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December 20, 1968.
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Two high school students named Betty Lou Jensen and David Faraday are making out in a car
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on a dark road nicknamed, “Lover's Lane.”
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Suddenly a man appears out of nowhere and orders the love-struck teens to get out of
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the vehicle.
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Faraday gets out first, at which point he's shot and killed.
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Jensen makes a run for it and is shot five times in the back.
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This was the work of the Zodiac, perhaps America's most mysterious serial killer.
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A maniac still in the crosshairs of law enforcement today, and a man that just spoke again after
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half a decade of silence.
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Around six months after that murder, three newspapers received a letter each from a person
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who claimed he was the killer.
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In the letters, the person included a cryptogram, that after being cracked seemed to reference
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a book about hunting, but not animal hunting, it was about hunting humans for sport.
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His victims, he wrote, would become his slave in the afterlife.
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“This is the Zodiac speaking,” would become five words that etched themselves into the
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minds of millions of Americans after more brutal murders and bewildering letters.
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The killer was playing with the cops, he was needling them, trolling them, so much so that
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he drove some investigators nearly out of their minds.
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And then came the unsolvable puzzle, the Zodiac's pièce de resistance, a cipher so perplexing
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that not even the greatest code breaking minds in the world could solve it, not until now
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anyway.
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It's taken 51 years to finally solve the puzzle, and it's revealed a chilling message.
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Ok, so first you need to know a bit more about the person known as the Zodiac Killer.
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It's something we've covered in detail before, so we'll give you the abridged version
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of this rather long and very disturbing tale.
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SPOILER ALERT: The cops never caught him.
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Should they have?
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You can tell us at the end.
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It's possible that he started his journey as a ruthless killer with those two young
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lovers, but it's also possible the Zodiac had actually killed before.
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We may never know for sure, but in a letter, he once claimed to have killed as many as
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37 people.
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The police though, have only ever definitively linked him to the killing of five people.
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In all likelihood, the Zodiac's body count was way higher.
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And he might have carried on killing for decades.
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His last letter came in 1974, and then like a ghost, he just disappeared.
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That letter contained a postmark saying, “If I don't see this note in your paper, I will
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do something nasty, which you know I'm capable of.”
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He then wrote: Me: 37.
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SFPD: 0.
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Such letters infuriated the police, especially when he wrote such things as, “I like killing
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people because it's so much fun.”
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For the cops, it was only a matter of time before they caught the maniac, but they were
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wrong, very wrong.
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It's certain the Zodiac murdered 22-year old Darlene Elizabeth Ferrin and almost killed
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19-year old Mike Renault Mageau as they sat in their car in a secluded section of Blue
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Rock Springs Park in Vallejo, California.
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The killer pulled up behind them at one point and then drove away.
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When he returned, he got out of his car and shined a bright light into the couple's
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car.
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He shot Ferrin five times and Mageau four times.
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She died, but he lived to tell the tale.
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Cops now knew they were looking for a male, possibly in his late 20s or early 30s.
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He was about five foot eight and on the stocky side.
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He had brown hair and a roundish face.
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Mageau might have gotten some details wrong, but who takes notes when you have a gun in
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your face?
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How did the police know it was the Zodiac killer?
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Well, he had the gumption to call them from a payphone only a few blocks away from the
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station less than an hour after the attack.
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He told them details about the murder only the killer could possibly know, like what
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weapon was used.
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Then he shocked the cops by saying he was also the one who killed the kids on Lover's
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Lane.
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So, it wasn't a one-off killer.
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This was the work of a serial killer.
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Since the woman was cheating on her husband he was a suspect for a while, but it didn't
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take long to figure out it wasn't him.
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The Zodiac was real.
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And he was far from finished.
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Ok, so now we need to talk about ciphers and cryptograms.
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A cryptogram is like a puzzle that contains encrypted symbols.
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It might look like gibberish, but it has a hidden meaning.
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To figure out that meaning you need a kind of key to decode it, called a cipher.
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Anyone can create one with a little bit of research, and if you're the clever sort,
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you can even create a cryptogram that's next to impossible to decipher.
