Subtitles section Play video
-
Russia has always had a reputation for illicit international activity, from sleeper cells
-
to mysterious numbers stations to outright brazen assassination.
-
If you annoy a Russian political leader enough, you have a decent chance of “accidentally”
-
falling out a window and onto some live bullets.
-
You may have heard of Russian agents of death coming in forms as strange and innocuous as
-
a poison-tipped umbrella, but what about a simple, innocent cup of tea?
-
You're about to hear a story about a high-profile assassination, a deadly and mysterious poison,
-
and one of the most bizarre criminal investigations known to history – a man solving his own
-
murder before he even died.
-
How could a story this fantastical have possibly happened?
-
Let's take a look and find out.
-
Imagine yourself on a normal November day in London, England.
-
You have a decent, uneventful morning.
-
A simple breakfast at home, perhaps a walk outside in the crisp fall air.
-
You have a lunch meeting at a sushi restaurant, then, later, head over to the Millennium Hotel
-
for yet another meeting at the Pine Bar.
-
You decline the bartender's offer to order a drink – after all, you don't drink alcohol
-
– and sit down to speak with the two men you have arranged to meet.
-
They seem distracted, sullen even, but blame the behavior on a long flight into the country.
-
They have a pot of tea at the table when you arrive, and offer some of the remaining tea
-
to you.
-
You drink several sips, but are put off by the bitter taste and decline to finish the
-
cup.
-
The men bid you farewell, and you all go your separate ways.
-
Seventeen days later, you are lying in a hospital bed in severe pain.
-
You experienced intense diarrhea and vomiting and even lost the ability to walk without
-
help before you asked your wife to call you an ambulance.
-
The doctors have diagnosed you with thallium poisoning.
-
However, your symptoms do not completely align with a case of thallium poisoning.
-
You have damage to your bone marrow and gut that is consistent with thallium poisoning,
-
but lack the presence of peripheral neuropathy – pain and numbness in the fingers and feet
-
– a key indicator of this ailment.
-
The doctors are baffled by your case, and the British police are just as confused by
-
your condition and apparent poisoning.
-
Only you have an idea of what could have happened.
-
You believe that you have been assassinated, and you are correct.
-
Soon, with the help of authorities, you will solve your own murder from your hospital bed.
-
This is exactly what happened to Alexander Litvinenko in November of 2006, and it is
-
just the tip of the deadly iceberg.
-
Alexander Litvinenko was a former member of the Russian Federal Security Service who fled
-
Russia to seek political asylum in the United Kingdom, which he was granted.
-
He was a vocal critic of Vladimir Putin, and referred to his rise to power as a “coup”,
-
drawing a great deal of negative attention from Putin.
-
He left Russia in 2000, and in 2003 he began working with MI6 as an agent and an expert
-
on organized crime in Russia.
-
He provided MI6 with intelligence about the Russian mafia presence in Spain.
-
This activity likely reached officials within the Russian government, who were already not
-
great fans of Litvinenko, and who had close ties with the Russian mafia.
-
In the weeks leading up to his assassination, there was a plan in place for Litvinenko to
-
testify before a Spanish prosecutor about the influence of the Russian mafia.
-
This is likely what placed a target on his back, and led to his assassination at the
-
hands of Andrei Lugovoi and Dmitry Kovtun.
-
They poisoned Litvinenko, not with thallium as his doctors initially thought, but with
-
polonium-210, a rare, deadly, nearly undetectable radioactive isotope.
-
Before we learn more about Alexander Litvinenko's assassination, and how he solved it, we must
-
discuss polonium-210 and what it does to the human body.
-
Polonium is one of the rarest elements in the world, rightfully referred to by Kovtun
-
as “a very expensive poison.”
-
It was first discovered by Marie and Pierre Curie in 1898.
-
Polonium is so toxic to the human body that a fatal dose would only need to be about the
-
size of a speck of dust.
-
That is all that it would take.
