but I'm a big fan of the concrete block.

The first concrete blocks were manufactured in 1868

with a very simple idea:

modules made of cement of a fixed measurement

that fit together.

Very quickly concrete blocks became

the most-used construction unit in the world.

They enabled us to to build things that were larger than us,

buildings, bridges,

one brick at a time.

Essentially concrete blocks had become

the building block of our time.

Almost a hundred years later in 1947,

LEGO came up with this.

It was called the Automatic Binding Brick.

And in a few short years,

LEGO bricks took place in every household.

It's estimated that over 400 billion bricks have been produced --

or 75 bricks for every person on the planet.

You don't have to be an engineer

to make beautiful houses, beautiful bridges, beautiful buildings.

LEGO made it accessible.

LEGO has essentially taken the concrete block, the building block of the world,

and made it into the building block

of our imagination.

Meanwhile the exact same year,

at Bell Labs the next revolution was about to be announced,

the next building block.

The transistor was a small plastic unit

that would take us from a world

of static bricks piled on top of each other

to a world where everything was interactive.

Like the concrete block,

the transistor allows you to build

much larger, more complex circuits, one brick at a time.

But there's a main difference:

The transistor was only for experts.

I personally don't accept this,

that the building block of our time

is reserved for experts,

so I decided to change that.

Eight years ago when I was at the Media Lab,

I started exploring this idea

of how to put the power of engineers

in the hands of artists and designers.

A few years ago I started developing littleBits.

Let me show you how they work.

LittleBits are electronic modules

with each one specific function.

They're pre-engineered

to be light, sound,

motors and sensors.

And the best part about it

is they snap together with magnets.

So you can't put them the wrong way.

The bricks are color-coded.

Green is output, blue is power,

pink is input and orange is wire.

So all you need to do is snap a blue to a green

and very quickly you can start making larger circuits.

You put a blue to a green,

you can make light.

You can put a knob in between

and now you've made a little dimmer.

Switch out the knob

for a pulse module,

which is here,

and now you've made a little blinker.

Add this buzzer

for some extra punch

and you've created a noise machine.

I'm going to stop that.

So beyond simple play,

littleBits are actually pretty powerful.

Instead of having to program, to wire, to solder,

littleBits allow you to program

using very simple intuitive gestures.

So to make this blink faster or slower,

you would just turn this knob

and basically make it pulse faster or slower.

The idea behind littleBits

is that it's a growing library.

We want to make every single interaction in the world

into a ready-to-use brick.

Lights, sounds, solar panels, motors --

everything should be accessible.

We've been giving littleBits to kids and seeing them play with them.

And it's been an incredible experience.

The nicest thing is how they start to understand

the electronics around them from everyday

that they don't learn at schools.

For example, how a nightlight works,

or why an elevator door stays open,

or how an iPod responds to touch.

We've also been taking littleBits to design schools.

So for example, we've had designers

with no experience with electronics whatsoever

start to play with littleBits as a material.

Here you see, with felt and paper water bottles,

we have Geordie making ...

(Clanging)

(Buzzing)

A few weeks ago we took littleBits to RISD

and gave them to some designers

with no experience in engineering whatsoever --

just cardboard, wood and paper -- and told them "Make something."

Here's an example of a project they made,

a motion-activated confetti canon ball.

(Laughter)

But wait, this is actually my favorite project.

It's a lobster made of playdough

that's afraid of the dark.

(Laughter)

To these non-engineers, littleBits became another material,

electronics became just another material.

And we want to make this material accessible to everyone.

So littleBits is open-source.

You can go on the website, download all the design files, make them yourself.

We want to encourage a world

of creators, of inventors, of contributors,

because this world that we live in,

this interactive world, is ours.

So go ahead and start inventing.

Thank you.

(Applause)