actually this day week in London.

  • Andi, I'm getting lots of people from different disciplines.

  • You got a PhD in nanoscience physics chemistry on by asking them to tell students and post ox about the research trajectory.

  • Got people from the publishing industry from teaching from NGOs from various charities from industry, of course, from research right across the board from the city.

  • So those Korea's all right there.

  • It's just exceptionally challenging this, Mica said, To really get into much academic professorial how to know, which is, I think quite guilty because it wasn't quite as difficult when I started 15 years ago.

  • I don't get too bogged down on this on this topic, but there is one more question that's come up a lot, and I think it's worth asking.

  • And perhaps this is one I should ask in the first instance to Mike because of a position I know he has.

  • And then to Martin, because of the chemistry perspective and that is, a lot of people have been in touch on the forums and what not because they don't because they're not in the UK They're wondering what their chances are of getting to study at Well, they've asked about the University of Nottingham for obvious reasons, so I guess they mean UK universities.

  • But let's stick with Nottingham and very parochial.

  • Can people who aren't in the UK easily come here and study here easily, still be putting it too strongly?

  • I mean, so the reason I called on to answer this is I'm actually the undergraduate admissions tutor Physics.

  • I kind of deal with all the applications.

  • And so every year we get a fair number of applications from the from students bland and flowers.

  • I can't applications from outside the UK.

  • Every year we take a number of students spoke from within the U and actually from Ward Ward across the world.

  • Um, the majority.

  • The main issue is in terms off the way the UK school system work.

  • People kind of specialized early on, which means the last two years of high school that really been studying just Maxim scientist, they're gonna go on to do a science degree on typically, particularly people from the US, for example, tend to have done a more broad based ah, high school education and that this is a bit of a mismatch, Really.

  • Our advice used to do what you can to get though slightly higher level qualifications in the maths and physics.

  • And then again in the U.

  • S.

  • Context, I mean, he's taking AP second guard replacements where you can just to kind of match yourself more so that you don't have that huge mismatch between the kind of thing that the UK students know we were coming in here and students reward, so there are ways to do it.

  • But the issue tends to be one of How do you match where you've got to do what?

  • The expectations of a British university all every year people succeed in doing it on.

  • I guess the opinion of the other piece of advice is, if you if you do want more information or advice, get in touch with someone like me.

  • Your admission students from other universities way have a lot of experience from student from all around the world on.

  • We could tell you about the particular qualifications over edible Thio, Professor Political said.

  • I think worlds and make said a place also to chemistry on dhe the qualification issues a slightly difference, Um, in general, it is quite possible from students from all over the world to come to noting him, and we have students from nearly every country studying on this campus.

  • And of course, we also have campuses in both China and Malaysia where you can study quite a few subjects.

  • But at the moment, no science subjects.

  • I I think the thing to do is if you're interested in coming to study it, noting him sane people in the mail and we will pass it on to the admissions department and they will answer your question how your qualifications batch up and salt.

  • But generally we really came to get the best possible students working here in Nottingham, and it would be great to see some of you, given your enthusiasm for science that we've seen through your comments.

  • The people watching this video, obviously, that one of the main ways that they're able to interact with you when you're in the videos is through the comments section under the videos, I was wondering if you could shed some light in the usual order.

  • Perhaps to what extent do you read these comments and questions or engage with them?

  • I think people would be interested to know whether or not they're talking to a brick wall.

  • I can tell them they're not talking to a brick wall because I read all the comments, but I'm sure they'll be more interested to know whether or not you guys are interested in the comments that go under YouTube videos.

  • Could perhaps each of you shave you on that I am interested.

  • I must admit I'm rubbish actually addressing them.

  • And I don't tend Thio reply.

  • Whereas I know Martin think Martin doesn't?

  • Phillips said.

  • It does.

  • Um, I don't really have a reason why I I don't I do read the mold on.

  • I found it fascinating.

  • And then I usually enjoy what speed say that, Um, once or twice, I've ended up just bursting out Nothing.

  • When I was one said, I got a piece of advice for the first speaker on the video, and that was me.

  • And he said, If you get your two back teeth moved, then it will leave room for the front teeth to realign.

  • And so you know that they become ends ranging all souls, and occasionally I get a bit nervous.

  • If I started there answering, then I'll end up in a big discussion that could just go nowhere.

  • And so I tend not to.

  • But I do find them.

  • I do enjoy reading.

  • I read most of the comments on their bean some, for example, in Japanese that they couldn't really, but in general they read them.

  • I used to answer them quite a lot for the moment I forgot my YouTube password, so I can't.

  • So I got to look in again under a different name or press this thing forgot your password.

  • But your comments are really important to us because other ways we have no feedback when he wants you.

  • Like what you don't like on DDE.

  • What more things you want to explain.

  • So please keep on commenting and, if anything, comment more than you are now because it's really good and is particularly good when discussions stop between different people.

  • True, one person trying to explain something to some feels, and I think this is what's the real strength of our videos.