-
Once a person has ingested the polonium, radiation poisoning begins to set in.
-
Nausea, hair loss, swelling of the throat, and the breakdown of the immune system are
-
all symptoms of exposure to polonium.
-
After long enough, it causes organ failure and seeps into the bone marrow.
-
Eventually, it causes cardiac arrest and death.
-
Not only is it deadly, but polonium is very difficult to detect, making it a perfect murder
-
weapon.
-
Litvinenko's doctors only determined a correct diagnosis of polonium-210 poisoning by testing
-
his urine for the isotope on the day of his death.
-
By then, of course, it was much too late.
-
However, before he died, Litvinenko was able to aid in the investigation into his own murder.
-
Very few people get the opportunity to solve their death before it happens, but Alexander
-
Litvinenko was a brilliant man who understood that there were many people out there who
-
wanted to kill him.
-
He also knew that, if he had been assassinated, there were only three men that could have
-
done it.
-
He met with three men on the day that he was poisoned, and it had to be one of them.
-
First, he met with an Italian associate of his, Mario Scaramella, for lunch.
-
After lunch, he met with Lugovoi and Kovtun at the Millennium hotel.
-
Litvinenko described this meeting in detail to Detective Inspector Brent Hyatt of Scotland
-
Yard in an interview.
-
He was greeted by Lugovoi upon entering the Pine Bar.
-
Lugovoi then led him to a table that was already covered with mugs and a pot of tea.
-
Litvinenko did not drink alcohol, so the two men did not attempt to ply him with something
-
stronger than the tea on the table.
-
Then, Lugovoi told Litvinenko that he was leaving, and there was tea left in the pot
-
if he wanted to drink it.
-
Litvinenko poured himself some tea from the pot and drank it.
-
In his account, Litvinenko told Hyatt that he had only a few sips, and that the tea tasted
-
off to him.
-
He also noticed that Lugovoi did not drink any tea while sitting at the table.
-
They were then joined by Kovtun.
-
Litvinenko knew, even as he was leaving the hotel, that something was off about the meeting.
-
He told DI Hyatt, “Later on, when I left the hotel, I was thinking there was something
-
strange.
-
I had been feeling all the time, I knew that they wanted to kill me.”
-
Litvinenko made for an excellent witness, even as he lay dying in the hospital from
-
an as-yet-unknown poison.
-
He gave 18 interviews to the detectives assigned to his case, spanning a total of nearly nine
-
hours.
-
His experience with investigations gave him a great memory, and he pointed the detectives
-
in the direction of Lugovoi and Kovtun.
-
He gave the police his email, his bank account, and a full account of his history with the
-
Russian Federal Security service, as well as explaining why these men might want him
-
dead.
-
With his help, the police began to piece together a clearer picture of what happened to Alexander
-
Litvinenko on November 1, 2006, at the Millennium Hotel.
-
The investigation uncovered information that indicated that, contrary to what was believed,
-
November 1 was not the first attempted assassination of Litvinenko.
-
A radiation stain was found in a cup leftover from a business meeting between Lugovoi and
-
Litvinenko in October, but, because Litvinenko did not drink any of the liquid in this cup,
-
this attempt was unsuccessful.
-
So, the fateful Millennium Hotel meeting was set up.
-
Lugovoi told detectives that he arrived at the hotel for the meeting at 4 PM.
-
However, when CCTV footage was checked, it was revealed that he arrived at 3:32 PM, a
-
half hour earlier than reported.
-
He disappeared into the men's bathroom, then emerged.
-
At 3:45 PM, Kovtun arrived at the hotel and did the same.
-
Later tests showed a massive amount of radiation contamination in one of the bathroom stalls,
-
as well as under the bathroom's hand dryer.
-
These readings were so high that they were off the scale, indicating that Kovtun and
-
Lugovoi were likely preparing the polonium in the restroom somehow.
