Adventure VII. THE ADVENTURE OF THE BLUE CARBUNCLE

I had called upon my friend Sherlock Holmes upon the second morning after Christmas,

with the intention of wishing him the compliments of the season.

He was lounging upon the sofa in a purple dressing-gown, a pipe-rack within his reach

upon the right, and a pile of crumpled morning papers, evidently newly studied,

near at hand.

Beside the couch was a wooden chair, and on the angle of the back hung a very seedy and

disreputable hard-felt hat, much the worse for wear, and cracked in several places.

A lens and a forceps lying upon the seat of the chair suggested that the hat had been

suspended in this manner for the purpose of examination.

"You are engaged," said I; "perhaps I interrupt you."

"Not at all. I am glad to have a friend with whom I can

discuss my results.

The matter is a perfectly trivial one"--he jerked his thumb in the direction of the

old hat--"but there are points in connection with it which are not entirely

devoid of interest and even of instruction."

I seated myself in his armchair and warmed my hands before his crackling fire, for a

sharp frost had set in, and the windows were thick with the ice crystals.

"I suppose," I remarked, "that, homely as it looks, this thing has some deadly story

linked on to it--that it is the clue which will guide you in the solution of some

mystery and the punishment of some crime."

"No, no. No crime," said Sherlock Holmes, laughing.

"Only one of those whimsical little incidents which will happen when you have

four million human beings all jostling each other within the space of a few square

miles.

Amid the action and reaction of so dense a swarm of humanity, every possible

combination of events may be expected to take place, and many a little problem will

be presented which may be striking and bizarre without being criminal.

We have already had experience of such."

"So much so," I remarked, "that of the last six cases which I have added to my notes,

three have been entirely free of any legal crime."

"Precisely.

You allude to my attempt to recover the Irene Adler papers, to the singular case of

Miss Mary Sutherland, and to the adventure of the man with the twisted lip.

Well, I have no doubt that this small matter will fall into the same innocent

category. You know Peterson, the commissionaire?"

"Yes."

"It is to him that this trophy belongs." "It is his hat."

"No, no, he found it. Its owner is unknown.

I beg that you will look upon it not as a battered billycock but as an intellectual

problem. And, first, as to how it came here.

It arrived upon Christmas morning, in company with a good fat goose, which is, I

have no doubt, roasting at this moment in front of Peterson's fire.

The facts are these: about four o'clock on Christmas morning, Peterson, who, as you

know, is a very honest fellow, was returning from some small jollification and

was making his way homeward down Tottenham Court Road.

In front of him he saw, in the gaslight, a tallish man, walking with a slight stagger,

and carrying a white goose slung over his shoulder.

As he reached the corner of Goodge Street, a row broke out between this stranger and a

little knot of roughs.

One of the latter knocked off the man's hat, on which he raised his stick to defend

himself and, swinging it over his head, smashed the shop window behind him.

Peterson had rushed forward to protect the stranger from his assailants; but the man,

shocked at having broken the window, and seeing an official-looking person in

uniform rushing towards him, dropped his

goose, took to his heels, and vanished amid the labyrinth of small streets which lie at

the back of Tottenham Court Road.

The roughs had also fled at the appearance of Peterson, so that he was left in

possession of the field of battle, and also of the spoils of victory in the shape of

this battered hat and a most unimpeachable Christmas goose."

"Which surely he restored to their owner?" "My dear fellow, there lies the problem.

It is true that 'For Mrs. Henry Baker' was printed upon a small card which was tied to

the bird's left leg, and it is also true that the initials 'H. B.' are legible upon

the lining of this hat, but as there are

some thousands of Bakers, and some hundreds of Henry Bakers in this city of ours, it is

not easy to restore lost property to any one of them."

"What, then, did Peterson do?"

"He brought round both hat and goose to me on Christmas morning, knowing that even the

smallest problems are of interest to me.

The goose we retained until this morning, when there were signs that, in spite of the

slight frost, it would be well that it should be eaten without unnecessary delay.