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Seeing as it took 51 years to crack one of the Zodiac's puzzles, well, you say criticize
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him all you want for his brutality, but you can't underestimate the man's brainpower.
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His first cryptogram was the 408, which is called that because that's how many total
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symbols are in it.
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It was published by the San Francisco Chronicle and two other newspapers that were each sent
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different parts of the puzzle, and the public was asked to solve it.
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A couple of teachers in California named Donald Gene and Bettye June Harden did just that,
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and it only took them around 20 hours.
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Strange, since so-called experts had failed where they succeeded.
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There's actually a conspiracy theory that the two were the Zodiac, but that's a story
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for another day.
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Ok, so in all this cryptogram contained 54 different cipher symbols and 25 letters that
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are in the English alphabet.
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The couple worked out that they were looking at what's called a homophonic substitution
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cipher, which basically means you replace one letter with another, say a D for an M.
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It gets tricky though when one letter can be replaced by five different letters.
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They couple cracked it, though, and this is how the decoded message began:
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“I like killing people because it is so much fun it is more fun than killing wild
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game in the forest because man is the most dangerous animal of all.
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To kill something gives me the most thrilling experience, it is even better than getting
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your rocks off with a girl…”
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He then goes on about slaves in the afterlife and paradise, so despite being very clever,
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the Zodiac may also have been suffering from mental illnesses.And he wasn't finished
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killing.
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Just over a month later, he struck again.
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This time he picked on two Pacific Union College students named Bryan Hartnell and Cecelia
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Shepard.
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They were enjoying a picnic at a bucolic spot next to Lake Berryessa in California's beautiful
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Napa Valley.
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The pair must have received the shock of their lives when they saw what looked like a vision
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from hell walking towards their very secluded spot.
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It was a man, about five feet eleven, average weight, wearing what looked like an executioner's
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hood.
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They couldn't see his eyes due to the fact he was wearing sunglasses over the mask's
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eye holes.
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If that wasn't frightening enough, he was also wearing what looked like a child's
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bib.
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On that bib was his now famous crossed circle symbol.
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The couple were absolutely petrified but didn't move since the maniac approaching them was
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clasping a handgun.
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He told them not to worry, and told them a story about being a convict on the run.
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He subsequently told the young man to tie up his girlfriend with a plastic clothesline
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that the supposed-convict just happened to have handy.
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The Zodiac then tied up the woman himself.
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What happened next is what usually only happens in horror movies featuring college students
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that drive out to the woods or a lake even though they're warned not to do so by a
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peculiar-looking gas station owner.
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The Zodiac started going crazy, stabbing them both in the back.
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He stabbed the man six times and the woman ten times.
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Leaving them for the dead, the Zodiac walked about 500 yards to where the couple's car
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was parked.
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There he drew his symbol on the door and wrote, “Vallejo/12-20-68/7-4-69/Sept 27–69–6:30/by
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knife.”
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That evening the Zodiac got the Napa police department on the phone and told them he really
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was behind the double murder at the lake.
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The cops later discovered he'd made that call from a Napa Car Wash that was just around
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the corner from their department.
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The cops got a lead from this though, because they managed to get some prints from the phone.
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Not only that, the kids he stabbed weren't dead.
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They were discovered inches from death having lost a ton of blood.
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The girl told the cops what she had seen, but not long after she fell into a coma and
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died in hospital two days later.
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The man survived though and told the cops everything he knew.
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The police also had other clues, such as tire tracks most likely from the killer's car
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and his size 10 1/2 Wing Walker boot prints.
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Now cops knew they were looking for a true American psycho.
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Soon after the Zodiac struck again, this time murdering a taxi driver named Paul Stine with
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a bullet to the back of the head.
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Three days later, the San Francisco Chronicle received a letter from the Zodiac containing
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a piece of Stein's shirt.
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There was no doubt it was the real deal.
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The Zodiac said in the letter that the cops could have caught him if they'd been doing
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their job correctly.
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He also wrote, “School children make nice targets, I think I shall wipe out a school
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bus some morning.
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Just shoot out the front tire + then pick off the kiddies as they come bouncing out.”
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Just over a week later, someone claiming to be the Zodiac called the Oakland Police Department.