  • And if you look at them, the number of comments has really increased over time.

  • To begin with, we got quite excited If we got 30 or 40 prom, it's now we get disappointed if we don't have 34 comments in the first hour.

  • So I used not to read them for the reason that I used not to watch videos because I used to hate what seeing myself on video so much for many for the first year.

  • Or they're loud enough for you for about the first year I didn't really didn't look at the comments to watch the video.

  • Uh, well, probably.

  • Anyway, So now I am under protest, willing to watch the videos, which means is easier to read the comments now on.

  • I do read the comments, buddy, for the exactly the reason that much is that that is the way we get the feedback as the well, what's working, what's not working, what we explain.

  • Well, but actually also because I find it's a really good place that when I'm thinking, what could we make a video about?

  • Next go looking at the comments and seeing what Scott people confused or arguing about points just makes me start thinking about this whole thing about speed of light, for example.

  • This is, well, come out there.

  • It's comments of the YouTube videos on the extensive discussion off It s O.

  • I like using them to find out what we might want to make a video of that next Lined s Oh, yeah, I do read the comments.

  • And as Brady knows, I get stock and occasionally and answer some of those comments.

  • I find it relaxing because there's nothing I like more times as my knows that a good, solid arguments.

  • But, yeah, the great thing about the comments, it's much like the comments and student questionnaires after lectures that they can tell you.

  • You know what you're doing, what you're doing wrong.

  • You can try and I am not.

  • The edge is one thing.

  • I can never I don't because I just can't stop.

  • Stand still on doing these videos on Dhe.

  • I guess one of them, my favorite comments was under that golden measure of somewhere in big block capitals is What the hell is this?

  • This is horrible on subscribe.

  • So you know, that's That's a huge solid reaction.

  • I would like to say, you know, instruments somebody that that saw that extent with in disgust.

  • They don't just to clarify, we don't want We don't like it when you unsubscribe way, prefer it when you are subscribed, just say lots of planets a go.

  • She stands a shaky.

  • I hope he's not you.

  • So I would like to say that my hands have always shaken since I was quite yeah, and I'm not ill, But I'm really pleased with your concern, but there's no need to do that.

  • You have a comment about the science rather than my shaking hands on that point.

  • Yes, I, um, Sherlock Holmes, archenemy way did get a few questions about that.

  • Feel how often we were specifically asked, How often do you get the Sherlock Holmes thing?

  • It's remarkable.

  • So on YouTube, quite a lot.

  • But what was very interesting is 10 years ago, the students, you undergrad students here didn't pick up on it.

  • A tall and then suddenly Holmes come back into vogue basically, and now I get it quite a lot.

  • Diabolical tendencies of the most hereditary kind way also have a professor snake.

  • But this university way won't discuss him today from tthe e.

  • I wasn't gonna ask this question, but I think maybe I should know.

  • After a little bit of the banter, that last question and someone asked, Who would win a fight between you four.

  • Physical?

  • What do you know who would win a fight way?

  • Martin outnumbered.

  • But you see, I can cause explosions.

  • Thesis is, can't unless its nuclear way.

  • And another question more silly question.

  • That was us.

  • But I'm always fascinated to hear the answer is if you could have a superpower, what super power.

  • Would you liketo have.

  • We'll start with you.

  • I know you had this look on your face that you didn't want to be asked for us, but I have to stick with the tradition.

  • That has to be a benefit to go first.

  • I was asked this question when there was a child, and the answer I get gave was that I wish they could be any food without complaining.

  • And I almost got to that stage, eh?

  • So you're almost a superhero.

  • I think I'm gonna have to go with the flying as well.

  • Actually, I'm afraid so.

  • Be very unoriginal about I mean, you know, once in a while just hanging out there in the sky, tickle No, no, no, no flying around a lights.

  • But you do anything but just hanging there.

  • Inability to creep back in the house for blocking the way after being in the love you've been in the leg.

  • Okay.

  • Three ability to move more quietly.

  • Another question.

  • This is a question from May how we got time we're doing this'd a question that I just find curious and I'd like to hear what each of you say about it.

  • You will have lived long enough to have seen advances in your fields on That must be an exciting thing when you think about what was known when you were students and now you look at what you know.

  • Now, to what extent does it frustrate you or not frustrate you that you won't know about the future advances, those advances that are gonna happen in 70 or 80 years beyond your beyond your range of immortality?

  • Is that Is that something you're comfortable with or just eat you up inside?

  • No, I'm comfortable with it.

  • I think, No, it's partly because we've we've I think we've all joined into the club of science, which is, you know, it progresses.

  • It just Roaches forward.

  • And well, of course, as it's our pick up here and there.

  • But we're all trying to learn off from previous knowledge and extend it on, given that the fact that we're not going to know what Yeah, 17.

  • Well, you know, probably not 70 years, but I had No, it doesn't Doesn't bother me too much.

  • It doesn't.

  • I have a little story that might make it sort of links to this and in a sense of one of the first talks I heard when I was a graduate student at Newcastle waas them from the Nobel Prize winner.