-
At the very least, they had polonium on their hands when they went into the restroom, and
-
it could not have come from anyone else at the hotel.
-
Litvinenko never went to the hotel bathroom while there, so he could not be the source
-
of the polonium contamination found inside.
-
When Litvinenko arrived, the pot of tea was already on the table, and his fate was already
-
sealed.
-
It is not certain which man put the polonium in the teapot, but, whoever did, the tea was
-
contaminated, and the few sips that Litvinenko took before giving up on the unpleasant-tasting
-
tea were enough to kill him.
-
When the forensics team investigated the Pine Bar, checking tables, cups, spoons, saucers,
-
teapots, and milk jugs, they found the teapot that Litvenenko was served from.
-
Lugovoi and Kovtun clearly didn't care if their assassination attempt put others in
-
harm's way, as the polonium was spread throughout the kitchen and dozens of unsuspecting people
-
exposed.
-
Polonium contamination was found in the bar's dishwasher, the floor, an ice cream scoop,
-
a chopping block, chairs, and the piano stool.
-
However, as dangerous as it is, polonium's tendency to stick around on items and provide
-
detectable radiation readings allowed the police to connect it back to Lugovoi and Kovtun.
-
The teapot that Litvinenko drank from gave off a reading of 100,000 becquerels of polonium,
-
and the table where the three men sat indicated radiation levels of 20,000 becquerels, or
-
twice the strength it would take to kill a person if ingested.
-
Even more damning than the evidence found in the bar, however, was the evidence found
-
in Kovtun's hotel room, room 382.
-
While the room was being investigated, the forensics team took apart the bathroom sink.
-
Inside, in the sink's waste pipe, they found a strange clump that tested for 390,000 becquerels
-
of polonium.
-
This clump had to have come into direct contact with the polonium itself, rather than just
-
traces of it.
-
With this information, the picture came into sharp focus.
-
After the meeting with Litvinenko, Kovtun went to his hotel room and dumped the rest
-
of the polonium down his bathroom sink, hoping to dispose of the murder weapon once and for
-
all.
-
However, in spite of this damning evidence, Kovtun and Lugovoi were already back in Russia
-
and out of the reach of the British justice system.
-
Though Lugovoi and Kovtun were directly responsible for his death, Litvinenko blamed another,
-
loftier figure for the decision to have him killed.
-
He named Putin in his final statement before his death, saying: “…this may be the time
-
to say one or two things to the person responsible for my present condition.
-
You may succeed in silencing me but that silence comes at a price.
-
You have shown yourself to be as barbaric and ruthless as your most hostile critics
-
have claimed.
-
You have shown yourself to have no respect for life, liberty or any civilized value.
-
You have shown yourself to be unworthy of your office, to be unworthy of the trust of
-
civilized men and women.
-
You may succeed in silencing one man but the howl of protest from around the world will
-
reverberate, Mr. Putin, in your ears for the rest of your life.
-
May God forgive you for what you have done, not only to me but to beloved Russia and its
-
people.”
-
He also agreed to have his photograph taken as he sat in bed, bald and gaunt from radiation
-
poisoning, so that the world could see what was done to him for the mere act of speaking
-
up and speaking out.
-
Even as he was sick, weakened from the poison, he stared defiantly down the lens of the camera,
-
strong until the end.
-
The image circulated around the world, accompanying his story and his message.
-
While the British police named Kovtun and Lugovoi as prime suspects in the murder of
-
Litvinenko, they have not been able to extradite them from Russia.
-
Both men deny their involvement in Litvinenko's death, but Litvinenko's account of events,
-
and the evidence, speaks for itself.
-
Even if they are never truly brought to justice directly, Alexander Litvinenko made sure that
-
the world would know who killed him.
-
Check out “Death Row Criminal the Law Couldn't Kill - True Story” and “The Man Who Stole
-
$65 Billion - Largest Ponzi Scheme In History” for more wild true stories about fascinating
-
people!