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The person demanded that either one of two big-shot lawyers, F. Lee Bailey or Melvin
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Belli, go on a popular local talk show hosted by a man named Jim Dunbar.
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Belli did just that and appealed for the killer to call in.
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A man who said he was the Zodiac did call.
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He said “I need help, I'm sick.
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I don't want to go to the gas chamber” and he even said he'd meet with Belli, but
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in the end, he didn't turn up.
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As you'll soon find out, there was likely more to that call than first meets the eye.
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This brings us finally to the unbreakable puzzle.
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Not long after that no-show with the lawyer, the Chronicle received a new communication
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from the Zodiac.
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This time it was a cryptogram containing 340 characters, which came to be known as cipher
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340, and it proved to be too difficult for the best minds in the world to decipher at
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the time.
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People tried for decades from the USA and across the world, but what the Zodiac killer
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had created was something special, something so annoyingly difficult that after years or
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trying and failing, the puzzle was forgotten by most code crackers.
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Maybe it was meaningless, they thought, an assumption that put their frustrated minds
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at ease.
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But then in 2006, a global team of crack code breakers took a look at the impossible puzzle
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again.
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They knew it meant something, but finding the key was no easy task, and it would end
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up taking them fourteen years to finally decipher the code.
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That's dedication.
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The team included an American software developer named David Oranchak; a computer programmer
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from Belgium named Jarl Van Eycke, and an Australian mathematician named Sam Blake.
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Their hard work finally brought the words of the Zodiac to the public.
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Eycke had actually developed software to break codes, and he had created specifically to
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crack the one made by the Zodiac.
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Blake's role in figuring out the cipher was to manipulate the symbols and see how
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they could be transposed, which Oranchak did the rest.
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The team said at times they'd get somewhere with the puzzle; they'd find a word, but
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then they'd discover that what they'd discovered was a false positive, what they
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called a “phantom.”
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Then one day the Oranchak announced, “This is a big one.
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We have a solution for the 340 and it's real.”
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It hadn't been easy.
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The team had looked at hundreds of thousands of different manipulations of the text.
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Then on a Thursday at the beginning of December 2020, a variation of the text showed up in
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the program.
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Oranchak said, at first sight, it looked like gibberish but it also contained the words
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“gas chamber” and the even more Zodiac-esque phrase, “Hope you are trying to catch me.”
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That was a signature Zodiac taunt.
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If those phrases were actually part of the correct solution to the puzzle, what the team
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would then have to do is apply a cipher that had been used for those words to the rest
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of the symbols in the cryptogram.
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It was complicated.
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They realized they had to look at the puzzle and read it in a diagonal fashion.
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So, they took the symbol in the top left-hand corner and wrote it down, so if it was an
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“H' they'd write “H”.
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Then they moved down one and over to the right two spaces.
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They then wrote down that symbol, which here was a plus sign.
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They went through the entire puzzle doing this until they'd written down every symbol.
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What they then ended up with was a completely different looking puzzle.
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It still looked like nonsense of course, but now they had something new they could put
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into the code-breaking software.
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Hmm, the team was rather disappointed after that.
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Not only did not much of anything come up, but the terms “gas chamber” and “Hope
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you are trying to catch me” weren't there too.
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It was as if they'd gone backward.
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But then Oranchak tried something else.
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He added the words they suspected were correct - “gas chamber” and “hope you are trying
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to catch me” to the software as known solutions and let the program run.
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Pesto, an English message popped up, the words of the grandmaster secret code psycho, the
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Zodiac himself.
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“That wasn't me on the TV show.”
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Was this the Zodiac telling the cops that the guy that had called in to talk to the
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lawyer was an imposter?
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Oranchak almost fell out of his chair.
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After 51 years it was as if the Zodiac had risen from the grave.
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The team could now decrypt the first part of the puzzle, but the same method of codebreaking
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didn't work for the other two parts.
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Since the first part was almost definitely correct, it didn't make sense that the other
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sections couldn't be solved in the same way.
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But then they hypothesized that the reason it didn't work, was because the Zodiac had
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actually made a mistake when he designed the cipher.
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If that was the case, it was no wonder no one could crack it.