Its finder has carried it off, therefore, to fulfil the ultimate destiny of a goose,

while I continue to retain the hat of the unknown gentleman who lost his Christmas

dinner."

"Did he not advertise?" "No."

"Then, what clue could you have as to his identity?"

"Only as much as we can deduce."

"From his hat?" "Precisely."

"But you are joking. What can you gather from this old battered

felt?"

"Here is my lens. You know my methods.

What can you gather yourself as to the individuality of the man who has worn this

article?"

I took the tattered object in my hands and turned it over rather ruefully.

It was a very ordinary black hat of the usual round shape, hard and much the worse

for wear.

The lining had been of red silk, but was a good deal discoloured.

There was no maker's name; but, as Holmes had remarked, the initials "H. B." were

scrawled upon one side.

It was pierced in the brim for a hat- securer, but the elastic was missing.

For the rest, it was cracked, exceedingly dusty, and spotted in several places,

although there seemed to have been some attempt to hide the discoloured patches by

smearing them with ink.

"I can see nothing," said I, handing it back to my friend.

"On the contrary, Watson, you can see everything.

You fail, however, to reason from what you see.

You are too timid in drawing your inferences."

"Then, pray tell me what it is that you can infer from this hat?"

He picked it up and gazed at it in the peculiar introspective fashion which was

characteristic of him.

"It is perhaps less suggestive than it might have been," he remarked, "and yet

there are a few inferences which are very distinct, and a few others which represent

at least a strong balance of probability.

That the man was highly intellectual is of course obvious upon the face of it, and

also that he was fairly well-to-do within the last three years, although he has now

fallen upon evil days.

He had foresight, but has less now than formerly, pointing to a moral

retrogression, which, when taken with the decline of his fortunes, seems to indicate

some evil influence, probably drink, at work upon him.

This may account also for the obvious fact that his wife has ceased to love him."

"My dear Holmes!"

"He has, however, retained some degree of self-respect," he continued, disregarding

my remonstrance.

"He is a man who leads a sedentary life, goes out little, is out of training

entirely, is middle-aged, has grizzled hair which he has had cut within the last few

days, and which he anoints with lime-cream.

These are the more patent facts which are to be deduced from his hat.

Also, by the way, that it is extremely improbable that he has gas laid on in his

house."

"You are certainly joking, Holmes." "Not in the least.

Is it possible that even now, when I give you these results, you are unable to see

how they are attained?"

"I have no doubt that I am very stupid, but I must confess that I am unable to follow

you. For example, how did you deduce that this

man was intellectual?"

For answer Holmes clapped the hat upon his head.

It came right over the forehead and settled upon the bridge of his nose.

"It is a question of cubic capacity," said he; "a man with so large a brain must have

something in it." "The decline of his fortunes, then?"

"This hat is three years old.

These flat brims curled at the edge came in then.

It is a hat of the very best quality. Look at the band of ribbed silk and the

excellent lining.

If this man could afford to buy so expensive a hat three years ago, and has

had no hat since, then he has assuredly gone down in the world."

"Well, that is clear enough, certainly.

But how about the foresight and the moral retrogression?"

Sherlock Holmes laughed.

"Here is the foresight," said he putting his finger upon the little disc and loop of

the hat-securer. "They are never sold upon hats.

If this man ordered one, it is a sign of a certain amount of foresight, since he went

out of his way to take this precaution against the wind.

But since we see that he has broken the elastic and has not troubled to replace it,

it is obvious that he has less foresight now than formerly, which is a distinct

proof of a weakening nature.

On the other hand, he has endeavoured to conceal some of these stains upon the felt

by daubing them with ink, which is a sign that he has not entirely lost his self-

respect."

"Your reasoning is certainly plausible."

"The further points, that he is middle- aged, that his hair is grizzled, that it

has been recently cut, and that he uses lime-cream, are all to be gathered from a

close examination of the lower part of the lining.