  • Hey wanted.

  • What's his name?

  • The chemist never commits the fist system.

  • And so nevel lot.

  • That's so He was the eldest, this person to get the Nobel Prize for physics for work done when he was in his sixties, I think.

  • Ah, nde.

  • So we asked him a question.

  • He talked about the time.

  • Yet he asked Hold Iraq if he would teach him quantum mechanics because he was old enough to know Paul Dirac and call Dr Just said no and walked off.

  • And so we have to teach himself quantum mechanics.

  • And then we said to him, Do you think the problems that you were dealing with a more difficult than the problems we're facing?

  • Ondas PhD students.

  • And he said no.

  • They were far easier, he says.

  • The problems just get harder and harder and harder, and so that that is the nature of the subject.

  • They think the easiest stuff gets done before it still needs the wonderful breakthroughs, but so that I was that Newton guy.

  • He was just picking on the low hanging fruit was.

  • I sometimes wonder what is juicy.

  • STD results Professor Polyakov.

  • So I disagree.

  • I think that the question the problems are always the same degree of difficulty, but they're different.

  • I don't think I would be disappointed to know what's going to happen in the future.

  • I'd be quite excited and then what's gonna happen next week, let alone what's going to happen.

  • But I think certainly by far the most exciting development, from my point of view in science in my lifetime has been the fact that people can image atoms.

  • When I was young, we were told you could never see atoms that can be invisible and then using various standing my cross to be the sort of thing that filled as routinely, you can now see the individual atoms in a way that nobody would have Bean thought possible on Dhe.

  • It's been really quite exciting to see that molecules have the shapes that people or those molecules that being imaged, have shakes that people said they had on.

  • It's been quite a reassuring confirmation of what we know, and I'm sure they're gonna be similar breakthroughs in the future that we can't imagine.

  • And that's what makes science exciting, you know?

  • I mean, this sort of the implication in this is that the level of frustration will go down.

  • I just had that next bit right.

  • Well, I have a feeling that the next bit he's just gonna raise many more questions on the number, you know?

  • And so when you're making your videos 50 years time, you could be asking exactly the same question.

  • And in fact, you know, although scientists keep going on about a theory of everything that you know in science, we figured Well, I hope you don't, because it would mean that the subject day, it means we've done with the stuff we've reached the end of the line, and I honestly don't think that's the way it's gonna work out.

  • But actually, they're always deeper questions to ask.

  • And I suspect, you know, at any point in history you could ask question.

  • You just asked him, and we will just get all bit of it.

  • You get this evening.

  • Do you?

  • Science?

  • I suspect 1 40 years that scientists were pretty much as exciting as another man besides way.

  • Yeah, I'm gonna be really disappointed.

  • I think not to know before I die the problem or the solution of the problem That's at the heart of quantum mechanics, which is what really is a wave function entitlement.

  • If you take two particles and you mix them up together in states and want one in the universe a universe, you make a measurement on this one.

  • Sorry, Brady, this one responds.

  • Instantaneous.

  • That hole, the whole issue of entanglement.

  • I think it's for me.

  • This one of the central problems, along with what they had dark matter and dark energy is.

  • And you know, that would be very, very American.

  • To think that it's just a question of dotting I's and Crossing T's is up the mastermind.

  • So, yeah, I'd love to be around when It's not about a grand unified theory, but an understanding really of the essence of quantum mechanics.

  • That's what I'm looking forward to it.

  • I'll ask a final final question that is quite similar to what Phil was just saying.

  • But it's a question a few people asked, and I think it's a good way to perhaps end, and that is in your specific fields not been to general in your specific fields.

  • What is the discovery or the kind of the Holy Grail or the eureka moment?

  • That's feasible kind of in your professional life time that you're really excited about hearing or seeing are happening.

  • If, um may, there's a possibility that the plank satellites, or maybe one of the gravitational wave detectors, will see direct evidence of gravitational waves off which you can best based on that, you can then say something quite fundamental about the theories of the early universe, in particular the theories that describe things like the inflationary universe.

  • How structures emerged from the initial seats on DDE, that direct detection of the of the what's known as the 10th Some boats is feasible.

  • It all depends upon the underlying theory.

  • If the underlying theory is good to know good to us, then it will detect something on.

  • We'll know next year, and if it's not, if it's decided, the tents and miles they're going to be so small we're not going to see them, and suddenly it's gonna be out of reach.

  • So that is something that if they're seen, it will have a major impact on this subject.

  • So I think, in chemistry, the real challenge is to design molecules that have particular properties before you make them chemist.

  • No can make molecules of particular shapes without any difficulty.

  • Give me excuse to show my model.

  • Give it to squeak because the physicists like such toys.

  • Way What?

  • We can't do it the moment he's has to say, I want to make molecule that has this particular properties.

  • We have to make the molecule, which we hope will have the right properties an

Well, that sounds probably when the that probably means people of appearing all right.

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