I'm gonna show you two more bits of maths from Futurama.

There's an episode called The Da Vinci Code, where the Planet Express crew are investigating a mystery around the Last Supper.

They think there may be a robot sat around the table is one of the apostles.

And so they go to a future Roma, as they call it on Dhe There in a crypt on they find this, too, with this mysterious Roman number on It was not a number on bits.

Not a date, either.

Really?

It looks more like a Roman mathematical equation.

Look at these Roman numerals.

So to understand what this is all about, we need to look at mess send numbers.

I'm sure miss send numbers have cropped up previously on number five.

But just to remind you, um, Ascend number father send was Parisian monk who would correspond with lots of other mathematicians.

And he came up with this number which is of the form two to the power P minus one, where piers prime.

And so let's put in some prime numbers to the power to minus one is four months.

One is three.

Let's put in another prime number.

Two's power three minus one is eight months, 27 to to power four.

We're not interested in cause that's not a prime, but five minus one is 8 16 32 That would be 31 if we take away the one to fire six.

We're not interested.

In seven is a prime 32 6428.

That's 100 27.

Next prime is to to the 11.

Now, one thing you'll notice about these 23 11 minus one.

So that is two for 8 16 32 64 1 28 to 56 5 12,024 2048 minus one is 2000 and 47.

So these are called Mayor sent numbers.

Okay.

Ah, nde.

We put in a prime here and bang at the other end.

We get a prime, a prime, a prime at a pride.

Um, this one.

Okay, this is a bit tricky, actually, This one, it's hard to tell whether on it's a prime, but at first sight, this seems to be a pretty good way of generating primed and actually is a very good way of generating primes.

But it's not foolproof.

And in fact, the first number.

The first mess said number that's not a prime.

Is this one here?

2047 Because 2047 equals.

Let me have a look at it from memory 23 times 89.

Okay, so this mess said number is not another cent.

Prime on this equation is kind of embedded up here because if we translate from these Roman numerals, what we've got is to to the power 11 minus in brackets 10 23 multiplied by 50 60 70 80 90 minus one is 89 okay.

And chief's power 11 we know is 2048.

We know that this is 2047 to this minus.

This equals one.

So what we've got is is the kind of a mess send number here, which is not a mess and prime, which is why it's kind of a little bit interesting encoded on this, too.

In this tomb in future.

Roma in future Rama in Roman numeral.

So that's one of the things that if you're watching the episode, you can't.

It's a funny story.

It's an interesting story.

Typical future armor.

But hidden within it is this weird mathematical reference, which he'd only get if you pause it.

Freeze, frame it unpacked the mass.

And then you figure out what's happening.

Ha.

Markings indicate how many paces we need to take one.

Okay, were there.

They love maths, and they're not mathematicians anymore on.

But this is just their way of expressing that love of math.

I'm not super familiar with how animation shows a maid, but I've seen bits and pieces, and I know these guys are obviously sitting and writing scripts in the writer's room.

Other people actually do the drawings and the animations.

This is not Jemaine to the story in any way.

So did they just put like a note in there saying, If there's a gravestone, make sure you put this number on the side.

Or how do they communicate?

No, no, they do.

They write in detail.

The thing is, this is every aspect of what we want in the scene.

I remember the very one of the very, very, very first episode of The Simpsons.

First kind of really upset and symptoms there was a joke about calculus on.

They get it wrong on the blackboard.

The maths is actually not correct, and I think that was an example where they scribbled out a math.

They sent it off to be animated on Dhe.

Whoever was doing the animation didn't really appreciate how important the mathematical detail was and is an error.

But I think ever since then they've been very careful with what their mathematical instructions are.

Very, very careful to check them afterwards as well, no doubt in an episode called the Honking, where the future armor crew go off to a spooky castle for the reading of a will on it's all a bit scary and they're walking through this castle and then suddenly blood appears on the war.

0101100101 Okay, so final sequence in blood, it's on the wall all a bit scary.

So let's find out what the spinal sequences in decimal.

We got it.

1248 16 32 64 1 28 to 56.

Okay, if we add these up about 513 57.

Okay, that equals 357 357 is not a particularly interesting number.

As far as I know it doesn't scream at is being a perfect number or worse end prime or any of those interesting numbers we come across sometimes.

But in Bender, the robot turns around and he sees the number reflected in a mirror as the buying new digits are switched around.

So let's have a look at this binary sequence.

Now, if we reverse the digits, we now have a 10 10011010 Okay, So we can I translate that binary sequence back into decimal?

We're going to know four's We've got 8 16 32 64 with 1 28 No.

2 56 is on a 5 12 two and 8 10 10 16 26 26 1 2154 1 54 and 5 12 is 666 The number of the devil, the number of the beast as a bender.

He's just completely terrified.

And he runs away screaming, What's your one year?

01101 But why so much love about this is it is never explained why Bender is so terrified.

The only way that you the viewer will ever understand what's happening is if you, the viewer while you're watching it, can do the Bindi two decimal translation in your head on the fly in half a second.

Otherwise, it doesn't make any sense.

So that's the level of mathematical kind of trivial.

It's kind of embedded in this program.

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