The lens discloses a large number of hair- ends, clean cut by the scissors of the

barber.

They all appear to be adhesive, and there is a distinct odour of lime-cream.

This dust, you will observe, is not the gritty, grey dust of the street but the

fluffy brown dust of the house, showing that it has been hung up indoors most of

the time, while the marks of moisture upon

the inside are proof positive that the wearer perspired very freely, and could

therefore, hardly be in the best of training."

"But his wife--you said that she had ceased to love him."

"This hat has not been brushed for weeks.

When I see you, my dear Watson, with a week's accumulation of dust upon your hat,

and when your wife allows you to go out in such a state, I shall fear that you also

have been unfortunate enough to lose your wife's affection."

"But he might be a bachelor." "Nay, he was bringing home the goose as a

peace-offering to his wife.

Remember the card upon the bird's leg." "You have an answer to everything.

But how on earth do you deduce that the gas is not laid on in his house?"

"One tallow stain, or even two, might come by chance; but when I see no less than

five, I think that there can be little doubt that the individual must be brought

into frequent contact with burning tallow--

walks upstairs at night probably with his hat in one hand and a guttering candle in

the other. Anyhow, he never got tallow-stains from a

gas-jet.

Are you satisfied?"

"Well, it is very ingenious," said I, laughing; "but since, as you said just now,

there has been no crime committed, and no harm done save the loss of a goose, all

this seems to be rather a waste of energy."

Sherlock Holmes had opened his mouth to reply, when the door flew open, and

Peterson, the commissionaire, rushed into the apartment with flushed cheeks and the

face of a man who is dazed with astonishment.

"The goose, Mr. Holmes! The goose, sir!" he gasped.

"Eh?

What of it, then? Has it returned to life and flapped off

through the kitchen window?"

Holmes twisted himself round upon the sofa to get a fairer view of the man's excited

face. "See here, sir!

See what my wife found in its crop!"

He held out his hand and displayed upon the centre of the palm a brilliantly

scintillating blue stone, rather smaller than a bean in size, but of such purity and

radiance that it twinkled like an electric point in the dark hollow of his hand.

Sherlock Holmes sat up with a whistle. "By Jove, Peterson!" said he, "this is

treasure trove indeed.

I suppose you know what you have got?" "A diamond, sir?

A precious stone. It cuts into glass as though it were

putty."

"It's more than a precious stone. It is the precious stone."

"Not the Countess of Morcar's blue carbuncle!"

I ejaculated.

"Precisely so. I ought to know its size and shape, seeing

that I have read the advertisement about it in The Times every day lately.

It is absolutely unique, and its value can only be conjectured, but the reward offered

of 1000 pounds is certainly not within a twentieth part of the market price."

"A thousand pounds!

Great Lord of mercy!" The commissionaire plumped down into a

chair and stared from one to the other of us.

"That is the reward, and I have reason to know that there are sentimental

considerations in the background which would induce the Countess to part with half

her fortune if she could but recover the gem."

"It was lost, if I remember aright, at the Hotel Cosmopolitan," I remarked.

"Precisely so, on December 22nd, just five days ago.

John Horner, a plumber, was accused of having abstracted it from the lady's jewel-

case.

The evidence against him was so strong that the case has been referred to the Assizes.

I have some account of the matter here, I believe."

He rummaged amid his newspapers, glancing over the dates, until at last he smoothed

one out, doubled it over, and read the following paragraph:

"Hotel Cosmopolitan Jewel Robbery.

John Horner, 26, plumber, was brought up upon the charge of having upon the 22nd

inst., abstracted from the jewel-case of the Countess of Morcar the valuable gem

known as the blue carbuncle.

James Ryder, upper-attendant at the hotel, gave his evidence to the effect that he had

shown Horner up to the dressing-room of the Countess of Morcar upon the day of the

robbery in order that he might solder the second bar of the grate, which was loose.

He had remained with Horner some little time, but had finally been called away.